（整理版高中英语）Unit1Friendship同步讲解.doc

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1、Unit1 Friendship同步讲解I同步讲解局部：第一阶梯：难句解析1.What should a good friend be like? 好朋友应该是什么样子的呢？Whatbe like?用于询问对人或事物的评价。既可询问该事物的外表长相，也可询问该事物的性格特征。e.g. 1)-What is your sister like? -She is very beautiful.你的姐姐是什么样的？她很漂亮。 2)-What is your English teacher like? -He is very kind. 3)-What is this map like? -Very u

2、seful.这张地图怎么样？很有用。【相关比拟】1What does sb. look like? 询问某人的外表如何？注意：此句型不能用于询问某人的性格特征2What does sb. like? 询问某人喜欢什么？3How does sb. like ? 认为如何？询问对某人或某事的印象或评价e.g.1)-What does your boyfriend like? -Very handsome.你的男朋友长的什么样？很潇洒。 2)-What does your father like? -Reading newspapers.你父亲喜欢什么？看报纸。 3)-How do you like

3、 this film? -Very interesting.你认为这场电影如何？很有趣。2.What qualities should a good friend have? 一个好朋友应该具有什么样的品质呢？quality的用法：1 .(人的)品质e.g. She has all the qualities of a successful manager.她具有一个成功经理的所有品质。2.un.质量与quantity数量相对)While buying something, quality is the first thing that we should consider.买东西时，我们应该

4、首先考虑它的质量。 2)Quality is more important than quantity.质量比数量更重要。3 .特点，特征e.g. The quality of summer is hotness while the quality of winter is coldness.夏天的特点是热，而冬天的特点是冷。3.Should they be funny,smart or strong? 他们应该是有趣，聪明和健壮的吗？【相关比拟】funny和funfunny是形容词，意为“滑稽的，好笑的；fun是不可数名词，意为“有趣的人或事。e.g.1)Is there anything

5、funny about it?这件事情有什么稀奇的吗？ 2)It is fun to chat with a funny boy.和滑稽的男孩闲聊是一件有趣的事情。【短语搭配】2.make fun of取笑e.g.1)We play basketball only for fun. 2)It is not right to make fun of the disabled persons.4.You can use other words if you like.如果你愿意的话你可以用其它的词(表达)。此句中,if you like=if you like to use other words

6、.如果意思明确，like用于从句时，其后的成分可以全部省略。e.g.1)You can go home now if you like.如果愿意，你现在可以回家。 2)You can describe as you like.你愿意怎么描述就怎么描述。5.A good friend is someone who makes me happy. 好朋友是使我快乐的人。who makes me happy是定语从句，修饰先行词someone. who代替先行词，在从句中充当主语。e.g.1)Do you know the man who is standing there?你知道站在哪里的那个男士

7、是谁吗？ 2)The woman who is quarrelling with that man is the mans wife.和那个男的吵架的女士是这个男的妻子。make的用法：make 用作使役动词时，用于以下句型：make+宾语+宾补adj./n./do/done/介词短语be made to do(注意：在被动句中不能省略不定式符合to)e.g.1)All of us should try our best to make our motherland better and better.我们都应该努力奋斗使我们的祖国越来越好。 2)We make you monitor of

8、our class.我们选你当我们班的班长。 3)After repairing,we make our car run again.经过修理之后，我们又让汽车跑起来了。 4)I spoke in a high voice in order to make myself heard. 为了使我能被别人听到，我大声的说。 5)The lazy boy was made to clean the room. 这个懒男孩被迫去清扫房间。6.Listen to the two friends arguing.听一下这两个朋友的争论。感观动词listen to,hear,see,watch,look a

9、t,notice,observe,feel等的句型如下：1.感观动词宾语do强调动作的全过程2.感观动词宾语doing(强调动作正在进行)3.感观动词宾语done(表示动作与宾语是被动关系)e.g.1)I heard my neighbour singing now. 我听到我的邻居正在唱歌。 2)The thief was seen stealing in my house when I came back.当我回来时看到小偷正在我的房子里偷盗。 3)I felt something fall on my head.我感到有东西掉在我的头上。 4)I noticed the windows

