Unit6-现代大学英语第二版精读3.ppt

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1、R einforcementT ext AnalysisB ackgroundW arming upUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesUnit 6Warming upHow Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?Warming upDiscuss the following questions: What did you know about the drug problem before reading the essay

2、s? Why do you think people still take drugs in spite of the worldwide anti-drug campaigns? What do you know about the situation in China? Do you think the drug problem is serious? Side with one of the three authors and have a brief debate with your group members to see which author is more convincin

3、g. Questions/Activitiescannabiscocainestimulantsopiumheroinmorphinecrackdolantin“ice” “ecstasy”, XTC大麻可卡因兴奋剂鸦片海洛因吗啡快克度冷丁冰毒 摇头丸drug dependencedrug of abusedrug addictionabstinence syndromedrug addictinjecting drug user, IDUsnortingphysical dependencepsychic dependencephysiological dependencepsycholog

4、ical dependence药物依赖性药物依赖性滥用药物滥用药物毒瘾毒瘾戒断综合症戒断综合症吸毒者吸毒者注射毒品滥用者注射毒品滥用者 鼻吸鼻吸身体依赖性身体依赖性精神依赖性精神依赖性生理依赖性生理依赖性心理依赖性心理依赖性drug-seeking behaviordrug-taking behaviorcompulsive drug usepolydrug abusedetoxificationwithdrawalrehabilitationreintegration觅药行为觅药行为用药行为用药行为强迫性用药强迫性用药多药滥用多药滥用脱毒脱毒脱瘾脱瘾康复康复重返社会重返社会Internati

5、onal Narcotics Control Board, INCBUnited Nations International Drug Control Programme, UNDCPWorld Health Organization, WHOCommunity Epidemiology Work Group, CEWGAsian Multicity Epidemiology Work Group, AMEWG联合国国际麻醉品管制局 联合国国际禁毒计划署世界卫生组织美国社区药物滥用流行病学工作组亚洲多城市药物滥用流行病学工作组 1971年精神药物公约1988年联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药

6、物公约 中国药物依赖性研究所 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971 United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psycho tropic Substances, 1988 National Institute on Drug DependenceCheck-on PreviewDefine the underlined words: the simple beauty (para. 16) a social sanction (para. 26

7、)Paraphrase the following sentence: No one in Washington today recalls what happenedthe United States. (para. 6)Warming upObjectives Learn about the different solutions to the drug problem and understand the pros and cons of each of them.Compare the arguments and find out their logical premises and

8、fallacies.Learn how to argue coherently and convincingly by studying the techniques employed by the writers.Warming upBackgroundHistoryAuthorsUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?1. Gore Vidal prolific American novelist, and essayist political activist: Democratic- Liberal The war on drugs has

9、 nothing at all to do with drugs. It is part of an all-out war on the American people by a government interested only in control. Gore VidalBackground Authors “Probably no American writer since Franklin has derided, ridiculed, and mocked Americans more skillfully and more often than Vidal.” (Gordon

10、S. Wood, The New York Times, December 14, 2003) Gore Vidal was often pointedly controversial: he published comments on democracy, homosexuality, religion, and drug legalization.Background Authors2. Clarence Page columnist and member of the editorial board of the Chicago Tribune 1972 Pulitzer Prize f

11、or a Chicago Tribune Task Force series on voter fraud 1989 Pulitzer Prize for CommentaryBackgroundBackground Authors3. Charles Krauthammer a syndicated columnist: The Washington Post Writers Group political commentator physician conservative (neoconservative in foreign policy)BackgroundBackground Au

12、thorsCompare the three authors backgrounds and see if you can explain why they disagree with each other.BackgroundBackground Authors Prohibition in the United States (the Noble Experiment) 1840s, spearheaded by some religious denominations(宗派，教派） 1881, Kansas as the first to outlaw alcoholic beverag

13、es 1917, alcohol banned as mandated（委托统治） in the 18th Amendment to the Constitution 1919-1933, nation-wide movement, plagued by smuggling and bootlegging （非法制造贩卖） 1933, the 18th Amendment repealed by the 21st Amendment HistoryBackgroundText AnalysisEssay 1Essay 2Essay 3StructureDetailed AnalysisStru

14、ctureDetailed Analysis Detailed AnalysisStructureUnit 6How Do We Deal with the Drug Problem?What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Vidal? legalization rather than criminalizationWhat then are his main arguments? The right to be informed correctly (paras. 1-2)The right to choose (paras.

