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1、高中英语常见词及短语辨析 ( I )1 .about; around; round 作副词时都含“四处、“遍地的意思。 about 系常用词, 如:look about四处看。around 具有 about 的根本意思, 因此 look about=look around, 但在以下短语里 around没有 about正式, 如:travel around 各处旅行round 和 around在非正式用法中可以互换, 但一般用 round时更简练。在正式用语中, 一般用 round指“旋转, 而用 around指“处处, “到处, 如:She turned round at such a no
2、ise. 听到这样的吵声, 她回头看。I have been looking for it all around. 我到处都找过了。 另外, 英国人用 round的地方, 美国人倾向于用 around, 如:英 Winter comes round.美 Winter comes around.2 .above all;after all;at all above all意为“尤其是、“首先、“最重要的是,常位于句首或句中,作插入语,起强调作用。如: But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该做什么。 A clock must
3、 above all keeps good time时钟最重要的是必须走得准。 after all意为“毕竟、“终究、“终归、“到底,在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如: After all,your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟,两周后就是你的生日。 He is,after all,a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。 He failed after all他终于失败了。 at all用于否认句时,意为“丝毫;根本,用于疑问句时意为“究竟;到底,用于条件句时,常译为“当真;实在。用于肯定句中,表示说话人的某种情绪或情感如疑心或惊奇等,
4、意为“竟然等。如: He doesnt like you at all他根本不喜欢你。 Are you going to do it at all?你究竟做不做这件事? If you do it at all,do it well假设你真要做这件事,就得做好。 I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了,我很惊讶。 l 3. add; add to; addto; add up to add作“加,增加解时,既可作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词;作“又说,补充说解时,与直接或间接引语连用。如: If the tea is too strong, add s
5、ome more hot water 如果茶太浓了,再加点开水。 After a short while, he added that he would try his best 过了一会儿,他又接着说他会尽力。 add to意为“增添,增加,增进。如: The bad weather added to our difficulties 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 addto意为“把加到,是把前一项加到后一项之后或之中。如: Add two to seven, and you will get nine七加二等于九。 add up to意为“加起来总共是累计得,该短语不用于被动语态。如: A
6、ll his school education added up to no more than one year 他的教育加起来不过一年。 l 4 . affair; thing; matter; business affair意为“事情、事件, 含义较广,泛指已做或待做的事;复数affairs一般指商业事务及政府的日常事务,如财政管理、外交事务等。 thing意为“事情、事物,不管大事小事、好事坏事均称为thing,一般不能专指事务;复数things还可作“形势解。 matter侧重指须留心的要事或问题、难题。 business作“事务、事情解时,一般不能用复数,常常指所指派的任务、责任;
7、有时说的是指派的工作或商业上的买卖活动。l a great deal; a great deal of a great deal用作名词,意为“大量,“许多,作主语、宾语;用作副词,意为“很或“非常,作状语,修饰动词或用来强调比拟级。如: A great deal has been studied and this is the best way 经过大量研究后,这被认为是最好的方法。 We are a great deal cleverer than before 我们比以前聪明多了。 a great deal of意为“大量的,“非常多的,相当于much,作定语,后接不可数名词。如: A
8、great deal of timemoneyenergy has been spent on the project 大量的时间金钱能源花在那个工程上了。 l 5. agree on;agree to;agree with;agree that agree on作“就取得一致意见解。例如: The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month 上月,就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。 agree to有两层含义和用法: 其一是to作为动词不定式符号,其后跟动词原形,作“同意容许做某事解。例如: My father agreed t