10、cleaned. 我注意到窗户被擦干净了。argue的用法：1.argue(vt.)+n./从句2.argue(vi.)+with sb. (about /over sth.)和某人争论某事3.argue for/against为支持/反对而争辩e.g.1)Some students are arguing with the math teacher with a very difficult problem. 2)I argued my father into giving up smoking. 我说服父亲戒烟。 3)The two manager are arguing the econ

11、omic development of their companies. 两位经理正在谈论他们公司的经济开展。7.What do you think they should do to solve their problem?你认为他们如何才能解决他们的问题？do you think后面宾语从句的引导词what,who,when,where等需要提到句首。和do you think用法相同的有：do you suppose/do you imagine/do you believe等。e.g.1)When do you think we should set off? 你认为我们应该什么时候出

12、发？ 2)Where do you suppose I can find my English teacher?8.I dont enjoy singing, nor I like computers.我既不喜欢唱歌，也不喜欢电脑。enjoy后接名词或动名词doing而不能接不定式。和enjoy用法类似的有：finish,practise,mind,miss,escape,imagine,advise,allow,consider(作“考虑解时)等。e.g.1)All of us enjoy reading English novels. 我们都喜欢读英语小说。 2)Would you min

13、d my opening the window? 你介意我翻开窗户吗？ 3)The luck dog escaped being killed. 这个幸运的狗逃脱了被杀的厄运。 4)Little Tom is imagining traveling on the moon. 小汤姆正在想象在月球上旅行。 5)They are practicing singing. 他们正在练习唱歌。 6)The poor boy who got away from home yesterday is considering going home now. 昨天离家出走的可怜男孩现在正在考虑回家。nor意为 “

14、也不，放在句首引起倒装。句型为：Neither/Nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语。e.g.1)He cant speak French, neither can his wife. 他不会说法语，他的妻子也不会说。 2)The manager didnt attend the meeting, nor did the secretary. 经理没有参加会议，秘书也没参加。 3)We are not defeated by SARS, nor are they. 我们没有被SARS击败，他们也没有被击败。9.I hate hiking and Im not into classical mus

15、ic.我讨厌徒步旅行，对古典音乐也没有兴趣。be into意为“对感兴趣；热衷于。e.g.1)I am into music.我对音乐很感兴趣。 2)My wife isnt into cooking.我妻子对烹饪不感兴趣。10.I dont enjoy reading too much.我不太喜欢读书。【相关比拟】too much和much too 的区别：too much可以用作代词，形容词或副词，在句子中可以充当主语，宾语，表语，定语或状语。作定语时，too much+不可数名词。too many+可数名词。e.g.1)Dont eat too much. Its bad for you

16、. 不要吃太多东西，对你身体不好。too much 作宾语 2)Too much remains to be done. 仍有许多事情要做。too much作主语 3)The man must have drunk too much beer yesterday. 这个男的昨天肯定喝了很多啤酒。too much作定语 4)The history teacher talked a great deal too much.much too是副词性短语，在句子中作状语。后接形容词或副词。e.g.1)The story the old man told was much too short. 老人讲的

17、这个故事太短了。 2)The young boy ran too much quickly. 这个小男孩跑得太快了。11.I think that rock music is too loud,and I think that football is boring.我认为摇滚音乐太吵闹，而且足球太无聊。【相关比拟】boring和bored的区别：两个词都是形容词。boring意为“让人乏味的，无聊的。多修饰事物；bored意为“自己感到乏味的，无聊的。多修饰人。e.g.1)The boring story made us bored.这个乏味的故事使我们感到无聊。 2)Are you bore

18、d after hearing the boring news? 听了这个乏味的消息，你感到无聊吗？m 15 and Im fond of singing.我15岁，我喜欢唱歌。be fond of意为“喜欢，后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。e.g.1)Im fond of playing basketball while my brother is fond of playing football. 我喜欢打篮球，而我哥哥喜欢踢足球。 2)The little is fond of singing and dancing. 这个小女孩喜欢唱歌和跳舞。 3)What are you fond o

