九年级英语复习句法（一）人教四年制.doc

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1、九年级英语复习句法一人教四年制版【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：复习句法一二. 重、难点：一句法内容概述：句法主要研究句子的成分，语序以及句子的种类、类型等内容。句子的成分：根据词汇在句子中的不同作用，英语句子主要含有以下六个成分，主语、谓语、表语、定语、状语、宾语。句子的种类：根据英语句子所示的不同功用，它们可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感慨句四个种类。句子的类型：根据句子的内部语法结构，英语句子又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句三大类型。二句子及句子种类：1. 句子及其特征：1句子：句子是一个语言单位，它由一组词或一个词按一定语法规律排列而成表示一个完整独立的意思。如：We study C

2、hinese , maths , English and other lessons .我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他功课。2英语句子的特征： 必须具有比拟完整的意思，一定的语法结构和一定的语调。 句子开头第一个字母必须大写。 句子末尾必须有句号.、问号?或感慨号!，三者必有一个。 2. 句子种类：1英语句子的分类：英语的句子一般可按以下两种方式分类：2陈述句：用来说明事实或陈述说话人的看法的句子，叫做陈述句。陈述句又分为肯定式和否认式两种。陈述句通常用降调来读，并在句末加句号.。 陈述句的肯定式。陈述句的肯定式一般使用“主语+谓语的顺装语序。如：Mr. Fat was very rich .

3、 胖先生很富。Uncle Wang likes making things . 王叔叔喜欢制作东西。 陈述句的否认式：陈述句可以是主动语态，或被动语态的多种时态的句子，也能带有情态动词，其否认式主要用以下两种结构来表达。 如果句子的谓语动词是to be，to have或者谓语动词含助动词，情态动词，在它们的后面加not，即构成否认式。如：They are not our books . 它们不是我们的书。Mary was not writing a letter to her friend last night .玛丽昨晚没在给她的朋友写信。It will not be rainy tomor

4、row . 明天不会有雨。I havent been to America . 我没去过美国。 如果句子的谓语动词是行为动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词，那么在谓语动词之前加do not第三人称单数现在时为does not，过去时为did not来构成否认式。如：I dont like meat at all . 我一点儿也不喜欢肉。She didnt bring me her photo . 她没给我带来相片。注意：A. not和no都可以构成否认结构。但在其结构中，not后面可以跟any，no不可以跟any，含有no的句子谓语动词要用肯定式，因为no等于not any。如：I have

5、not any paper .= I have no paper我没有纸。They are not any boys in the classroom .= There are no boys in the classroom .教室里没有男孩。B. not anything和nothing都可以构成否认结构，但nothing要跟肯定式谓语动词，nothing等于not anything。如：Cant you smell anything ? 你不能闻到一点味道吗？I can smell nothing . 我一点味道也闻不到。Is there anything wrong with the

6、radio ? 这台收音机出了毛病吗？There is nothing wrong with the radio . 这台收音机没毛病。C. 在运用do，does，did助动词时，必须注意它们一般不与表示否认的或局部否认的词，如never从来不，hardly几乎不，nothing没有东西等连用。如：He never speaks Japanese . 他从来不讲日语。She never came to the party . 她从不参加聚会。He never answered my letters . 他从不给我回信。I hardly knew him . 我不太认识他。I have noth

7、ing to say about it . 关于这件事我没有什么可说的。但是强调时就例外了。如：He never did like maths . 他从来就不喜欢数学。did在这里没有意义，只起强调动词like的作用3疑问句：用来提出问题的句子，叫做疑问句，疑问句有四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句及反意疑问句。所有疑问句句末必须有问号?。 一般疑问句：以动词be，have或助动词、情态动词开头，以yes或no作答复的问句叫一般疑问句。一般疑问句一般读升调。如：Are you a doctor ? 你是医生吗？Was he here a week ago ? 一星期以前他在这儿吗？Hav

8、e you any magazines ? 你有杂志吗？Does your father know English ? 你父亲懂英语吗？May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？说明：一般疑问句可以用完整的句子答复，但在大多数情况下只需简略答复。如：Yes , I am . No , he wasnt . Yes , we have . No , he doesnt .等在实际运用中，一般疑问句还有否认式。否认式的结构有二： 把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。Are you not students ? 用not的简略式-nt同一般疑问句句首的be，have，情态动词或助动词连写。Ar