9、o buy a new pen for me 父亲容许给我买支新钢笔。 其二是to作为介词,之后跟表示“方案条件建议等一类的名词或代词。例如: They have a greed to our plan 他们已同意我们的方案。 agree with作“同意某人的意见解,其后可跟表示人的名词或代词,也可跟表示“意见或“说的话的名词或从句。例如: He agreed with my opinions 他同意了我的意见。 We agreed with what he said at the meeting 我们同意他在会上讲的话。 agree that作“认为解,其后跟宾语从句。例如: I agre
10、e that your composition is very good 我认为你的这篇作文写得不错。 l 6. allow;let 二者均可作“允许解,但各有侧重: allow重在“允许或“容许,也可表示客气的请求。例如: He allowed me to take his dictionary他允许我拿走他的词典。 Will you allow me to use your bike? 我可以用你的自行车吗? let作“允许或“让解,主要用于口语,一般可与allow互换。作“允许解时,常暗含“听任、“默许之意;作“让解时,常含“祈使或“建议之意。注意:let之后作宾补的不定式不带to,且不
11、可用于被动语态,而allow那么相反。例如: Please let me walk with youPlease allow me to walk with you我请允许我跟你一起走。注:allow常用于allow sbto do sth或allow doing sth结构中。 l 7. although; though; as 三者均可表示“尽管;虽然,引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式,语气较强;though较常用;as那么主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意: 状语从句由although, though或as引导,主句之前不可有but, and, so, howeve
12、r等并列连词,但可有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。例如: AlthoughThough he believes it, yet he will not act 他虽然相信它,但却不肯有所行动。 as表示“尽管;虽然,只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。例如: Young asthough he is, he knows a lot 他虽然年纪不大,却懂得很多。 注意:如果表语是单数名词,要省略a。例如: Child asthough he is, he can speak two foreign languages
13、 虽然他是个孩子,但他会说两门外语。 though可以放在句末,表示“但是,although却不能。例如: They said they would come; they did not, though 他们说他们会来,可是他们并没有来。 although只用来陈述“事实,不能表示“假设。因此可以说even though“即使以及as though“好似(as if),不能说even although或as although。例如: I believe you are on dutyeven though youre in plain clothes 尽管你穿着便衣,我相信你是在值勤。 l 8
14、 . amongbetween 这两个介词都有“在之间的意思。between常用于两者之间;among一般指三者或三者以上之间。假设指三个以上人或物中的每两个之间时,仍然要用between。 例如:The girl walked between her father and mother这个女孩走在她父亲和母亲之间。 She is the tallest among her classmates她在她同学之间是最高的。 Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany瑞士位于法国、意大利、奥地利和德国之间。 l 9. argue
15、 debate dispute 都含“辩论的意思。 argue 着重“说理、“论证和“企图说服, 如:I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to reason. 我和她辩论了好久, 但她还是不听。 debate 着重“双方各述己见, 内含“交锋的意思, 如:We have been debating about the issue. 我们一直在就这个问题进行辩论。 dispute 指“剧烈争辩, 含有“相持不下或“未得解决之意,如:Whether he will be elected as chairman i
16、s still disputed.他是否中选为主席, 仍然有争论。l 10 argue;quarrel;discuss 这三个动词均有“争的意思,但“争法不同。 argue着重就自己的看法或观点,提出论证,同他人“争论或“辩论。例如: We heard them arguing in the other room我们听见他们在另一个房间里争论。 另外,argue同with搭配,其后接人;与about连用,其后接事物。例如: We argued with them about this problem for a long time这个问题我们同他们辩论了很长时间。 quarrel是指对某事不喜
17、欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵或“吵架。同with搭配,其后接某人;和about连用,其后接某事。例如: He often quarrels about their housework with his wife他常为家务事同妻子争吵。 discuss是指认真交换自己的意见或看法的“讨论。例如: Well discuss the use of the articles tomorrow明天我们将讨论冠词的用法。 l11 as (so) far as; as (so) long as assofar as的意思是“就而言所知,as (so) far as sthis concerned是其中一种具体
