2022年英语语言学试卷精粹 .pdf

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1、第一部分选择题1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be _. A、 prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexibl

2、e. A、 mouth B、 lips C、 tongue D、 vocal cords 3、The morpheme vision in the common word television is a(n) _. A、 bound morpheme B、 bound form C、 inflectional morpheme D、 free morpheme 4、A _ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B 、 p

3、article C、 preposition D、 subordinator主从连词5、Can I borrow your bike? _ You have a bike. A、 is synonymous withB 、 is inconsistent with C、 entailsD、 presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called _. A、 semantics B、 pragmatics C

4、、 sociolinguisticsD 、 psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are _ or generalization泛化. A、 elaboration B、 simplification精简C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing 8、_ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward gram

5、matical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、 Lingua franca通用语B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D 、 Standard language标准语言9、 Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brai

6、n are vital to language, namely, _ . A、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and the angular gyrus角回B、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and cerebral cortex C、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and neurons D、 Brocas area, Wernickes area and Exners area 10、 According to Krashen, _ refers to the gradual and subconcious de

7、velopment of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisition第二部分非选择题11、Chomsky defines competence as the ideal users k of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature i

8、n common, i.e, they are all b . 13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - -

9、 - -第 1 页，共 26 页question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to somethings being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose.

10、 Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c . 18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+ishes), Black English can d the form of be. 19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c

11、period for first language acquisition. 20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner. III. ( )21、In modern linguistic studies, the

12、 written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ( )22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both Chinese and English. ( )23、The compound word bookstore is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a com

13、pound is the sum total of the meanings of its components. ( )24、 Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only. ( )25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, fo

14、r example, within British English or American English. ( )26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. ( )27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also

15、includes languages that are not Indo-European. ()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains. ( )29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, speakers perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life. ( )30、All

16、normal children have equal ability to acquire their first language. IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 26 页illustration. (3%10=30%) 31、duality 32、diachronic linguistics 33、broad transcription 34、morphologica

17、l rules 35、phrase structure rule 36、relational opposites 37、componential analysis 38、context 39、euphemism 40、brain lateralization V. Answer the following questions. (10%2=20%) 41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration. 42、Briefly discuss the i

18、ndividual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language. 英语语言学试题（2）1.The pair of words “lend ”and “borrow ”are _.() A.gradable opposites B.relational opposites C.co-hyponyms D.synonyms 2.The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar .( ) A.Jaco

19、b Grimm B.Rasmus Rask C.Franz Bopp D.Sir William Jones 3.A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _.( ) A.unusual B.something to be feared C.abnormal D.natural 4._produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from m

20、ildly inappropriate to complete nonsense,often as unintelligible.( ) A.Brocas aphasic B.The linguistic deprivation C.The damage on the angular gyrus D.Wernickes aphasic 5.Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night”as “light”.This shows:.( ) A.They cannot pronounce/n/ B.Interlangue

21、 interference because there is notthe sound /n/in their mother tongue C.The teachers do not have a good teaching method D.They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6.A word with several meanings is called _word.( ) A.a polysemousB.a synonymousC.an abnormal D.a multiple 7.The function of the sentenc

22、e “A nice day, isnt it?”is _.() A.informative B.phatic C.directive D.performative 8.The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in _ and vocabulary.( ) A.usage B.grammar C.pronunciation D.structure 9._deals with the way in which a language varies through geogra

23、phical space.( ) A.Linguistic geography B.Lexicology C.Lexicography D.Sociolinguistics 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 26 页10.The semantic components of the word “gentleman ” can be expressed as _.( ) A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult C.+animate,-male

24、,+human,-adult D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult 二、填空题 (每空 1 分，共 10 分) 11.A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w_ to form a complete statement,q_or command. 12.In sociolinguistic studies,speakers are treated as members of s_g_. 13.Utterance is based on _ _ ;i

25、t is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication,or simply in a context. 14.To many people,a linguist is the same as a _,one who can speak several languages fluently. 15.Consonant sounds can be either v _or v_,while all vowel sounds are v_. 三、判断说明题(判断下列

26、各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写 “F”，并说明理由。每小题2 分，共 20 分) 16.All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17.Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18.Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19.The part of a sentence which compriese comprises an infinite verb

27、or a verb phrase is grammatically called predicate.( ) 20.Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.( ) 21.The term dialect,as a technical term in linguistics,carries value judgement and not simply refers to a distinct form of language.( ) 22.Morphology is translated as 形态学。 ( )

28、 23.The word “photographically” is made up of 4 morphemes.( ) 24.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.( ) 25.Semantics is the main part of linguistics.( ) 四、名词解释 (每小题 3 分，共 30 分) 26.general linguistics 27.suprasegmental features 28.root and stem 29.hierarchical structure 30.naming t

