土建专业毕业设计外文文献翻译--建筑物防雷设计.docx

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1、土建专业毕业设计外文文献翻译-建筑物防雷设计 外文文献翻译 Building anti-radar design The widespread usage of electricity promoted to defend the development of thunder product and be a high pressure power grid to provide motive and illuminate for the thousand 10000, thunder and lightning also a great deal of bane high pressure

2、lose to change to give or get an electric shock an equipments.The high pressure line installs Gao, be apart from long, cross geography complications, is strike by lightning easily medium.The protection scope shortage of the lightning rod with protect up to thousand power lines, so avoid thunder line

3、 as to protect high pressure line of new connect a Shan machine to emerge with the tide of the times.After the high pressure line acquire a protection, the hair linked with high pressure line, go together with electricity equipments to be still conduct electricity to press damage, people discover th

4、is is becauserespond thunder is play tricks.(Respond the thunder is to respond the metals conductor of neighborhood because of keeping shot thunder to turn on electricity in, respond the thunder can pass 2 kinds to differently respond way incursion conductor, one is an electrostatic induction:When t

5、he electric charge in thunder cloud accumulates to gather, neighborhood of the conductor will also respond up the contrary electric charge and be a thunder to turn on electricity, the electric charge in thunder cloud quickly releases, and the conductor Central plains come to is tie up by thunder clo

6、ud electric field of the static electricity will also follow conductor fluxion to look for to release passage, will become electricity pulse in the electric circuit. The widespread usage of electricity promoted to defend the development of thunder product and be a high pressure power grid to provide

7、 motive and illuminate for the thousand 10000, thunder and lightning also a great deal of bane high pressure lose to change to give or get an electric shock an equipments. First, the building anti-radar classifies the anti-radar building category which pointed out explicitly to the standard, may app

8、ly mechanically directly. In the standard to some buildings only pointed out that is bigger than estimate thunder stroke number of times XX/every year, but belongs to two kinds or three kind of anti-radar buildings. Regarding these stipulations, only depends on the direct-viewing feeling and the exp

9、erience in the design, cannot determine explicitly its building respective anti-radar category, causes to make two kinds anti-radar to make three kinds by mistake, should make three kinds anti-radar, but has not done, the result is to the building which completes creates certain hidden danger. This

10、has the necessity according to the local annual mean thunderstorm day and the building locus geography, the geological soil, the meteorological environment and so on conducts the detailed research and makes the corresponding computation, determines the anti-radar rank. For example: Under Jinan area

11、Td=26.3 K=2 environment according to formula: N=0.024k Td1.3 Ae in the formula: N- building estimate thunder stroke number of times (/year) The K- correction factor (according to newly built building locuss geography, environment decides) Td- annual mean thunderstorm day Ae- and the building truncat

12、ion receives the same thunder stroke number of times equivalent area (km2) Calculates the length 100 meters, the width 25 meters, above two (H9 rice) the provincial level work building must make two kind of anti-radar. If through the computation, this kind of building actual does not make three kind

13、s anti-radar or does not do is possible. From this sees, carries on the overall evaluation to some peculiar circumstances building and makes the corresponding computation is very essential. the two, anti-radar electric inductions and the thunder electric waves invade the against long jab thunder the

14、 measure, the general layout personnel are very explicit. But, along with the technical development, electronic installations popularization, the anti-radar electric induction and the thunder electric wave invasion must be clear in the design, and consummates gradually forms an anti-radar network. w

15、hen the 1. thunder and lightning induces - the thunder discharge, has the electrostatic induction and the electromagnetic induction on the nearby conductor, it possibly causes between the metal part to produce the spark. Therefore is protected in buildings metal earth, is the anti-radar electric ind

16、uction key measure. First, completes the equipotential joint. To one, two kind of anti-radar buildings in parallel or overlapping placing metal pipeline, when its clear distance is smaller than 100mm, should use Jin Shuxian to bridge, is prevents the potential difference which the electromagnetic in

17、duction creates to be able the small gap breakdown, but produces the electric spark, every other 30m completes the earth. the 2. thunder electric wave invasion - as a result of the thunder and lightning to the air line either the metal pipelines function, the thunder electric wave possibly along the

18、se pipeline invasion room, endangers the personal safety or damages the equipment. Therefore, completes the terminal the anti-radar protection, completes the equalizing ring and against flank attack thunder is the anti-radar electric wave invasion key measure. First, two kind of anti-radar construct

19、ion low pressure coil in entire line uses buries straight said that is built on stilts the line introduces when the indoors many in a 15m section should trade the electric cable (metal armoring electric cable to bury straight, protective covering electric cable puts on steel pipe) the buyer, and is

20、being built on stilts with the electric cable trades meets place completes the lightning protection protection. Two kind of anti-radar constructions work as the air line direct introduction, besides in the residence place addition arrester, and completes the buyer installment iron stock the earth, a

