（整理版高中英语）高二英语Unit11Scientificachievements知识精讲人教第二册.doc

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1、高二英语Unit 11 Scientific achievements知识精讲 人教版第二册【本讲教育信息】一、教学内容：Unit 11 Scientific achievements一重点单词二重点短语三重点句型二、知识精讲：一重点单词1. likely adj. 可能的；可能发生某事,后接不定式。表示有充分根据的可能。在表示“可能的时既可用人作主语，也可用物作主语，还可以是形式主语it，即：用于Its likely that句型中。The foreign teacher is likely to take part in our Christmas party.外教有可能参加我们的圣诞节晚

2、会。Its likely that the sports meet will be put off till next week.运动会有可能推迟到下周举行。拓展：possible表示客观上潜在的可能性，暗示可能性很小， probable表示有几分根据的可能1从句型结构上，三个词均可以用Its likely/possible/ probable that句型Its not likely/possible/ probable that the chairman would accept such an offer.主席不太可能接受这样的提议。2可使用Its likely/ probablefor

3、 sb.to do sth.Its possible for the tourists to get interested in this newly developed Chinese food.游客有可能会喜欢新近开发的中餐。3三个词中只有likely可用于句型sb be likely to do sth.The guide is likely to accept a tip from the tourists.导游可能会从游客那里接受小费。注：perhaps, maybe, probably, possibly几个表示“可能地的词均是副词，在句中作状语。Probably the daug

4、hter was astonished to see her father.女儿见到她父亲时有可能会感到惊讶。2. support vt.支持，支撑；维持；搀扶His family supported him in his decision.他的家庭支持他的决定。n. 支持，支撑；维持；搀扶 短语：in support of为了支持He signed the cheque in support of their decision.他在支票上签了字以支持他们的决定。3. achieve vt.完成；取得；到达 短语：achieve success/victory/ones goal/ones p

5、urpose取得成功/胜利；到达目标/目的As a result of advertising, we have achieved a big increase in sales this year.由于做了广告，我们今年的销售大大增加。He will never achieve his goal if he doesnt work.如果不努力工作，他就永远达不到目标。achievement n.U完成C完成；成绩；功绩make achievements 取得成就a sense of achievement成就感We felt a great sense of achievement when

6、 we reached the top of the mountain.当我们到达山顶的时候，我们有一种巨大的成就感。即学即练： You will never _anything if you spend your time that way.A. receive B. deceive C. perceive D. achieve He cant _ his wife and children on such a small salary.A. live B. bring up C. support D. bear Why hasnt the project been finished?It

7、is _that some changes will be made.A. possibly B. likely C. probably D. perhaps Thinking that no patient was _to ring him at that hour, the doctor went back to sleep again.A. possible B. probable C. likely D. able4. grasp vt.抓住；抓牢；理解； n. 理解He reached out, grasped my hand and shook it.他伸出手，抓住我的手握了一下。

8、You must grasp the opportunity to study aboard.你要抓住这次出国学习的时机。5. master vt.掌握；精通；控制；统治n. 硕士；男主人She learned to master her anger.她学会了控制自己不发火。Russian is a difficult language to master.俄语是一种很难掌握的语言。The young writer learned a great deal from the works by masters in literature.这位青年作家从文学大师的作品到了许多东西。6. arran

9、ge vt. & vi.安排；筹划；整理；布置 1arrange sth.for为安排；为作准备arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事arrange to do安排做；arrange that 安排Everything has been arranged.一切都准备好了。Please call up the taxi company and arrange for a taxi.请打 给出租车公司安排一辆出租车。The headmaster has arranged for Comrade Zhang to attend the meeting.校长已安排张The

10、 secretary has arranged to get ready for the reception.秘书已安排准备招待会。2) arrangement n. 安排；约定；整理make arrangement for 为做好安排The arrangement of the furniture in our new house took a long time.布置我们新居的家具花了很长时间。7. failureUn.失败Cn. 失败的人或事The new restaurant was a failure and soon closed.那家新开的饭店经营无方，不久便关门了。He was

11、 a failure as a scientist.他是个不成功的科学家。8. announce vt.宣布；宣告 后接名词、代词或从句作宾语，也可用于Its announced that表示“对某人宣布，此时与介词to搭配。n. announcement 宣布；宣告announcer 播音员It has been announced that the vice president will resign.副总统已经将辞职的消息宣布了。China has announced to the world that she will never threaten any other country.

