动词的时态和语态专题.doc

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1、语法专题：动词时态现在的时态 现在的时态包括：一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时一般现在时：考点1：表示现在经常发生的动作、习惯性的动作，用于陈述说明情况，对比过去等。特别提示：常与表示习惯的的副词及副词短语always, every day, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, sometimes, usually等连用Every day I go to work on foot. She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month.- Can I help you,

2、 sir? - Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it doesnt work.考点2：描述主语的状态，性质，特征，能力等，用于“描述现阶段的动作或状态”。特别提示：以here, there开头，尽管说明正在发生的动作，谓语仍然用一般现在时。Her sister is busy at the moment. Here comes the bus.考点3：表示真理和客观事实或用于新闻标题、说明解说中。The teacher said that the earth moves around the sun once a year.考点4：在时

3、间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来要发生的动作或状态。即：主将从现特别提示：when, if等连词不引导状语从句而引导其他从句时，时态正常。If it rains tomorrow, I shall stay at home. I dont know if/when he will come.考点5：在时刻表(节目单等)中，表示将要发生的动作或状态。只限于go, come, return, arrive/reach/get; leave; start/begin/end/ finish; take off The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30

4、.现在进行时：考点1：表示现在正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在发生的动作（但说话时不一定正在进行）。It is raining heavily outside. I dont really work here; Im just helping out until the new secretary comes.考点2：表示将来的动作表示在最近按计划或安排将要发生的动作。注意：此用法只限于一些动词(come/go, leave/arrive, begin/start, stay/visit等)且一般跟时间状语。They are leaving for Hong Kong next month.考点

5、3：与always, forever, constantly, continually 连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩(抱怨、责备、称赞等)。 He is always thinking more of others than of himself.One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.考点4：非延续动词（如：die; stop; start; finish; approach ）用于现在进行时，表示“很快就要；濒于” 表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词或短语（have, hear, see, like, contain, b

6、elong to, have on, understand, know）不用于进行时。The old man is dying.考点5：状态动词转义或表示暂时性。有些表示存在(exist)、所有(belong to)、心理状态或思维(understand, know, remember, seem, )、情感(like)、愿望(wish, hope)、相信(believe)、找到(find)的动词没有进行时。但是，状态动词转义（静态词义变为动态词义），或表示暂时性也会用进行时。I still remember the days when I lived in that quiet villag

7、e.The children are being noisy again in the next room. I will ask them to be quiet. Bill is seeing Mary home after the party. (为送行)现在完成时：现在完成时属于现在的时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或与现在有联系，不能与明确过去时间状语连用。考点1：已完成用法：表示动作到说话时刻已经完成。这种已完成的动作与现在有联系：表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果。表示总结或说明表示经历或经验。常用的标志词：just, recently/lately, so far/up

8、to now/till now, already, ever, never, yet, before等。I cant open the door. I have lost the key. We have set up many new factories in this area.考点2：未完成用法：表示从过去某时刻开始持续到现在的动作或情况，这种动作或情况有可能会继续下去。此时谓语常是延续性动词，并常带有for(+时间段)或since(+时间点)等状语或so far, up to now, till now, in the past/last few years等标志性时间状语。How l

9、ong have you been in Beijing? -I have been in Beijing for four years. He has lived here since 1980.考点3：在时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作。表示从句中（将来的）动作先于主句动作发生和完成。I will give my opinion after I have read through the book.考点4：常与序数词和最高级连用（后面的定语从句用现在完成时）固定句型：It/This/That is the first time that从句（从句中用现在完成时）This is

10、 the most interesting book that I have ever read. It is the second time that you have been here.现在完成进行时:考点1：表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续至今，很可能讲继续延续下去。强调动作的持续不停、反复性和决心。 I have been waiting for you since eight oclock in the morning.All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.考点2：表示某一动作从

11、过去开始，一直持续到说话时刚刚结束。着眼对现在的结果和影响。My clothes are all wet. Ive been working in the rain.Dad looks very tired. He has been working in the garden all day.现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别1. Someone has been phoning you. 2. Someone has phoned you.3. Ive been reading the novel. 4. Ive read the novel.5. Whos been eating my ap

12、ples? 6. Whos eaten my apples?7. Have you been meeting her lately?归纳：1. 现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，但现在完成时不表示动作重复。 2. 现在完成进行时强调动作持续不停，而现在完成时则强调动作的完成。 3. 现在完成进行时有时带有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是平铺直叙。提示：在实际做题时，如果现在完成进行时和现在完成时二者同时出现，大多情况下答案是现在完成进行时，命题人主语考查现在完成进行时强调动作的持续不停，反复性和决心等，句中常有延续时间状语all day, the whole morning, for years等

13、。考点3：有些延续性动词，如：live, teach, work, study, learn, stay等的现在完成时与现在完成进行时差别不大I have lived here for 10 years. =I have been living here for 10 years.即学即练： 一、单项选择：1. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn2. I _ all the coo

14、king for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done3. - Im not finished with my dinner yet. - But our friends _ for us. A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting4. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.