19、f? 你喜欢什么？13.Rock music is OK, and so is skating.摇滚乐不错，滑雪也可以。和neither，nor的用法类似。so位于句首引起句子倒装，表示“某人或某事与前面所说的情况一样。句型为：so+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语。e.g.1)I like English, so does my deskmate. 我喜欢英语，我的同桌也喜欢英语。 2)If you go to the party tonight, so shall I. 如果今晚你参加这个晚会，我也将参加。 3)My father can swim, so can I. 我父亲会游泳，我也会

20、。【相关比拟】1.so +主语与前面所说情况的主语相同+助动词/系动词/情态动词 表示对前面所说情况的赞同或验证。e.g.1)I have finished my homework, so I have. 我已经完成了作业，我确实完成了。 2)The young girl hopes to become a journalist. so she does. 小女孩希望成为一名记者。她确实有此希望。2.主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词+so用于陈述一个事实。e.g.1)The teacher asked me to clean the classroom,and I did so. 2)My pa

21、rents hoped that I could find a good job,and I did so. 我父母希望我能找到一个好工作，我真的找到了一个好工作。3.So it is/was with+另一主语表示另一主语的情况与前面所说情况相同。这个句型用于上文有两个分句或上文有两个(或以上)的谓语或者谓语既有肯定也有否认。也可以说成：It is the same with另一主语。e.g.1)Mary like singing English songs ,but he doesnt like reading English stories.So it is with Jim. 玛丽喜欢

22、唱英语歌曲，当不喜欢读英语故事。吉姆也是如此。 2)Marx was born in Germany and German was his native language. So it was with Engles. 马克思生于德国，德语是他的母语。恩格斯也是如此。 3)My father first visited Canada ,and then visited America.It is the same with my mother. 我父亲先访问了加拿大，然后访问了美国。我母亲也是如此。14.Imagine that you are alone on an island.想象一下你

23、单独一人在一个岛上。imagine的用法：1.imagine+n./doing/从句e.g.1) I imagined living on the moon. 我想象生活在月球上。 2)Can you imagine life without water? 你能想象没有水的生活吗？ 3)I can hardly imagine that you want to be a president. 我很难想象能要当总统。2.imagine+宾语+宾补(n./doing/to be)e.g.1)The boy imagined himself flying like a bird. 小男孩想象自己像鸟

24、一样的飞翔。 2)Try to imagine yourself to be on the Mars.What will happen? 试着想象一下你自己在火星上的情形。会发生什么？ 3)Tom imagined his father a millionaire. 汤姆想象他的父亲是一个百万富翁。【相关比拟】alone和lonely的区别：alone可以作形容词和副词。作形容词时，在句中充当表语，后置定语或补足语。不可以作前置定语。lonely只能作形容词。alone指客观状况，意为“单独的地，单独一人的地；lonely描述一种心里感受，意为“孤独的。修饰某地方时意为“偏僻的，荒凉的。e.g

25、.1)Peter alone went to school,but he didnt feel lonely. 比特单独一人去上学，但他并不感到孤独。 2)She lives alone in a lonely village. 她单独一人生活在一个荒凉的村庄。 3)After the party when all the guests went away ,I was alone. 晚会过后，所有的客人都离去了，剩下我单独一个人。15.Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his fr

26、iends.查克是一个很忙的商人，忙的几乎没有时间和朋友相处。【相关比拟】sothat和suchthat的区别：两个短语都有“如此以至于的意思。so后面的中心词是形容词和副词；such后的中心词是名词。 需要特别注意的是：当many,much,little,few这四个词表示“数量的意思时，必须和so连用，而不能和such连用。e.g.1)I was so poor that I cant go to study abroad. 我太穷了，以至于我无法出国留学。 2)It is such a fine day today that we decide go out to hike. 今天是一个