18、用法,意为“就某事而言;as (so) long as意为“只要,引导条件状语从句。如:As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers have found their new jobs 就我所知,一千多万下岗工人已经找到了新的工作。There is nothing that we cant do so as long as we keep on trying to do it 只要我们不断地努力去做,就没有什么事干不成。As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a
19、 long way to go就中国的旅游业而言,需要做的工作还很多。l 12 asleepsleeping 二者都是形容词。asleep仅用作表语,不能作定语,表示“睡着,熟睡的意思;而sleeping一般只能用作定语,放在名词前,表示“睡眠中的,休止的意思。 如:我们不能说:an asleep baby,但可以说:a sleeping baby一个熟睡的婴儿。 再如:He was asleep with his head on his arms他头枕着手臂在熟睡。 asleeping dog正在熟睡的狗 sleeping car卧车 sleeping bag睡袋 l 13 assert,a
20、ffirm,maintain assert宣称、断言,常指某人主观自信,坚持己见,有时不顾客观事实而断言下结论。 affirm指以事实为依据,深信不疑地肯定某种观点或看法。 maintain指在相反的证据或论点面前,重申原来的某种观点、立场。 ADespite all the policemans questions the suspect that he had been at home all evening BIt is nonsense to that smoking does not damage peoples health CThroughout his prison sente
21、nce Dunn has always his innocence Answers:A. affirmed B. assert C. maintained l 14 as though;even though;though as thoughas if,意为“好似;似乎,引导方式状语从句或表语从句。如: He spoke as thoughas ifhe had been here before他说话的口气好似他以前来过这里。 It looks as ifas thoughit is going to rain看起来好似要下雨。 even thougheven if,意为“即使,引导让步状语从
22、句。though也引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然;even though有退一步设想的意味,与though不同。though引导的句子所说的是事实,even though引导的句子所说的那么不一定是事实。例如: He will not tell the secret even thougheven ifhe knows it即使他知道这个秘密,他也不肯说出来。 He will not tell the secret though he knows it他虽然知道这个秘密,但他不会说出来。 l15 at the beginning;in the beginning at the beginning
23、 在初;在开始的时候。常与of连用。例如: Students usually have a study plan at the beginning of term 学生们在开学初制定学习方案。 in the beginning 相当于at first,表示“起初、开始时,含“起初是这种情况,而后来却不是这种情况之意,不与of连用。例如: In the beginning,some of us took no interest in physics 起初我们有些人对物理不感兴趣。 l 16 attack assail assault charge beset 都含有攻击的意思。 attack 是
24、常用词, 指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人, 如:Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941. 德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。 assail 指猛烈连续地攻击, 如:The enemy plane assailed our defence position. 敌机不断猛烈地攻击我们的阵地。 assault 语气比 assail强, 指突然猛烈地进攻, 暗示武力的直接接触 (如肉搏等), 也有暴力的意思, 如:The enemy assaulted us at dawn. 敌人在黎明时向我进攻。 charge 指冲击或骑兵的突然攻击, 如:The
25、cavalry charged to the front. 骑兵猛烈向前线冲击。 beset 指围攻, 即从各个方向攻击, 如:In the swamp we were beset by mosquitoes. 在沼泽地里, 我们受到蚊子的围攻。l 17 at the age ofby the age of at the age of表示“在岁时,后面接基数词,强调某一时刻的情况或动作,用于一般过去时,作时间状语。例如: At the age of six,he began to learn English他六岁的时候开始学英语。 She learned to play the piano a
26、t the age often她十岁的时候学弹钢琴。 by the age of表示“到岁的时候、“在岁以前,后面接基数词,强调到某一时刻为止的结果,用于过去完成时或将来完成时,作时间状语。例如: By the age of sixteen,he had learned to drive a car到十六岁的时候,他已经学会了开小汽车。 You will have learned more than English words by the age of fourteen 到你十四岁的时候,你将学会多个英语单词。 l 18 at the time; at that time; at one t
