初一英语寒假专题（一）牛津.doc

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1、初一英语寒假专题一牛津版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题一教学过程一、时间的表达一整点的表达：oclock 前用数字或文字均可。文字更正式，数字更鲜明，如：6点- 6 oclock -six oclock8点- 8 oclock -eight oclock二非整点表达的两种方法：时分6：30six thirty7：45seven forty-five8：01eight O one 注意：用“时分的方式表示时间，后面决不可有oclock。分past时 ：表示“几点几分，不超过半小时 包括半小时half 分to 时 ：表示超过半小时的“几点差几分一刻四十五分用quarter如：一点一刻：

2、a quarter past one one fifteen两点半： half past two two thirty三点四十五分：a quarter to four three forty-five七点二十： twenty past seven seven twenty九点四十： twenty to ten nine fortya. m. in the morning 如：上午九点： 9 a. m. 9：00 a. m. nine a. m. p. m. in the afternoon二、频度副词一频度副词在句中的位置。频度副词在句中习惯上位于be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。如： 1.

3、 She is often late for school. 她上学经常迟到。2. He usually goes to bed at about 12. 他通常午夜十二点钟睡觉。3. When do you usually get up in the morning? 早上你通常什么时候起床？sometimes是个特殊的频度副词，既可以放在be动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前，也可以放在句首，还可以放在句尾。如： 1. I sometimes think that it is a great mistake. 我有时想这是一个大错。2. Sometimes I help my mother i

4、n the house. 有时候我帮助妈妈做家务。often可以放在句中，也可放在句尾，习惯上不放在句首。如： We have been there quite often. 我们经常到那儿去。这些频度副词的位置与句中谓语动词有无助动词有关。句中没有助动词时，副词置于动词be之后，其它动词之前。二表示频度方面的区别。always是频度最大的词，意为“总是；永远。如： I shall always remember my first day at school. 我将永远记住我上学的第一天。usually意为“通常，即很少例外，频度仅次于always。如： What do you usually

5、 have for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么？often意为“经常，在频度上不如usually那么频繁。如：Li Ping often does his homework in the afternoon. 李平经常在下午做作业。sometimes意为“有时候，频度比often小，表示动作偶尔发生，间断较大。如：1. I sometimes go to the library. 我有时去图书馆。2. Sometimes I read a book in the evening. 我有时在晚上看书。3. A great scholar is not always a very wi

6、se man. 大学者未必一定是极聪明的人。4. We go to the cinema sometimes. 三、冠词一概述：冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词那么表示名词为特定者，表示“这，“那，“这些，“那些的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用二a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音不是辅音字母开头的词前，an用于元音不是元音字母开头的词前。例如：a boy，a university，a Eur

7、opean country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella三不定冠词的用法1. 泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的根本用法。2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3. 表示数量，有“一的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4. 表示“每一，相当于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天课。5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一，“再一。例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one. 我已经有三

8、本书，我想买第四本。6. 用在某些固定词组中：a lotof许多，大量；after a while过一会儿四定冠词的用法1. 特指某些人或某些物，这是定冠词的根本用法。2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window，please. 请翻开窗户。3. 指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red. 我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4. 指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5. 用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：The first lesso

9、n is the easiest one in this book. 第一课是这本书中最简单的一课。6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the Great Wall 长城，the United States美国7. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如：the poor穷人，the blind盲人8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人或“夫妻俩。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9. 用在方位词前。例如：on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10. 用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day. 她每天弹钢

10、琴。11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangtze River长江12. 用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外五零冠词的用法1. 在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Class Two二班，Ti

11、anan Men Square天安门广场，water水2. 可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my，your，his，her等、指示代词this/these，that/those、不定代词some，any等及所有格限制时。例如my book正；my the book误3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。Tigers like meat. 老虎喜欢吃肉。4. 在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Womens Day在妇女节特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，那么要加定冠词：He joined the Army i

12、n the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季参军。5. 在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6. 在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day. 特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football. 我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？指足球，并非“球类运动7. 在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，等之前。例如：No. 25 Middle School8. 某些固定词组中不用冠词。1与by连

13、用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词2名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处3介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on tim

14、e准时；for example例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上4go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼六用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在外部的前面/in the front of在内部的前面t

15、ake place发生/take the placeof代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来go to schoolchurch上学做礼拜/go to the schoolchurch到教堂去on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人共计两人out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的next year明年/the n

16、ext year 第二年【典型例题】例1. He gave my sister useful book yesterday. A. anB. aC. / D the答案：B useful的第一个音素为ju 应选B。例2. My brother is honest boy, so he has many friends. A. a B. anC. the D /答案：B honest 的第一个音素为元音。例3. More college graduates would like to work in west part of country next year. A. the; the B. /

17、; /C. /; the D. a; /答案：A 方位名词前加the，in the west part；由句意可知为第二年，即the next year。例4. There is a big tree the house. A. in the front of B. in front of C. in front D. at class答案：B 由句意可知是物体外部的前面。例5. Jim always answers the teachers questions _. A. in class B. in the class C. after class D. at class答案：【模拟试题】

18、答题时间：30分钟一、单项填空1. There is _ apple on the desk. A. a B. the C. an D. /2. The girl under _ tree is my sister. A. a B. the C. an D. /3. Mary is from _ USA. A. a B. the C. an D. /4. He met _ friend of his on the road. A. a B. the C. an D. /5. Mr Black will go back to England_. A. by air B. by a planeC.

19、 by trains D. at a train6. Yesterday I went to work on foot. A. /，/ B. /，theC. the，/ D. the，the7. There is “hin the word “hour，but “hdoesnt make a sound. A. a，a B. a，the C. the，an D. an. the8. Im going to see my mother. She is ill _. A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospita

20、l9. We have three meals day. We have breakfast at 6：30 in morning every day. A. the，the，theB. the，/，theC. a，/，the D. a，the，the10. This is film Ive told you about several times. Its great. Ive never seen _ more moving one. A. a，a B. the，the C. the，a D. a，the11. Tina，could you please play piano for me

21、 while Im singing？With pleasure. A. a B. an C. the D. /12. I want to try again. Please give me third chance again. A. a B. theC. an D. /13. Whats the matter with you？I caught bad cold and had to stay in bed. A. a; / B. a; theC. a; a D. the; the 14. sun is shining brightly. A. A B. AnC. The D. / 15.

22、Swimming is in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun 二、阅读理解The students were having their chemistry化学class. Miss Li was telling the children what water was like. After that, she asked her students, “Whats water？No one spoke for a few minutes. Miss Li asked again, Why dont

23、you answer my question？Didnt I tell you what water is like？Just then a boy put up his hand and said, Miss Li, you told us that water has no colour and no smell. But where to find such kind of water？The water in the river behind my house is always black and it has a bad smell. Most of the children ag

24、reed with him. “Im sorry, children. said the teacher, “Our water is getting dirtier and dirtier. Thats a problem. 1. The students were having their _ class. A. EnglishB. ChineseC. chemistryD. maths2. Miss Li was telling the children what _ was like. A. waterB. airC. earthD. weather3. A boy said, “Th

25、e water in the river behind my house is always _. A. whiteB. blackC. cleanD. clear4. Most of the children _ the boy. A. agreed withB. wrote toC. heard fromD. sent for5. The water in the river has colour and smell because it is getting _. A. more and moreB. less and lessC. cleaner and cleanerD. dirtier and dirtier【试题答案】一、单项填空15 CBBAA 610 ADACC 1115 CAACB二、阅读理解1. C 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. D