12、中国已对世界宣布永远不威胁其他任何国家。拓展：announce 多用于一般场合，强调首次口头公开宣布declare 多指郑重或正式宣告即学即练： The foreign minister of China Li Zhaoxing has _several foreign languages, so he is expert at the diplomatic affairs.A. learned B. studied C. grasped D. mastered I hear that you will be on travel again.Yeah. My boss _for me to d

13、iscuss business details with a merchant from Canada.A. asked B. arranged C. sent D. called The typhoon is coming!You dont have to worry; I have _a bus to transform the old and children.A. booked for B. arranged for C. prepared for D. called for The experiment turned out to be _failure. But, as we kn

14、ow, success often comes after _ failure.A. a; a B. /; / C. a; / D. /; a Everyone was silent as the chairman _the winner of “The Super Girl Competition.A. announced B. declaring C. saying D. spoke二重点短语1. I will never forget how happy I was when I set foot in China again and was back with my friend an

15、d my family.set foot in/on到达；进入；踏上1I left him, determined never to set foot in that house again.我离开了他，决心再也不踏进那个家门。2Setting foot on the China mainland, I felt proud of being a Chinese.一踏上中国大陆，我就感觉到作为中国人的自豪。；开始; set out出发；开始;set an example树立典范;set aside把放置一边；搁置；setfree释放某人; set up树立；创办；开办2. Zhongguanc

16、un has had a positive effect on business as well as science.中关村无论对商业还是对科学都产生了积极的影响。have an effect on/upon对产生作用；对有影响 其中effect可以被no, great, much, little等形容词修饰，表示“很有/没有影响1The Chinese traditional medicine may have a better effect on your disease.中药或许对你的病有更好的作用。2Listening to music has a great effect on b

17、oth the mother and the baby.听音乐对母亲和婴儿都有很大影响。 常见短语：be in effect有效；生效 come/go into effect生效of no effect作表语没有作用 bring/put/carryinto effect使生效，实施3. Relying on science, technology and knowledge to increase economic power.rely on/upon sb. / sth. 依赖；依靠；信赖；指望 常用结构：rely on sb. doing /to do sth. 指望/依赖某人做某事rel

18、y on it that信任；放心 1He is a man of honesty and we may rely on his promises.他是一个老实的人，我们可以信赖他的诺言。2I rely on the businesswoman to pay back the money she borrowed from me.我相信那位女商人会把借我的钱还回来的。3You may rely on it that your boyfriend will come to meet you.你放心好了，你的男朋友会来接你的。拓展：depend on依靠；依赖；信任；信赖That depends/

19、It all depends.视情形而定。4. We are not making that much money yet, but we are excited about all the new technology and great ideas that are coming to life in Zhongguancun.我们目前还没有挣到那么多的钱，但是我们为所有这些在中关村富有活力的新技术和卓越的想法感到冲动。come to life变得活泼，苏醒过来表示“苏醒过来还可用come back to life和come to oneself1Interestingly, you al

20、ways come to life when you are together with your boss.有趣的是，和老板在一起的时候，你总是很活泼。2There is no need to worry about him, he will be sure to come to life.没有必要担忧他，他肯定能苏醒过来。其他短语：bringto life使复活；使苏醒；lose ones life丧生；lead/live alife过生活；all ones life/throughout life终生；一辈子 5. In 1995, the Chinese government put

21、forward a plan for “rejuvenating the nation by relying on science and education and it has helped Chinese scientists make many breakthroughs.1995年，中国政府提出了“科教兴国的方案，从而帮助中国的科学家取得了许多突破性进展。put forward提出；建议；推荐；将提前1They have put forward a plan for reducing the level of traffic.他们提出了一项减少交通流量的方案。2The proposa

22、l is quite reasonable. Who put it forward?这个建议非常合情合理，是谁提出来的？3The workers put the engineer forward for the position of chairman.工人们推荐那位工程师当主席。4The warm weather has put the harvest forward.暖和的天气使收获提前了。put构成的其他短语：put away储蓄；把收起来放好; put down平息；记录；放下； put off推迟；put up张贴；挂上；建立；put up with忍耐；容忍讨厌的人或物；put o