27、如此好的天，以至于我们决定外出徒步旅行。 3)We have so little water now that we should go to fetch some. 现在我们的水太少了，我们应该去取些。 4)There are so many mistakes in your article that youd better rewrite it. 你文章里的错误太多了，你最好重新一遍。 5)She is such little girl that you shouldnt ask her to do so much homework. 她是如此小的女孩，你不应该让她做那么多的作业。注意：此

28、句中的little不表示数量，而表示小，故和such 连用而不和so 连用。16.One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.一天，查克乘飞机飞越太平洋时，飞机突然坠毁。【相关比拟】across和through的区别：across强调从某物体外表通过，含义与介词on相关。同时，还可表示“横穿；through强调从物体的内部通过，含义与介词in相关。e.g.1)The stream flows through my hometown from south to nort

29、h. 这条小溪从南到北流过我的家乡。 2)The wounded solider swam across a river ,walked through a forest and finally found the army. 受伤的士兵游过一条河，走过一片树林，最后找到了部队。when在此表示“正在那时，这时and just then。e.g.1)I was just about to go home when it suddenly rained. 我正要回家，这时天下雨了。 2)Joe was studying in his study when suddenly the light w

30、ent out. 乔正在书房学习，这时灯灭了。 survives the crash and lands on a deserted island.查看在飞机失事后幸存了下来。登上了一个无人荒岛。survive的用法：1.vi.幸存，活下来e.g.1)Anyone who wants to survive in the world should learn as many things as possible. 任何想在这个世界上生存的人应该学习尽可能多的东西。 2)Only I survived after the terrible earthquake . 大地震之后只有我活了下来。e.g

31、.1)No one survived the fire. 在这场大火中无人幸存。 2)Only the brave can survive the war. 只有勇敢者才能幸存于这场战争。18.He has to learn how to collect water,hunt for food,and make fire.他必须学会如何采水，如何寻找事物和生火。hunt for=look for意为“寻找。make fire意为“生火。由fire构成的常用短语有：1.be on fire在燃烧2.catch fire着火3.put out fire灭火4.light a fire点火5.set

32、 fire to=seton fire放火烧6.play with fire玩火19.In order to survive, Chuck develops a friendship with an unusual frienda volleyball he calls Wilson.为了生存，查克与一个非同寻常的朋友一个他叫作威尔逊的排球开展友谊。in order+ do表示“为了。【相关比拟】in order to,so as to,in order that和so that的区别：这四个短语都表示“为了。in order to和so as to后面都接动词原形，都可以充当目的状语。但so

33、 as to不能用于句首。in order that和so that后面都接从句，引导目的状语从句。e.g.1)He got up very early in order to catch the first bus. 2)He got up very early so as to catch the first bus. 3)He got up very early in order that he could catch the first bus. 4)He got up very early so that he could catch the first bus. 5)In orde

34、r to catch the first bus he got up very early. 为了赶上头班车，他起的很早。20.He realizes that he hasnt been a very good friend because he hasnt always been thinking about himself.他认识到他不是一个很好朋友，因为他总是考虑自己。think about意为“考虑；想起；认为由think组成的短语还有：1.think aloud=think out aloud自言自语2.think of考虑，关系；想起，记得3.think ofas把看作4.thi

35、nk offor考虑是否适宜5.think out想出，设计出6.think over仔细考虑7.think up口语想出，创造e.g.I am thinking about visiting my aunt this afternoon.我正在考虑今天下午去看我姨。21.Even though Wilson is just a volleyball,he becomes fond of Wilson.尽管威尔逊只是一个排球，但他非常喜欢威尔逊。even though=even if意为“尽管，即使，用来引导让步状语从句。e.g.1)Even though I was old I will s

36、tick to studying. 尽管我老了我仍要坚持学习。 2)Even if I was killed I still will tell you the truth. 即使我被杀我仍要告诉你事情的真相。22.He talks to him and treats him as a friend.他和它说话，并把它当成朋友。treatas意为“把看待成。e.g. 1)The doctors treat SARS as their enemies. 医生们把SARS病毒看作他们的敌人。 2)The villagers treated the missing boy as their own

37、son. 村民们把这个走失的孩子看成他们自己的儿子。23.Chuch learns that we need friends to share happiness and sorrow and that it is important to have someone to care about.查克认识到我们需要朋友来分享快乐和分担忧愁，同时照顾别人是很重要的。have的用法：have意为“有时的句型：have sth. to do 主语自己有某事要做have sth. to be done 主语让某人去作某事have意为“使，让时的句型：have sb. do 让某人做某事have sb.