27、ime; at a time at the time通常用于过去时句子中,指某件事情发生的“当时、“那时。例如: Many people saw the strange thing happen at the time 当时,许多人都看到了这件奇怪的事情的发生。 有时,at the time的后面可接“of短语。这时,它表示“在某事态发生的时候或“在的时代。例如: Were you in San Francisco at the time of the big earth quake in 1989 1989年旧金山发生地震时,你在那里吗? It happened at the time of
28、 King Alfred 事情发生在阿尔弗雷德国王时期。 at that time 那么通常指前文明确提到的某个时期、时候。通常其后不带“of短语。例如: In the 17th century much corn was grown in Tibet and SichuanAt that time(At the 17th century) the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very crowded at one timeduring a period of time in the past意为“过去有一段时期,“曾经。例如: T
29、hey used to be good friends at one time 他们曾经是好朋友。 at a time那么意为“一次,表示一个时间单位。它常与表示数量的词语连用,表示频率。例如: Dont speak all at onceOne at a time, please 不要同时一起说。一次只一个人说。 Take the medicine three times a day and three pieces at a time 这些药每天服三次,每次服三粒。 l 19 at speed with speed at the speed of或者at speed,意为“以的速度。而当s
30、peed被all, lightning, great等修饰时,介词应用with。我们可用一句口诀来帮助记忆:都all以闪电般lightning大great的速度行驶。如:Our car was running with all speed on the expressway 我们的车在高速公路上全速行驶。The Long March No2 Rocket sent up the satellite into space at the speed of 112 kilometers per second 长征二号火箭以每秒钟112公里的速度将卫星发射到太空。B20 becausesinceasf
31、or 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词,但是as,because,since是附属连词,引导原因状语从句,for是并列连词,所引导的不是原因状语从句,而是表示理由的对等句子,是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为becausesinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末,表示直接的原因或理由,表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系,在答复why的提问时,必须用because作答。 如:We stayed at home because it rained因为下雨我们呆在家里。 as与since引导的从句多置于句首,不过as表示十清楚显的原因,只说明一般的因果关系,可译为“因
32、为、由于;而since那么表示稍加分析、对方的原因,一般可译为“既然。如: As he was not feeling well,I decided to go there alone由于他身体欠佳,我决定单独去那里。 Since everyone is here,lets start既然大家都到了,咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末,其前用逗号,它所表达的理由是间接的,即推测性理由,或是对前面表达的事实或看法的补充说明。如: There must be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off教室里一定没有人,因为灯灭了。推测性理由
33、l believe;believe in believe作及物动词时,其后可跟名词,表示“相信;后接从句或复合宾语时,表示“认为;料想;相信等。如: I believe what he says我相信他的话。 I believe that he will succeed我相信他会成功的。 believe in 是一个动介型短语动词,表示“信奉;信仰指对某种思想、主张、观念、行动具有信心和“信任have trust in。如: They believe in God他们信仰上帝。 I believe in having plenty of exercise我相信多锻炼有好处。 believe和b
34、elieve in后均可接表示人的名词或代词,但含义不同。试比拟: I believe in himI think he is a frustworthy man我信任他。 I believe himI believe what he says我相信他的话。 l 21 belief faith trust confidence 都含有“相信的意思。 belief 指“成认某事是真的, 尽管有或没有确凿的证据, 如:belief in ghosts. 相信有鬼。 faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信, 如:I have faith in his ability to succeed.
