(整理版高中英语)高中英语常见词及短语辨析(I).doc
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1、高中英语常见词及短语辨析 ( I )1 .about; around; round 作副词时都含“四处、“遍地的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:look about四处看。around 具有 about 的根本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在以下短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:travel around 各处旅行round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转, 而用 around指“处处, “到处, 如:She turned round at such a no
2、ise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。 另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:英 Winter comes round.美 Winter comes around.2 .above all;after all;at all above all意为“尤其是、“首先、“最重要的是,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 A clock must
3、 above all keeps good time时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 after all意为“毕竟、“终究、“终归、“到底,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 at all用于否认句时,意为“丝毫;根本,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感如疑心或惊奇等,
4、意为“竟然等。如: He doesnt like you at all他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事? If you do it at all,do it well假设你真要做这件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了,我很惊讶。 l 3. add; add to; addto; add up to add作“加,增加解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如: If the tea is too strong, add s
5、ome more hot water 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。 After a short while, he added that he would try his best 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。 add to意为“增添,增加,增进。如: The bad weather added to our difficulties 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 addto意为“把加到,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如: Add two to seven, and you will get nine七加二等于九。 add up to意为“加起来总共是累计得,该短语不用于被动语态。如: A
6、ll his school education added up to no more than one year 他的教育加起来不过一年。 l 4 . affair; thing; matter; business affair意为“事情、事件, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。 thing意为“事情、事物,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势解。 matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。 business作“事务、事情解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;
7、有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。l a great deal; a great deal of a great deal用作名词,意为“大量,“许多,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很或“非常,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比拟级。如: A great deal has been studied and this is the best way 经过大量研究后,这被认为是最好的方法。 We are a great deal cleverer than before 我们比以前聪明多了。 a great deal of意为“大量的,“非常多的,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如: A
8、great deal of timemoneyenergy has been spent on the project 大量的时间金钱能源花在那个工程上了。 l 5. agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that agree on作“就取得一致意见解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month 上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法: 其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意容许做某事解。例如: My father agreed t
9、o buy a new pen for me 父亲容许给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“方案条件建议等一类的名词或代词。例如: They have a greed to our plan 他们已同意我们的方案。 agree with作“同意某人的意见解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见或“说的话的名词或从句。例如: He agreed with my opinions 他同意了我的意见。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 agree that作“认为解,其后跟宾语从句。例如: I agre
10、e that your composition is very good 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。 l 6. allow;let 二者均可作“允许解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许或“容许,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许或“让解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许解时,常暗含“听任、“默许之意;作“让解时,常含“祈使或“建议之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不
11、可用于被动语态,而allow那么相反。例如: Please let me walk with youPlease allow me to walk with you我请允许我跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sbto do sth或allow doing sth结构中。 l 7. although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管;虽然,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as那么主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意: 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, howeve
12、r等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如: AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 as表示“尽管;虽然,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如: Young asthough he is, he knows a lot 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。 注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如: Child asthough he is, he can speak two foreign languages
13、 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是,although却不能。例如: They said they would come; they did not, though 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述“事实,不能表示“假设。因此可以说even though“即使以及as though“好似(as if),不能说even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。 l 8
14、 . amongbetween 这两个介词都有“在之间的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。假设指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。 She is the tallest among her classmates她在她同学之间是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 l 9. argue
15、 debate dispute 都含“辩论的意思。 argue 着重“说理、“论证和“企图说服, 如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。 debate 着重“双方各述己见, 内含“交锋的意思, 如:We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。 dispute 指“剧烈争辩, 含有“相持不下或“未得解决之意,如:Whether he will be elected as chairman i
16、s still disputed.他是否中选为主席, 仍然有争论。l 10 argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争的意思,但“争法不同。 argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论或“辩论。例如: We heard them arguing in the other room我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。 另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如: We argued with them about this problem for a long time这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。 quarrel是指对某事不喜
17、欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵或“吵架。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife他常为家务事同妻子争吵。 discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论。例如: Well discuss the use of the articles tomorrow明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。 l11 as (so) far as; as (so) long as assofar as的意思是“就而言所知,as (so) far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体
18、用法,意为“就某事而言;as (so) long as意为“只要,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a
19、 long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。l 12 asleepsleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的意思。 如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby一个熟睡的婴儿。 再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms他头枕着手臂在熟睡。 asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋 l 13 assert,a
20、ffirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。 ADespite all the policemans questions the suspect that he had been at home all evening BIt is nonsense to that smoking does not damage peoples health CThroughout his prison sente
21、nce Dunn has always his innocence Answers:A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained l 14 as though;even though;though as thoughas if,意为“好似;似乎,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如: He spoke as thoughas ifhe had been here before他说话的口气好似他以前来过这里。 It looks as ifas thoughit is going to rain看起来好似要下雨。 even thougheven if,意为“即使,引导让步状语从
22、句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的那么不一定是事实。例如: He will not tell the secret even thougheven ifhe knows it即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。 l15 at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning
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