9、ent you students ? 第二种结构通常用得较多。注意：在英语中，一般疑问句否认结构的答句是肯定还是否认，完全由事实上的肯定、否认或答复者的态度所决定。肯定答句要用Yes+肯定结构，否认答句要有No+否认结构，这与汉语有很大不同。如： Is she not a driver ? Yes , she is . 她不是驾驶员吗？ 不，她是的。 Isnt she a driver ? No , she isnt . 难道她不是驾驶员吗？ 是的，她不是。 特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what，who，whom，whose，which或疑问副词when，where，how，why放在句首提问的句子

10、，叫做特殊疑问句。它的答句要针对问句中的疑问词来答复，不能用Yes或No开头。特殊疑问句用降调来读。如：Whats your name ? 你叫什么名字？Whomare you waiting for ? 你在等谁？Whose bike do you want to borrow ? 你想借谁的自行车？Where did you lose your handbag ? 你在哪儿丧失手提包的？How soon will your father come back ? 你父亲要过多久才回来？How long did you stay in Beijing ? 你在待了多长时间？How much m

11、oney do you want ? 你要多少钱？注意： 特殊疑问句的语序多数情况下和一般疑问句是一样的，只是疑问词和它修饰的名词或形容词放在句首而己。如：When does Tom get up ? 汤姆什么时候起床？比拟：Does Tom get up at six ? 如果疑问词在特殊疑问句中充当主语或者修饰主语，句子的结构必须用陈述句语序。如：Who has taken away my red pencil ? 谁拿走了我的红铅笔？Who lives in the next room ? 谁住在隔壁？What is in the box ? 盒子里是什么？Whose mother wo

12、rks in this university ? 谁的妈妈在这所大学工作？ 选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上的情况，问对方选择哪一种的问句，叫做选择疑问句。这种疑问句要求用完整的句子答复。读说选择疑问句时，or前面的问句用升调，后面的问句用降调。选择疑问句的结构是：一般疑问句+or+经过省略的一般疑问句。如：Shall I go with you or will you go alone ? 我和你一起去，还是你一个人去？Would you like coffee or tea ? 你想要咖啡还是茶？Does she like the blue one or the red one ? 她喜欢蓝

13、颜色的那个，还是红颜色的那个？Which language do you want to learn , French or Russian ?你们想学哪种语言，法语还是俄语？ 反意疑问句：提问的人对自己的看法不能完全肯定，需要问一下加以证实，这时使用的问句叫反意疑问句。反意疑问句由一个陈述句与一个简短的问句两局部构成，中间用逗号分开，如果前一局部即陈述句为肯定式，后一局部即简短问句用否认式；反之，如果前一局部为否认式，那么后一局部用肯定式。前后两者的谓语在人称数，时态上都要一致，在读说时，反意疑问句的前一局部总是用降调，后一局部可升可降。如果提问者对前一局部陈述的事实有把握时用降调，无把握时

14、可用升调。如：Li Ming is your classmate , isnt he ? 李明是你的同班同学，是吗？You have been to the West Lake , havent you ? 你们去过西湖，是吗？You like music very much , dont you ? 你非常喜欢音乐，是吗？注意：因为英汉两种语言的表达习惯不同，所以，对反意疑问句的答复要予以特别注意。同答复否认结构的一般疑问句一样，反意疑问句的肯定与否认，完全根据事实的本身而定。如：You saw him yesterday , didnt you ? 你昨天看见过他，是吗？Yes , I d

15、id . 对，我看见过他。No , I didnt . 不，我没看见过他。You dont have any friends here , do you ? 你在这儿没有朋友，是吗？Yes , I do . 不，我有的。No , I dont . 是的，我没有。在使用反意疑问句时，还应注意以下问题： 疑问局部所用的助动词、情态动词及其时态，必须与陈述局部保持一致。如：He came late , didnt he ? 他来晚了，是吗？ 动词have表示除了“有以外的其他含义时，疑问局部通常只用do的适当形式。如：You had a good time last Sunday , didnt y

16、ou ? 上星期天你玩得愉快，是吧？ 陈述局部出现表示否认意义的某些词，如：never，seldom，hardly，few，little，nobody，no one，nothing等时，疑问句局部须用肯定式。如：He hardly writes to you , does he ? 他几乎不给你写信，是吗？ 陈述局部里含有have to的适当形式时，疑问局部用do的适当形式。如：He has to get there on time , doesnt he ? 他得按时到那儿，是吗？ 陈述局部是there be句型，疑问局部用there，省略主语代词。如：Theres something wr