38、doing让某人一直做某事have sth. done使某事被做e.g.1)I have a lot of clothes to wash. 我有许多衣服要洗。 2)He had a lot of housework to be done. 他有许多家务活要让别人去做。 3)The boss had the workers painting the wall the whole day. 老板让工人们刷了一整天的墙。 4)They had the old house repaired. 他们请人把老房子修理了。care about意为“关系，在乎，介意；care for意为“常用于疑问句和否认

39、句中喜欢；较正式用语照顾。e.g.1)It is our duty to care about the old. 照顾老人是我们的责任。 2)I dont really care for this kind of food. 我真的不喜欢这类食品。24.He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.他也知道他本应更关心他的朋友。但是没有should have done意为“过去本应该做某事却没做。shouldnt have done意为“过去本不应该做某事却做了。e.g.1)I should have told

40、where I lived. 我本应该告诉你我的住址。 2)They should have asked their teachers for help. 3)You shouldnt have told lies to me. 你本不应该向我说谎。25.When he makes friends with Wison,he understands that friendship is about feelings and that we must give as much as we take.当他和威尔逊交朋友之后，他明白了如此道理：友谊离不开感情；人既得到关爱，又须给他人以同样多的关爱。

41、“和某人交朋友“和某人作对。e.g.We should make friends with others not to make enemies with others.我们应该和别人交朋友，而不是和别人作对。as much as和as many as的区别：两个短语都表示“多达。as much as后常接金钱，时间，重量，热量，丈量等方面的名词；as many as后多接人或事物的数量。e.g.1)The little boy earned as much as 1000 dollars every month. 这个小男孩每月挣多达1000美元。 2)There are as many a

42、s people in the square. 广场上有多达人。 3)His bag weighed as much as 10 kilogramme. 他的书包重达10千克。26.For example,many of us have pets,and we all have favourite objects such as a lucky pen or a diary.例如，我们有许多宠物，我们还有许多青睐的物品，如一支幸运笔或一本日记本。for example和such as的区别：for example用作插入语，一般只举同类中的一个例子。可以用于句首，句中或句尾，常用逗号和句子隔开

43、；such as用来列举同类中的多个事物，通常放在被列举的事物的前面，其前后均不用逗号。e.g.1)I like many famous singersZhang Huimei,for example. 我喜欢许多著名的歌手，例如：张惠妹。 2)Computers ,for example, were made in this factory. 例如电脑是这个工厂生产的。 3)She can speak many foreign languages such as English,French,Japenese and German. 她会说许多中外语，例如：英语，法语，日语和德语。27.If

44、 you were alone on an island,what would you do in order to survive?假设岛上只有你一个人，为了生存，你会怎么办？本句是一个表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气句。虚拟语气在3种不同的条件句中的应用：与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反条件从句谓语用一般过去时be都用were谓语用过去完成时had done谓语用一般过去时或用were to+do或should+do主句谓语用过去将来时would/slhoul/could/might+do谓语用过去将来完成时would/shold/could/might+have done谓语用wo

45、uld/should/could/might+do)e.g.1)If I were a millionaire ,I would help all the poor in the world. 如果我是一个百万富翁，我将帮助世界上所以的穷人。对现在事实的虚拟 2)If I had followed your advice,I would have won the game. 要是听了你的忠告，这场比赛我就赢了。 3)If it rained tomorrow,we would stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就会呆在家。28.We cant stay here any longer.我们不能再呆在这里了。not any longer,no longer,notany more,no more的区别：notany longerno longer多与持续性动词连用，指时间上不再延长；notany more no more多与瞬间动作连用，指做事情的次数不再增加；e.g.1)The president didnt live here any longer. =2)The president lived here no