15、3-4)Sane people wont be addicted to drugs. (para. 5)A lesson from Prohibition (paras. 6-7)The government and the mafia have a vested interest in the criminalization of drugs. (paras. 8-10)Text Analysis Essay 1Structure of Essay 1The right to be informed sensiblyHow to inform people sensibly?Why will

16、 this require heroic honesty?1.Do you think this will work? heroinopiumecstasyspeediceText Analysis Essay 1Argument 1: DiscussionDrugs Gore Vidal understanding the language points2. we shall end up a race of Zombies. end up: to be in a particular place or state after doing sth. or because of doing i

17、tIf you dont mend your ways, youll end up a criminal / in jails.We didnt like it at first, but we ended up cheering. 他最终成了公司的主管人。He ended up (as) head of the firm. 我们原打算去欧洲旅行，但最终去了东南亚。We had planned to travel to Europe, but ended up in South-east Asia. Drugs Gore Vidal drug-related words and phrases

18、Drug-takerDrug addictDrug abuseA whiff of opiumDrug addictionmainlinerStamp outDrug pushersGet hooked onNext fixBureaucratic machine1. at cost (at cost price) Toms uncle is a car dealer and let him buy the car at cost. Cost+_ = selling price Translation 倾销是指用低于成本的价格进行销售，以将竞争对手赶出市场的行为。 Dumping is the

19、 selling below cost to drive competitors out of market. 实话和您说吧，这差不多是成本价了。 To tell you the truth, its almost at cost price.markupText Analysis Essay 1Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1)2. kick/break the habit (infml) to stop doing sth that has been a habit for a long time, esp. a bad or dangerous h

20、abit The center provides help for addicts who have kicked their habit and want to stay away from drugs. Alex has kicked cigarettes, heroin, and booze（暴饮）.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2)3. (just) for the record Just for the record, I didnt vote for him. For the record Id ju

21、st like to say that I totally disagree with this decision.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 1: Words and Expressions (3)27The right to choose To choose what?The precondition of this right? 1.Do you think that taking drugs belongs to this right? rightrightrightText Analysis Essay 1Argument 2: Discussion

22、end up I wondered where the pictures would end up after the auction. end up doing sth Most slimmers on crash diets end up putting weight back on. end up with Anyone who swims in the river could end up with a nasty stomach upset. end up as He could end up as President. end up like I dont want to end

23、up like my parents.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 2: Words and Expressions Sane people wont be addicted to drugs.Why?How to deal with people who are not sane enough?How can the forbidden fruit psychology apply to this argument?1.Do you agree with this argument?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 3: Discuss

24、ion1. it is too bad that it is a pity that It is too bad that the country had to go to war over the matter. 2. it is not too bad if It is not too bad if a man has some wild dreams. Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 3: Words and Expressions A lesson from ProhibitionWhats the lesson?Whats meant by “no pub

25、lic memory of anything that happened last Tuesday”?Why did the Congress feel it their “divine mission” to prohibit alcohol? 1.The result of Prohibition?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 4: Discussion1. sth is forbidden to sb 那时任何外国人都被禁止进入该地。 Entry to the place was then forbidden to all foreigners. 2. st

26、amp out 地方政府发动了一场运动来清除腐败。 The local government has made a drive to stamp out corruption. 3. have/feel contempt for 我对这种不诚实的行为只有蔑视。 I have/feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behaviors.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 4: Words and Expressions The government and the mafia have a vested interest