17、ong with your watch , isnt there ?你的手表出了毛病了，是吗？ 陈述局部用everything或nothing作主语，疑问局部的主语用it。如：Nothing can stop us , can it ? 什么也阻挡不了我们，对吗？ 陈述局部用everybody，everyone，somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one等不定代词作主语时，疑问句局部的主语用they，但有时用he。nobody，no one作主语，具有否认概念。如：Everyone knows the answer , dont they / d

18、oesnt he ? 人人都知道这个答案，是吗？ 陈述局部是“I am 时，疑问局部常用“arent I，代替“am not I。如：I am late , arent I ? 我迟到了，是吗？ 当反意疑问句以祈使句开头时疑问局部用will you；以lets开头时，疑问局部用shall we，使语言更加委婉。如：Open the window , willwontyou ? 翻开窗子好吗？不好吗？Let us do it again , will you ? 让我们再做一次，好吗？us仅指问话人Lets go together , shall we ? 让我们一起去，好吗？lets包括问话人

19、和答话人 当动词不定式短语作主语时，疑问局部的主语用it。如：To say it is easier than to do it , isnt it ? 说比做容易，是吗？ 当陈述局部含有情态动词must时，must表示“必须，疑问局部用mustnt；must表示“有必要，疑问局部那么用neednt；must表示“推测，疑问局部一般不用情态动词，而和情态动词后的助动词或实义动词一致。如：We must obey the order , mustnt we ? 我们必须服从命令，对吧？You must go back right now , neednt you ? 你有必要马上回去吗？He m

20、ust be in the classroom , isnt he ? 他一定在教室里，对吗？ 陈述局部用youd better，疑问局部用hadnt you。如：Youd better put on your coat , hadnt you ? 你最好穿上你的外衣，行不行？ 陈述局部假设是含有宾语从句的复合句，疑问局部要和主句中的动词及主语保持一致。如：He never said he would leave here , did he ?他从来没说他将离开这儿，是吗？注意：陈述局部假设是“I dont thinkbelieve，suppose +宾语从句时，疑问局部中的动词及主语代词那么

21、应和宾语从句中的动词及主语保持一致，而且要用肯定形式。如：I dont think he can finish the work , can he ?我认为他不能完成那项工作，对不对？ 陈述局部是感慨句，疑问局部动词用be。如：What an interesting story , isnt it ? 这是一个多么有趣有故事，是不是？【模拟试题】答题时间：55分钟第一局部 选择题一. 单项选择：1. If there is a big football match , several will watch the traffic .A. hundreds policesB. hundred p

22、oliceC. hundred policesD. hundreds police2. I have four cousins . One is lawyer , is an artist , are workers .A. the other , the othersB. another , othersC. another , the others D. the other , others 3. Two weeks is not enough for me to finish the work . I need week . A. the other B. a third C. the

23、third D. other4. Wu Li watched TV play too much . a result , he failed his exam . A. For , in B. For , for C. As , D. As , at 5. We were just ready to play football it began to rain . A. after B. as soon as C. when D. before6. I had some medicine last night . Now I am feeling to go to work . A. good

24、 enough B. enough well C. well enough D. enough good 7. Weve finished the final exams . Lets have a wonderful day . A. just B. never C. ever D. yet8. Whats population of China ? China has population of 1.2 billion . A. the ; the B. a ; a C. a ; the D. the ; a 9. Im sorry we havent seen each other fo

25、r years . I cant your name at the moment . A. think of B. think about C. think over D. think out 10. If I four minutes , I everything ready .A. give ; will get B. give ; get C. will be given ; will get D. am given ; will get 11. Jim the classroom until the teacher came back . He until five oclock .A

26、. left ; didnt stayB. didnt leave ; stayed C. didnt stay in ; left D. left ; stayed 12. The woman is lucky enough to have many people her with her work . A. to help B. helping C. helped D. help 13. She didnt tell me .A. which room did he live inB. which floor he lived onC. which room he livedD. he l

27、ived in which house 14. Youd better do it your mother did . A. when B. as C. like D. because 15. This is I wanted .A. which B. the one what C. the one D. one which 二. 完型填空：Building a house is an operation which costs quite a lot of money . Suppose you plan to 1 a house , your first step is to find a

28、 suitable piece of 2 . You will probably try to find a sunny place , in a 3 situation , near stores and bus stops , not too far from your friends and the place where you work .Next you will find an 4 builder , and together with the builder you will work out a 5 . The builder will draw the plan . The

29、 builder will also 6 the cost of your house . He will estimate估计the cost of the wood , the glass , and everything else that he must use in building the house . Later on , when he starts to build , this estimate must 7 , because the prices may 8 , and many other things may happen between the time whe

30、n he makes the estimate and the time when he builds the house . 9 the builder gives you his estimate , you may wish to change your plan . You may find that some of the things you wanted at first cost too much , or that you can 10 a little more and add something to your original plan . 1. A. buildB.