21、pproaches on buildings two telephone poles iron stock also to complete the earth, and the impact earth resistance 30, all weak electricity coil ins protection should with the strong electricity coil. The anti-radar building must complete the equalizing ring and against flank attack thunder protectio

22、n. Equalizing ring from three starts, between link vertical range 12m, all downleads, buildings metal structure and the hardware reliably connects with the link, the equalizing ring may use in the structure grids steel bar (steel bar to link up ring circuit). A kind anti-radar constructs above 30m,

23、two kinds anti-radar construct above 45m, three kinds anti-radar construct above 60m, must complete against flank attack thunder protection, makes one week level along the building outer wall to evade the mine belt, between the belt and the belt the vertical range 6m, in the outer wall all metal par

24、apet, the windows and doors with evade the mine belt to connect reliably, evade the mine belt to connect reliably again with the downlead. The vertical placings metal pipeline and the metal peak and the bottom end and the antimine device reliable connection, the goal lies in the equipotential, becau

25、se and the both sides connection causes it to form the parallel with the downlead, causes the thunder electric current news fast to enter. three, anti-radar electric currents after downlead and when grounding has the high electric potential completes against long jab thunder, the thunder electric wa

26、ve invasion and the thunder and lightning to the hardware or electrical line counter-attack measure induces, is not a complete anti-radar design. Because, in the building mostly uses together the grounding at present, when thunder long jab in this building antimine device, the supposition flows thro

27、ugh approaches the low pressure electric installation place grounding the thunder electric current is 20KA, when impact earth resistance =1, in the grounding the electric potential elevates is 20KV, but the general indoor low pressure installment bears the striking potential most to be high is 8KV.

28、Its result causes the low pressure electric installation insulation to be weak place is possibly penetrated creates the short circuit, has the fire, to damage the equipment, this is very dangerous. Therefore, gives the enough value in the design, realizes omni-directionally, the multi-level anti-rad

29、ar networks to the anti-radar building, causes the thunder and lightning the influence to reduce to the building is smallest.when building for high-pressured coil, high-pressured, the low pressure side each on supposes the arrester, with protects by the high-pressured coil in thunder and lightning a

30、nd the operation (circuit breaker movement, throws cuts big electric motor and condenser bank and so on) the overvoltage. The electronic installation are many and the important construction, installs the overvoltage protection again in the low pressure power distribution branch, does for the reserve

31、 protection, mainly uses in further suppressing after the pretage protection limit on the surplus overvoltage and the power line the overvoltage which produces by the induction or the coupling.when building for low pressure coil, installs the overvoltage protector in the power source total coil in p

32、lace. four, about meet dodges to meet dodges - the direct truncation the lightning rod which is struck by lightning, to evade the mine belt (line), the lightning protection network, as well as serves as the metal roofing which and the steel work meets dodges and so on. In many buildings, the roofing

33、 for on person roofing, is high to the artistic request, according to the conventional procedure, clearly spreads the lightning protection network with the garden steel to do meets dodges is artistic on the influence, this standard to two kind of anti-radar buildings in two, three, eight, nine secti

34、on of building pointed out that with in the reinforced concrete roofing, Liang, columns steel bar achievement meets suitably dodges, in the practical application, may use in the roofing parapet wall the capping steel bar to do meets dodges, is higher than the roofing each kind of iron stock to with

35、the capping steel bar reliable welding (when construction must pay attention to coordination), the capping steel bar with makes in downleads column four corner postsThe muscle completes the reliable electrical connection. This procedure must have the concretes fragment which regularly to the thunder

36、 stroke the possibility creates or withdraw carries on the service. five, earth body - bury in the soil or the concrete foundation does drifts with the conductor about earth body the . In the practical application, the big project uses in the foundation the steel bar to make the earth body generally

37、, and uses the union earth body, the earth resistance value to request slightly 1. But in some have the basement, in half basement construction, at the construction uses the waterproofing material to construct the ledger wall to make waterproof processing. At present, uses the waterproofing material

38、 has the very good insulating property, therefore, makes the earthed pole directly to this kind of building using the foundation steel bar, had the possibility not to be able to satisfy the project docking earth resistance request, must direct from the column muscle downlead place, one week made in

39、the closed artificial earth body and the foundation along the building slope protection outside the steel bar and uses, like this could achieve the satisfactory earth resistance value. The intelligence mansion is generally and all a type of building, should build up comprehensive connect a ground of

40、 system, connect a ground of electric resistance to be no bigger than one .Design in the building crest from avoid thunder to take, lightning rod or mixture constitute of connect a Shan machine, make use of steel pillar or sign the reinforcing bar in the pillar as to defend thunder to lead to log ou

41、t, and and the foundation reinforcing bar of building, beam reinforcing bar, the metals frame conjunction gets up, become to shut to match good farad cage and construct inside the Shu toward the metals piping should each time all press of the 3 F and turn beam wreath connect with each other, all pre

42、ss wreath should with defend thunder device ad hoc lead to log out connect with each other.When building is more than 30 meters high, in response to 30 meters and the railing on above part of outside walls, the metals doors and windows wait a bigger metal direct or through metals doors and windows c