27、in the criminalization of drugs. How can this be? Why blame the government for the deaths?Why does the government have a vested interest in it?What is then Vidals real concern? The drug problem? Or individual freedom against government control?Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5: DiscussionDrugs Gore Vi

28、dal understanding the language points3. No one in Washington today recalls . No one in Washington today | recalls what happen during the years | alcohol was forbidden by a Congress | that thought is had a divine mission to stamp out Demon Rum | launching, in the process, the greatest crime wave in t

29、he countrys history, | causing thousands of deaths from bad alcohol, and | creating a general contempt among citizenry SubjectVerbObject Relative clauseRelative clausePresent participle phrase 1Present participle phrase 2Present participle phrase 31. get (sb) hooked on 根据最近的一份报告，八岁的小孩子就会吸海洛因成瘾。 Chil

30、dren as young as eight years old can get hooked on heroin, according to a recent report. 小伙子是很容易喜欢上这种音乐的。 Young men can easily get hooked on this kind of music.Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5: Words and Expressions (1)2. have a vested interest in (doing) sth 美国南北战争以前，要废除奴隶制很难，因为奴隶主有既得利益。 It was diff

31、icult to end the system of slavery before the Civil War because slave owners had a vested interest in keeping it. 莫娜离开公司对他有利。 He has a vested interest in Monas leaving the firm. Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5: Words and Expressions (2)wither away to die out or disappear gradually因为吸毒，她成为艺术家的希望逐渐幻灭。

32、 As a result of her drug addiction, her promise of becoming an artist withered away.上了年纪的人抱怨说，在这个自由社会里，老的价值观念正在逐渐消失。 Older people are complaining that the old values are withering away in this free society. Text Analysis Essay 1Argument 5: Words and Expressions (3)What is the solution to the drug pr

33、oblem offered by Page? Neither legalization nor criminalization will work. It is in fact a social problem.What then are his main arguments? Legalization is oversimplified: proponents arguments. (paras. 11-15)Legalizations failure: opponents arguments. (paras. 16-18)Criminalization is neither the rig

34、ht answer to this problem. (paras. 19-20)Text Analysis Essay 2Structure of Essay 2Legalization is oversimplified: proponents arguments. 1. common wisdom:remove _ pumped into the under-worldreduce _ attractiontake away _tax the sale and use money to _2. “deep thinkers”Kurt Schmoke: _Milton Friedman:

35、_immense profitsforbidden-fruitcriminal stigmabuild more treatment centersProhibition of drugs is bailing out the ocean with a teaspoon. Prohibition makes matters worse. Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1: Fill in the BlanksPara.11: Unfortunately, legalization sounds too good to be true.Para.12: It sou

36、nds good because it is simplePara.13: Deep thinkersPara.15: He was not alone in his sentiments.Para.16: The simplicityUnfortunately, the simple beautyhas an ugly gaping hole.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1: Transition1. Satire/Irony: If you cant win the game, change the rules. deliciously convenient

37、 Deep thinkers2. Understatement: sounds too good to be true and probably is. Quotation from authority: 3. para.15,18Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1: Writing Techniques1. pumpinto to put a large amount of sth into, usu. at a high rate 特区政府未来五年在旅游业投入18亿美元以振兴不景气的经济。 The SAR Government will pump $1.8 bi

38、llion into the tourist industry over the next five years to help revive the sagging economy. 在考试前她极力向他灌输一些知识. She tried to pump some facts into his head before the examination. Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1: Words and Expressions (1)2. bail out to remove water; to help sb out of trouble, esp. fina

39、ncial problems 我们不能指望政府帮助所有的亏损公司摆脱困境。 We cant expect the government to bail out all the failing companies. be alone in (doing) sth 不是只有我一个人这么认为。 I am not alone in thinking so.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 1: Words and Expressions (2)Legalizations failure: opponents arguments 1. What do the following