31、setC. buyD. find 2. A. playgroundB. placeC. landD. floor 3. A. cheerfulB. newC. pleasedD. pleasant 4. A. excitedB. experiencedC. interestedD. bored 5. A. mapB. planC. decisionD. discussion 6. A. find outB. carry onC. work out D. come up with 7. A. be correctedB. be correctC. correctD. corrected 8. A

32、. swapB. influenceC. suggestD. change 9. A. WhenB. WhileC. UntilD. Even if 10. A. costB. spendC. takeD. pay for 三. 阅读理解：A“ Ordinary was the worst word my mother could find for anything . Whenever she took me out for shopping , I found she wouldnt listen to the shop assistants when they suggested tha

33、t some dresses or pairs of shoes were the top sellers : “ Weve sold fifty already this week , madam . “ No , she would say , “ We are not interested in it . Havent you got something a little more unusual ? And then the assistant would bring out all the strange colours no one else would buy . And lat

34、er she and I would disagree with each other what to buy .“ I cant stand that hairstyle , She said when I went to the hairdresser with my friend and came back with a boy-haircut , “ Its so terribly common . Not ugly but very often to be seen . “ Couldnt you please wear something else ? I asked one da

35、y when she was dressing for Parents Day in tight-fitting trousers and a bright pink sweater .“ Whats wrong with what Im wearing ? Mum looked into my eyes .“ Its just that I wish youd better wear something else . I said , “ something that people wont laugh at . She looked at me for a while , “ Dont y

36、ou think that Im losing your face ? she said seriously . “ If you do , Mary , I feel sorry for you . 1. What did the shop assistants expect Mum to buy ?A. Something very popular .B. Style they have sold out of .C. Clothes that were cheap .D. The most unusual clothes .2. What does Marys mother mean b

37、y “ ordinary ? A. ugly B. common C. popular D. unusual 3. When Mary had her hair cut in a boy hairstyle , her mother .A. felt happy with it B. disliked it very much C. told her to change it D. thought it was childish 4. Why did Mary ask her mother to change clothes on Parents Day ?A. Her Mums clothe

38、s were out of style .B. She didnt like a bright pink sweater .C. She didnt like Mum to dress that way .D. She didnt like others to look at Mum .5. What does the writer think of Marys mother ?A. Foolish . B. Strange . C. Kind-hearted . D. Unusual .BThere are stock markets股市in large cities in many cou

39、ntries . Stock markets in Paris , London , Tokyo , Shanghai and New York are among the largest and most well-known . The stock market also called stock exchange交易所, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or company . And each share means certain ownership所有权of a factory or compa

40、ny .Different people go to stock markets . Some are rich , who want to get more money than they have . Others are not very rich , who buy stocks to try to become rich . Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money .Of course , investing投资money in a stock market is not the safest way t

41、o make money . No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well . The factory or company may do badly . The stock will go down , and the investors will lose money . The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons . Everyone wants the stock to go up , but sometimes even if a f

42、actory or company does a good job , the stock may still go down .No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling赌博. All are eager to make money by “ gambling in the stock market . Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to “ gamble . Inde

43、ed , the stock market is an attractive有吸引力的and complex part of the business world .6. If you are a good investor , you in the stock market .A. can always make money B. may sometimes lose money C. your gambling is always safe D. can tell exactly when the stock goes up or down 7. The passage mainly wa

44、nts to tell us .A. ABC of stock markets B. How to buy or sell shares C. The stock market is like gambling D. Investing money in the stock market is not the safest way 8. Which of the following is NOT right ?A. The stock market is like gambling .B. People buy or sell stocks in the hope of marking mon

45、ey .C. People who are not rich may become rich by buying or selling stocks .D. The stock will always go up if factory or company does a good job .9. Factories and companies are pleased that so many people like “ gambling because .A. they can make them rich B. some people won and some lose C. they need their money to do business D. they need more people to work for them 10. The word “ complex in the last sentence prob