35、我相信他有成功的能力。 trust 指“信赖、“信任, 含有“坚决的信念的意思, 如:enjoy the trust of the people 得到人民的信任。 confidence 指“在有证据的根底上相信, 也常指“自信、“有把握, 如:She has great confidence in her success. 她对自己的成功充满信心。l 22 besides;except;but 三者都可以用作介词。用于肯定句中时,exceptbut意为“除外不再有;besides意为“除外还有。请比拟: All of them have seen the film exceptbut Wu D
36、ong 除了吴东外,他们都看过了那部影片。 All of them have seen the film besides Wu Dong 除了吴东看过那部影片外,他们也都看过了。 except后接名词、代词、ing或不定式时,可以与but互换;except后接副词、介词短语时,一般不能为but所替换。如:Ill do everything exceptbut cook 除了做饭,我什么事情都干。 This window is never opened except in summer 除了在夏天,这个窗子从不翻开。 用在否认句中,三者可以互换。如: There arent any other
37、people to do the work exceptbutbesides you 除了你,没人能做这工作。 l 23 be anxious to; be anxious for; be anxious about ;be anxious that be anxious to表示“急于、“渴望,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形; be anxious for表示“渴望,后面接名词或代词时,强调渴望得到某物或渴望了解某事;后面接sbto do sth时,表示“渴望某人能做某事,其中for sbto do sth是不定式复合结构。 be anxious about 表示“对感到不安、“为担忧
38、、“为忧虑; be anxious that表示“渴望,后面接从句,that从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气; EXERCISESI the result of the examination We know the result of the examination We Mr Liu to help us with our English Mr Li a new car They arrive home before dark(Key: am anxious aboutfor are anxious to are anxious for is anxious for are anxious to
39、)1) The girl a new dictionary 2) All the students their results of this examination 3) Everyone know their results of the competition 4) We Mr Zhao to return 5) We she should do her best Key: 1) wasis anxious for 2) are anxious about 3) is anxious to 4are anxious for 5 are anxious thatl be known as;
40、 be known for; be known to; be known in be known as 意为“作为而著名,其后的名词表示一个人的身份、职业等。如: Liu Huan is known as a singer刘欢作为一个歌手而知名。 Were sure youll be well-known as an artist我们相信你会成为一位著名的画家。 be known for 意为“因而著名,其后所接内容表示某人或物的特点、特长等。如: Guilin is known for her beautiful mountains and rivers因其美丽的山水而闻名。 Mr Geld
41、of is well-known for organizing two big pop concerts on the same day 盖尔多夫先生因在同一天组织两场大型的流行音乐会而知名。 be known to “为所了解知道,其后接表示人的词语。“人们都知道,其后接动词原形。如: He is known to all in our village村子里的人都了解他。 He was known to have invented many thingsIt was known that he had invented many things人们都知道他已经创造了很多东西。 be known
42、 in 意为“在某地很著名。如: He is well-known in the town where he was born 他在自己出生的那个镇子上很知名。 l24 be made ofbe made inbe made frombe made bybe made up of be made of表示“由制成,指从原料到制成品,只发生了形状变化,没有发生本质变化属物理变化。 be made in当后面接时间的数词或名词时,表示“某物何时制造的或何时产的。当后面接指地点的名词时,表示“某地产某物。 be made from表示“由制成,指从原料到制成品,发生了质的变化,已无法复原属化学变化。
43、 be made by表示“由制做,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调动作的执行者。 be made up of表示“由构成组成,强调主语由两局部或两个以上的局部构成或组成。 【练习】用be made in,be made of,be made from,be made by或be made up of填空。 This bike Tianjin This table wood The car 1999 Paper wood The kite my mother The team ten members 【Keys】was made in; is made of ;was made in ;is ma
44、de from;was made by;is made up ofl高中英语常见词及短语辨析( II ).be used forbe used asbe used by be used for表示“被用作或“被用来作,后面接名词或ving,其中for表示目的。 be used as表示“作为而用或“用作,后面接名词或动词不定式,强调使用的工具及手段。 be used by表示“由使用,后面接指人的名词或代词,强调使用者。 【练习】用be used for,be used as或be used by填空。 A telephone better communication交流 The motorb
45、ike Liu Ming A ruler often a knife by him to cut a piece of paper open 【Keys】is used for;is used by;is,used as26. be pleased with; be pleased at(或about);be pleased to 1) The manager you before 2) My boss must see you again in HongKong 3) I seeing so many students present 4) I hear Mr Zhao your article析: was pleased with。表示“对满意;喜欢后面通常接指人的名词或代词。 be pleased to。表示“很快乐或很乐意做某事,其中to是不定式符号,后面接动词原形。 am pleased at(或about)。be pleased at或about表示“对看到或听到的事感到快乐,后面接指事的名词或ving。 is pleased at(或about)。解析同。 l 27. be to do sth;be about to do sth;be goi
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