23、ut扑灭火；put through接通某人；put ones heart into全神贯注于；put into practice付诸实施6. China has long been a leader in the field of genetic research aimed at improving agriculture.在以提高农业生产为目标的基因工程领域里，中国长期以来都处于领先地位。aim at目的在于；企图；aimat把瞄准在被动结构：be aimed at目标是；目的是；旨在 名词短语：take aim at瞄准1Aiming your toy gun at others is

24、also not good behaviour.把玩具枪对准别人也是不好的行为。2These retired workers took exercise every day ,aiming at losing weight.这些退休工人每天锻炼，目的在于减肥。3His speech is obviously aimed at the boys who hadnt done well in the final exam.他的讲话明显是针对期末考试没有考好的那些学生的。课文中的其他短语：7. follow/realize ones dream实现梦想8. make a breakthrough作出

25、重大突破9. havein store有要发生，即将到来10. be home to是的所在地11. give hope to给以希望即学即练： How do you like the suggestion _by the woman scientist?It was quite reasonable.A. put down B. put up C. put forward D. put out We have worked out the plan, and now we must put it into_.A. fact B. practice C. reality D. dead Wil

26、l you come to my graduation ceremony tomorrow?_. I will probably be receiving an American friend then.A. Its up to you. B. All right. C. That depends. D. No problem. _trying to persuade his father to give up smoking, his letter was rejected.A. Aiming at B. Aimed at C. Being aimed at D. To aim at No

27、one can ignore the severe _violent TV programmes may have on children.A. evidence B. effect C. effort D. consequence三重点句型1. Whatever great achievements the future may have in store for China ,it is likely that many of them will be born in northwestern Beijing.whatever引导让步状语从句,表示“无论，不管相当于no matter wh

28、at, 两者可互换。既可放于主句前也可放于主句后1Whatever/No matter what books you may read, just remember to absorb what is of value.不管读什么书，记住吸取有价值的东西。2We will complete the project on time, whatever/no matter what happens.无论发生什么事情，我们都将按时完成这项任务。whatever还可引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，但no matter what只引导让步状语从句1) You may choose whatev

29、er you like in this supermarket.你可以在这家超市里挑选你喜欢的任何东西。2) Whatever the parents say is worth considering.父母不管说什么都值得考虑。2. The scientific center got started in the early 1980s, when Chen Chunxian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Science, opened the private research and development 中关村的科技园区早在20世纪80年

30、代就开始创立了，当时，陈春先一位中科院的研究员，开办了一所私人研究开展机构。1) when引导非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开，翻译时译成一个独立的句子。I seldom buy things at the weekend, when usually the shops are crowded.我通常不在周末购物，那时商店往往很拥挤。2) when 常用来引导并列句，带有“突然之意He was on the way home when a stranger stopped him.他正在回家的路上，这时有个陌生人拦住了他。3. Not all the new companies can su

31、cceed, but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money.not all“并非都表示局部否认，not也可被置于谓语的位置上。1Not all the employees are underpaid并非所有的雇员都工资低。2All the office computers are not made in China.办公室里的电脑并非都是中国制造的。not与both, always, everybody, everything, everywhere等连用时表示局部否认，意为：“并非都，此时

32、not也可被置于谓语的位置上。Not every novel sells well this season. /Every novel doesnt sell well this season.本季节并非每一本书都畅销。4. One of the mottos for the park makes it clear that science and business can and must work together to build the future.即学即练： Nowadays many parents have realized that its important to give

33、 a child a good education _it costs.A. how much B. however C. whatever D. whichever _I will do will be useful for me to learn a foreign language at university.A. What B. Whatever C. However D. Whenever It was an exciting moment for these fans this year, _for the first time in years their team won th

34、e World Cup.A. that B. while C. which D. when He was about to tell me the secret _someone patted him on the shoulder.A. as B. until C. while D. when I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with_.A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing构词法派生法 所谓派生法就是在词根前加前缀或在其后加后缀构成新词。加前缀一般不改变词性