29、heory and conceptualist view 31.maxims of quality and manner 32.blending 33.sociolect 34.subvocal speech 35.contrastive analysis 五、论述题 (每小题 10 分，共 20 分) 36.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences. (1)The shoo

30、ting of the hunters might be terrible. (2)He saw young men and women present. (3)They were surprised at the presidents appointment. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 26 页37.Decide the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -it

31、is -ize -age 英语语言学试题（3）第一部分选择题1.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is _. A. arbitrary B.non-arbitrary C. logical D.non-productive 2.All the back vowels in English are pronounced with rounded-lips,i.e. rounded, EXCEPT _. 3.The

32、level of syntactic representation that exists before movement takes place is commonly termed the _. A.phrase structure B.surface structure C.syntactic structure D.deep structure 4.The theory of _ accounts for the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. A.Case Condition B.

33、Adjacent Condition C.parameter D.Adjacent parameters 5.The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form is called _. A.polysemy B.hyponymy C.antonymy D.homonymy 6.The utterance Were already working 25 hours a day,eight days a week.obviously violates the maxim of _. A.quality B.

34、quantity C.relation D.manner 7.In first language acquisition children usually _ grammatical rules from the linguistic information they hear. A.use B.accept C.generalize D.reconstruct 8.Standardization known as _ is necessary in order to facilitate communications. A.language interpretation B.language

35、 identification C.language choice D.language planning 9.Which of the following choices is not the key biological basis for human language acquisition? _. A.Cerebral cortex B.Neurons C.Eyes D.Angular gyrus 10.Basically all the following categories except _ are always missing in the childrens telegrap

36、hic speech stage. A.the copula verb be B.inflectional morphemes C.function words D.content words 第二部分非选择题11.Language exists in time and changes through time. The description of a language at some point of time is called a _s_ study of language. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 26

37、 页12.An essential difference between consonants and vowels is whether the air coming up from the lungs meets with any _o_ when a sound is produced. 13.The morphemes that cannot be used by themselves, but must be combined with other morphemes to form words are called _b_ morphemes. 14.XP may contain

38、more than just X.For example,the NP the boy who likes his puppy consists of Det,N and S,with Det being the _s_,N the head and S the complement. 15.According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts,to suggest that someone should see the doctor should fall into the category of _d_. 16.Hyponymy

39、 is the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items.The word that is more general in meaning is called _s_. 17.Vowels can be nasalized.The vowel nasalization rule is an _a_ rule,which,for the most part, is caused by articulatory or physiological process in which successive

40、sounds are made identical, or more similar, to one another. 18.One mark of an informal style is the frequent occurrence of _s_ words and expressions, which make sense only to the people of particular social groups and serve as a mark of membership and solidarity within a given social group. 19.The b

41、rain is divided into two roughly symmetrical halves, called _h_, one on the right and one on the left. 20.Linguists often use the term native language or mother tongue instead of first language, and _t_ language instead of second language in second language acquisition literature. . 21.( )Human capa

42、city for language has a genetic basis,i.e. we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted. 22.( )A general difference between phonetics and phonology is that phonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology

43、 is more concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. 23.( )Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds. 24.( )Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particula

44、r order. 25.( )The same semantic feature occurs in one part of speech only. For example, female occurs only in nouns such as mother, woman girl tigress and so on but not in other parts of speech. 26.( )According to Searles classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advising, promising

45、 and apologizing all fall into the category of directives. 27.( )New words may be formed from existing words by subtracting an affix thought to be part of the old word; that is, ignorance sometimes can be creative. Thus peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the -er was the

46、agentive suffix. 28.( )Women in Western countries at least appear to be more status-conscious and sensitive to the social significance of certain linguistic variables. 29.( )The case of Genie confirms that the language faculty of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 26 页an average hu

47、man degenerates after the critical period and consequently, most linguistic skills cannot develop. 30.( )Conscious knowledge of linguistic rules does ensure acquisition of the rules and therefore an immediate guidance for actual performance. .Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two

48、 examples for illustration. (3% 10=30%) 31.narrow transcription 32.stem 33.derivational affixes 34.grammatical relation 35.predication 36.semantic narrowing 37.nonstandard languages 38.linguistic taboo 39.angular gyrus 40.interlanguage .Answer the following questions.(10%2=20%) 41.Explain with examp

49、les the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related. 英语语言学试题（5）一、1.The description of a language as it changes through time is a ( ) study. A. comparative B. diachronic C. up-to-date D. descriptive 2. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and u

50、ntil recently the most highly developed, is ( ) phonetics. A. auditory B. acoustic C. articulatory D. none of the above three 3. What the element -es indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element -ed past tense, and -ing progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of langua