15、 A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved5. - When shall we restart our business? - Not until we _ our plan. A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished6. - Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?- Sorry, I _ myself clear

16、. We want to return on October 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made7. For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of8. We _ on our project day and night in th

17、e past two decades. A. had worked B. have worked C. will be working D. has been working9. We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked 10. -Weve spent too much money recently. - Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives

18、_ around all the time. A. are coming B. had come C. were coming D. have been coming二、词语填空：1.Im tired out. I _ (shop) all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.2. -Why, Jack, you look so tired! -Well, I _ (paint)the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.3.Listening to loud music at

19、rock concerts _(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers.4.Every few years, the coal workers _ (have) their lungs X-ray to ensure their health.5.Joseph_ (go)to evening classes since last month, but he still cant say “Whats your name?”in Russian.6. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped r

20、inging. People _ (phone)to ask how I am going to spend the money.三、翻译句子1. 夏天树长得比冬天快。_2. 下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。_3. 他总是为别人考虑得多，为自己考虑的少。_4. 在过去的六个月里价格急剧下降。_5. 这是我第一次来这里。_6. 别打扰她。她正在写论文呢。_语法专题：动词时态过去的时态 过去的时态包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时，高考的重点是前三种时态（一）一般过去时：考点1：一般过去时表示在过去特定时间中一次或一度发生的动作或存在的状态. 常有明确的过去时间：when, yes

21、terday, last night, just now, in the 1980s, in ones fifties, the other day=a few days ago, in the past, at that time(在那时), at one time, the day before yesterdayTom went to Canada two years ago. He worked there for a few months and then went to America.考点2：表示过去的习惯性动作。 When I was a student, my teacher

22、 always praised me. 考点3：表示始料未及的过去，即表示过去的意识、心态、看法等与现在不同，常用动词有：know, realize, expect, recognize, mean等，表示“没想到、没意识到、不知道”等意义。How time flies! Its already 10 oclock. Oh, I didnt realize it at all.考点4：表示过去连续发生的动作或平行并列的动作。She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.考点5：在时间、条件状

23、语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将要发生的动作。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.考点6：表委婉语气。有时动词的形式为一般过去时，而实际指现在，表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌，商量的语气。I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?（二）过去进行时考点1：过去进行时表示个过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door考点2：过去进行时表示过去某段时

24、间内正在进行的动作。含有“未完成”的意义。The workers were building a railway last year but I dont know whether they have completed it.考点3：过去进行时表示过去的某个动作发生的背景。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.考点4：表示感情色彩。与always, constantly, frequently等词连用，表示说话人的赞美、厌恶等情绪。He was always helping me with my En

25、glish when we were at school.考点5：过去进行时表示过去将要发生的动作。He told us that he was leaving for New York the next month.考点6：常用句型：was/were doing sth when sb did “正在做某事，这时突然”I was washing my hair when someone knocked at the front door.（三）过去完成时：过去完成时是“过去的过去”，要使用过去完成时，必须有两个过去的时间或动作，并且进行比较。考点1：已完成用法：表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经

26、发生的动作或已经存在的状态。(完成)。When we reached the hilltop, the sun had already risen.考点2：未完成用法：表示某个动作或状态在过去某一时刻之前就开始，一直持续到这一过去时刻，并有可能继续下去(延续)。The film had been on for an hour when I got to the cinema yesterday.考点3：“过去的过去”不一定用过去完成时(即：过去的过去使用一般过去时)的情况：由before 或after引导的状语从句的句子，因before和after已经表明时间先后，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完

27、成时。She changed her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.when表示as soon as的意义引出过去两个动作时，可以都用一般过去时。The discussion came alive when an interesting topic was brought in.考点4：虚拟用法：过去完成时表示原打算做但事实上并未做成某事，常见的动词有hope, want, mean, intend, plan等，是一种虚拟用法。 We had hoped to catch the