35、，只是引起意义上的变化，加后缀一般意义变化不大，只是改变了词性常见前缀1表示否认意义的前缀：anti-反对；相反anti-sunburn防晒的；dis-不；无；相反；取消disappearance消失；in-/im-/il-/ir-不；无；非incorrect不正确的；impolite不礼貌的；illegal非法的；irregular不规那么的；mis-误；错；不misguide误导；non-非；无；不non-drinker不喝酒的人；un-(不；无；非；未；取消；相反的动作) unfair不公平的2其他前缀：co-(共同；一起) coworker协作工人；trans-越过；横过；超trans

36、migration移民；tele-远离telescope望远镜；bio-生活的；生物的biographer传记作者；super-超；超级superman超人；sub-下；次；亚；副subway地铁subtropics亚热带；mini-小；miniskirt超短裙；kilo-千 kilogram千克；fore-前；先；预先forearm前臂；auto-自动；自己 autocontrol自动控制；en-使形成某种状态；致使enable使能够；extra-以外；超过extra-bright特别光亮的；inter-在之间；互相interact 互相影响；over-过度over-work过度疲劳；pos

37、t-后 post-flight飞行后的；pre-预先 prewar战前的；re-再；重新 reconsider重新考虑；vice-副vice-president副总统常见后缀1常见的名词后缀：-er/-or/-ee被/受者 reporter记者，inventor创造家，employee员工；-ess女性actress女演员；-ese/-ian/-an国家/洲/职业的人Chinese中国人，musician音乐家，European欧洲人；-ist人；家；者typist打字员；-age场所；地点；费用；状态postage邮资；-ance状态；情况；性质performance表演；-dom状态；性质

38、；领域freedom自由；-ful充满handful一把；-hood身份；关系neighbourhood邻居关系；-ism主义socialism社会主义；-ity表示抽象ability能力；-ion表示状态instruction说明书，discussion讨论，organization组织，satisfaction满意；-ment运动；结果development开展；-ness状态；性质weakness弱点；-ship情况；状态；技巧；身份leadership领导阶层；-th结果；过程warmth温暖；-ty性质；状态；情况safety平安；-ure/-sure/-ture行为；状态；情况fa

39、ilure失败，pleasure快乐；mixture混合2常见的形容词后缀：-able能的comfortable舒适的；-al的central中央的；-en由制作/构成的wooden木制的；-ern方向的eastern的；-ful充满peaceful和平的；-ive倾向active活泼的；-ish如的childish孩子气的；-less没有的careless粗心的；-ly外观相似的，有性质的brotherly亲兄弟般的，orderly有秩序的；-some易于的troublesome麻烦的；-t的patient耐心的；-y性质wealthy有钱的3常见的副词后缀：-ly加在形容词后complet

40、ely完全地；-ward(s)表方向，加在介词、形容词后forwards向前地4常见的动词后缀：-en使、变得brighten使变亮；-ty/-ity使化，使成为beauty美化/solidarity 团结；-ize化，realize实现Unit 12 Fact and fantasy预习导学一词汇扫描 根据句意及各题括号中的汉语意思，从下面词语中选择适宜的单词，用其适当形式填空。applied servant collision companion permanent voyage prisoner gentle luggage1. The explosion killed John and

41、 his two_同伴.2. In order to make your trip easier, youd better not take much_行李.3. All the_(犯人)were transformed out of the flooded area by the armed police.4. Her eldest son was killed in the recent car_碰撞.5. She is a girl who is quiet,_温柔的and popular with her colleagues.6. This drug may cause_永久的bra

42、in damage to a child.7. Many public_公务员have been sent abroad for further training.8. Many university students are showing much interest in_应用的chemistry.9. During the long_航海to South China Sea, two soldiers were caring for us.二句型聚焦观察下面的句子，试着归纳其划线局部所包含的句型结构。1. He also suggested how inventions could be

43、 used in the future to allow man to do things that were considered impossible in his own time._.2. Jules Verne died in 1905,long before any of his dreams came true._.3 ., ships are disappearing all over the world and it is believed to be caused by a sea master._.4. They find themselves surrounded by

44、 colourful rocks, fishes, seashells and plants, all waving and moving slowly in the blue waters._.5. The document explains how to find a secret road to the center of the earth._.三语法平台观察下面单词及句中划线的词，试着归纳总结其构成特点。underground seashells underwater1. This store has stored a lot of food in case of flood._.2. Wash your hands so that your dirty hands wont dirty your new shirt._.【模拟试题】答题时间：40分钟*一、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最正确选项。Recently, a professor of philosophy哲学in the United