40、 people say?Prof. James Q. WilsonWilliam Bennett2. Interesting comparison: paras. 16 & 18Do you find anything worth noting?What does your finding suggest for our own essay writing?Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 2: Discussion1. the beauty of sth The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.2. reb

41、uttal make a rebuttal of They made a clause-by-clause rebuttal of the letter.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 2: Words and ExpressionsCriminalization is neither the right answer to this problem. Then what is the answer according to the author?The quick fix is illusory becauseThe slow fix is illusory be

42、causeText Analysis Essay 2Argument 3: Discussionmagic bullet Theres no magic bullet for school reform. quick fix Theres no quick fix for stopping pollution. Congress is trying to avoid quick-fix solutions.Text Analysis Essay 2Argument 3: Words and ExpressionsQuestions for DiscussionAccording to the

43、author, what is the ultimate cause of the drug problem? Do you agree? Does the author propose a possible solution to the drug problem? What solutions can you propose? Text Analysis Essay 2What is the solution to the drug problem offered by Krauthammer? Deglamorization. Drug problem can only be solve

44、d culturally.What then are his main arguments? Is legalization a good solution? (paras. 21-26)What should we do? (paras. 27-31)Conclusion: four solutions. (para. 32)Text Analysis Essay 3Structure of Essay 3Is legalization a good solution?1. Whats the authors attitude towards legalization on the foll

45、owing issues? drug law enforcement comparison: illegal drugs vs. alcohol relationship between legalization and drug use2. Is legalization a good solution?Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 1: Discussion1. to boot in addition; too; furthermore It was a long film and an uninteresting one to boot. 2. dwarf

46、to be so big that other things are made to seem very small Shakespeare dwarfs other dramatists.3. be here to stay To legalize other drugs is to declare that the rest of the pharmacy is here to stay too.Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 1: Words and Expressions 卡特尔 （cartel） 由一系列生产类似产品的独立企业所构成的组织，集体行动的生产者

47、，目的是提高该类产品价格和控制其产量。根据美国反托拉斯法，卡特尔属于非法。 卡特尔是垄断组织形式之一。生产或销售某一同类商品的企业，为垄断市场，获取高额利润，通过在商品价格、产量和销售等方面订立协定而形成的同盟。参加这一同盟的成员在生产、商业和法律上仍然保持独立性。 亨弗莱亨弗莱德弗瑞斯特德弗瑞斯特鲍嘉鲍嘉（1899年年12月月25日日-1957年年1月月14日），日），美国美国男演员。男演员。1942年凭借年凭借在在卡萨布兰卡卡萨布兰卡中出色的表演获得奥斯卡中出色的表演获得奥斯卡最佳男演员奖提名；最佳男演员奖提名；1951年凭借年凭借非洲女王非洲女王号号获得获得奥斯卡最佳男主角奖奥斯卡最佳男

48、主角奖。 1999年，被年，被美国电影学院美国电影学院评为电影诞生评为电影诞生100年以来最伟大年以来最伟大的男演员。的男演员。 What should we do?1. Why does the author mention smoking?changed image of smokers?measures taken?2. We should do the same to drugsattitude towards the “Just Say No to Drugs” campaign?What does he mean by “cracking down hard on users”?T

49、ext Analysis Essay 3Argument 2: Discussion1. project to try to make people see sth in a particular way 他的第一项任务就是塑造格拉斯哥友好城市的形象。 His first job is to project Glasgow as a friendly city. 2. crack down (hard) on to be strict in making a group of people obey rules or laws 他们正在严厉查处酒后驾车。 They are cracking d

50、own hard on drunk driving. Text Analysis Essay 3Argument 2: Words and Expressions (1)3. enough to go around enough to be shared among a group or to do all the things needed Eventually, we will not have enough water to go around. Are there enough books to go around the whole class? 4. impose sanction