28、 9:30 train, but we failed to.考点5：过去完成时与序数词和最高级连用：It/This/That was the first/last time+过去完成时从句It/This/That was+形容词最高级+过去完成时从句 That dinner was the most expensive meal we had ever had.考点6：过去完成时用于“一就”句型中：Hardly + _ + 主语 + done + when + _从句No sooner +_+ 主语 + done + than + _从句No sooner had he got to the

29、lab than he set out to do the experiment.即学即练：(一)单项选择1.I _while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate waked me up in time! A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep2.Tom_ into the house when no one_. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slippe

30、d; had looked D. was slipping; looked3.Excuse me. I_ I was blocking your way. A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing4.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_. A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy5.The book has been translated into thirty languag

31、es since it_ on the market in 1973. A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes6.I walked slowly through the market, where people_ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold7.Have you finished reading Jan

32、e Eyre? -No, I_ my homework all day yesterday. A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do8.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they_ for me. A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing9.Were you surprised by the ending of the film?-No. I_ the book, so I already knew th

33、e story. A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read(二) 用动词过去时态的适当形式填空1.Yao Ming hurt his leg when he_(play)in a basketball match against another.2.I saw Tom and his girlfriend in the park at eight yesterday evening. -Impossible. He_(watch)a football match with me then.3. -I hear Mary has

34、gone to Beijing for her holiday. -Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _(leave)?4.The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She_(not fly)before.5.-Has your father returned from Africa yet? -Yes, but he _(be)here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.6.It w

35、as a dark night. The wind _(blow)hard and the rain _ (fall)heavily. A young woman suddenly appeared on the riverbank. It was Xier. She _(just escape)from Huang Shirens house.(三) 用过去时态的适当形式翻译下列句子。1.很遗憾你没有去看决赛，最后比分是2:1._2.她走进车站发现火车已经离开了。_3.我们本想昨天去上海，但他不让我们走。_4.演出刚以开始就停电了。(hardlywhen)_5.他在公园劳动时扭伤了背。_语法

36、专题：动词时态将来的时态将来的时态主要包括：一般将来时、过去将来时、将来进行时、和将来完成时。一般将来时 考点1 will do 将来：必然将来（单纯将来） China will become one of the richest countries in the world.临时决定的将来 - Ann is in hospital. - Oh, really? I dont know. Ill go and see her.意愿将来（包括对祈使句的回答） - Remember to bring your sister next time. - Yes , I will. 祈使句+and/or

37、/otherwise +主语+ will句型中，只用will 表示必然将来。Work hard or you will fail in the exam.考点2 be going to do： 迹象表明 Look at the black clouds. It is going to rain. 打算计划好的将来 - Ann is in hospital. - Yes, I know. I am going to visit her tomorrow.（条件句中）打算将来If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now.

38、考点3 be to do： 按计划或安排要做的事情 We are to discuss the report next week. （条件句中）“想要”愿望将来 If you are to pass the exams, youll have to study hard. “必须”(=must/have to),“应该”(=should/ought to)情态将来（表示说话人的命令指示，劝告等）。You are to do you homework before you watch TV. Old people are to be respected. 考点4 be about to do：

39、表示 “马上”，即可将来，不与时间状语连用. He is about to leave for Beijing.过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去某一时刻看将要发生的动作或存在的状态考点1 would/should/ was about to do 表示 这三种过去将来时表达法类似与一般将来时的用法1) They wanted to know when you would finish the article. 2) I wondered when we should go abroad.3) I was about to go to bed when he called me up.考点2 wa

40、s/were going to do 表示过去将要发生的动作。表示没有实现的情况“本打算”。1) Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained. 2) Betty asked me if there was going to be a concert that evening. 考点3 was/were to do：表示 表示对过去将来的安排。 如果过去将来时间的安排没有实现，则用was/were to have done 表示。（虚拟“本打算”）1)It was reported that another b

41、ridge was to be built across the Yangtze River. 2) I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu yesterday. 将来进行时考点 will/ shall be doing 表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? 表示将来某段时间正在进行的动作。Well be watching television all evening. 将来完成时将来完成时表示到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作。

42、强调动作的完成考点1 时间表达法 by the time + 一般现在时从句 by + 将来某一时间 We will have got a doctors degree by the end of next monthBy the time you go to San Francisco tomorrow, I shall have left for Asia.考点2 在时间，条件状语从句中，用现在完成时（代替将来完成时）表示从句动作先于主句发生或完成（即从句中的动作完成之后，开始主句中的动作）Perhaps Ill know more English after I have learnt is for two years.即学即练： (一) 单项选择1 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall.A eat B would eat C have eaten D will be eating2 - Guess what,