43、over up an iron with defend thunder device a conjunction.The intelligence is various exchanges inside the mansion, the direct current equipments is numerous, the circuit maneuvers interleave, should exchanges work in the building ground, safe protection ground, direct current work ground, defend thu

44、nder to connect ground and the cage good conjunction of the building farad, become an etc. electric potential body, avoid connecting the existence potential difference of the of a ground of line, respond to conduct electricity reason of press the creation by cancellation. 建筑物防雷设计 当人们知道，雷电是一种电力的现象后，向

45、崇拜的雷电与恐惧感逐渐消失，并开始与品味，科学来自新观察自然现象，这魔术，希望使使用或控制雷电活动，以造福人类.超过二百年以来几乎富兰克林为首的小康就技术开始挑战对雷电，他发明的避雷针可能被视为向在最早现阶段维护雷声大的产品和产品名称，今天这几乎由全体人民已知道.事实上，富兰克林发明避雷针是认为金属避雷针的角度谈谈对电力的功能，可合成电荷在积雨云，使积雨云和电场的地球一样低的水平，不能突破的空气中，避免罢工，因此，闪电发生时，当时的避雷针，必须要求尖利.但是事后研究阐述证明：闪电控制棒是发生不可避免的打雷的，因为它可以证明雷声大，是因为建筑物较高，是矗立在签署的避雷针改变了大气电场，使积雨云的

46、一定范围内始终把对电力对闪电棒，也就是说，避雷针只是比它周围其他物体更容易连接山雷电，避雷针是罢工的闪电，但是它可以对其他物体加以保护，这是捍卫建筑物的一种方式，避雷针防雷更加深刻的研究表示，连接避雷针山的功能，几乎有一些建筑物不是很高，但没有形状，可说是避雷针不一定是雷声大，技术的境界，将会知道一起像现在这种类型的防雷装置。广泛使用的电力，促进了发展防雷产品和一个高压电网提供的可以照亮千万人类电动机，雷电也是大的高的压力祸根，失去了改革，就相当于给予或得到一个电动休克. 一、建筑物的防雷分类 对规范中明确指出的防雷建筑物类别，可直接套用。规范中对有些建筑物仅指出大于预计雷击次数XX次/每年，

47、而归属二类或三类防雷建筑物。对于这些规定，在设计中仅凭直观感觉和经验，就不能明确确定其建筑物所属防雷类别，使应做二类防雷误做成三类，应做三类防雷而没做，结果是对建成的建筑物造成一定的隐患。这就有必要据当地的年平均雷暴日及建筑物所在地的地理、地质土壤、气象环境等进行详细的研究并做出相应的计算，来确定防雷等级。 例如：在济南地区Td=26.3 K=2的环境下 据公式：N=0.024kTd13Ae 式中：N建筑物预计雷击次数(次/年) K校正系数(据新建建筑物所在地的地理、环境而定) Td年平均雷暴日 Ae与建筑物截收相同雷击次数的等效面积(km2) 计算出长100米、宽25米，两层以上(H9米)的

48、省级办公建筑物就要做二类防雷。如果不通过计算，这类建筑物实际中做成三类防雷或不做都是有可能的。由此看出，对一些特殊情况下的建筑物进行综合考虑并做出相应的计算是非常必要的。 二、防雷电感应和雷电波侵入 防直击雷的措施，一般设计人员都很明确。但是，随着科技的发展，电子设备的普 及，防雷电感应和雷电波侵入在设计中也必须明确，并逐步完善形成一个防雷网络。 1.雷电感应雷电放电时，在附近导体上产生的静电感应和电磁感应，它可能使金属部件之间产生火花。因此被保护建筑物内的金属物接地，是防雷电感应的主要措施。首先，是做好等电位联结。对一、二类防雷建筑物内平行或交叉敷设的金属管道，其净距小于100mm时，应采用

49、金属线跨接，是防止电磁感应所造成的电位差能将小空隙击穿，而产生电火花，每隔30m做好接地。 2.雷电波侵入由于雷电对架空线或金属管道的作用，雷电波可能沿着这些管线侵入屋内，危及人身安全或损坏设备。因此，做好进线端的防雷保护，做好均压环及防侧击雷是防雷电波侵入的主要措施。一、二类防雷建筑低压进线全线采用直埋地引入，将线路架空引入户内时不少于15m的一段应换电缆(金属铠装电缆直埋地，护套电缆穿钢管)进户，并在架空与电缆换接处做好避雷保护。二类防雷建筑当架空线直接引入时，除在入户处加装避雷器，并将进户装置铁件做好接地外，靠近建筑物的两根电杆上的铁件也应做好接地，且冲击接地电阻30，所有弱电进线的保护应同强电进线。防雷建筑要做好均压环及防侧击雷保护。均压环从三层开始，环间垂直距离12m，所有引下线、建筑物的金属结构和金属设备均与环可靠连接，均压环可利用结构圈梁内的钢筋(钢筋必须贯通成环