(整理版高中英语)名词考点典型陷阱题分析.doc
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1、名词考点典型陷阱题分析1. I found her sitting in the corner, reading _ newspaper, with _ in her eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为,既然news(消息)和 paper(纸)均为不可数名词,那么newspaper(报纸)也应是不可数的;同时认为“眼泪即“泪水,“水不可数,“泪水和“眼泪也应该不可数。【分析】最正确答案为C。newspaper和 tear均为可数名词,它们不仅可以连用不定冠词、可以用
2、复数,而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears. 她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief. 她用手帕擦干了眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies. 报纸上一片谎话。A newspaper is a publication. 报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句,假设不是将 newspaper 当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西,而只是把它当成一种“纸来看待,也可用作不可数名词,如:Wrap it in (a sheet of) newspaper. 把它用张报纸包起来。2. Her fat
3、her works as a _ in a hotel and her mother a _ in a private company. A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为:cook 用作动词,表示“煮饭,所以 cooker 应是其相应的名词,表示“煮饭的人,即“厨师;type 用作动词,表示“打字,所以 typewriter 应表示“打字员。【分析】而事实是:cook=厨师,cooker=炊具;typist=打字员,typewriter=打字机。即
4、此题正确答案为B。3. “Why couldnt they meet us at five oclock? “Because they were delayed by _.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics【陷阱】B、C、D三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题,首先要明确traffic为不可数名词,没有复数形式,故排除B和D。另外,汉语习惯说“交通拥挤,而英语习惯上却不能用crowded 来修饰 traffic,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤,英语通常说heavy traffic,即选A。如下面一题也
5、是选A:She is not a competent driver and cant cope with driving in _.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficsC. crowded trafficD. crowded traffics4. In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem. A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选A,想当然地认为cattle是单数,并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。【陷阱】其
6、实,正确答案为B。cattle(牲畜,牛)为集合名词,尽管它不带复数词尾-s,却永远表示复数意义,假设用作主语,谓语要用复数。又如:For this many cattle were killed. 为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle. 囚犯像牲口一样被赶到一起。类似地,police(警察),people(人),police(警察),poultry(家禽)等也具有同样用法,即只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义;用作主语时谓语通常也用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:The poultry have be
7、en fed. 家禽已经喂过饲料了。In Britain police do not usually carry guns. 在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say “thank you. 遇到有人忘记道谢的时候,我就不痛快。5. By all _, you must try every _ to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means【陷阱】误选C,认为第一空前有all修饰,故用means,而第二空前有every修饰,故用mean。【分析】其
8、实,means是一个单复数同形的名词,并且永远带有尾-s。换句话说,在表示“方式、“方法时,不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词,表示“意思是;也可用作名词,表示“中间、“中庸)。此题正确答案为C,by all means为习语,意为“一定、“尽一切方法。顺便说一句,means用作主语时,其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。比拟:All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都已经试过了。Every possible means has been tried. 每种可能的方法都已经试过了。假设句意不能明确地说明主语的单复数,其谓语那么用单数或复数均可。如
9、:Is Are there any other means of getting more money? 还有其他什么方法可弄到更多钱吗?6. Jim is _ person, and everyone is willing to be _ with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friends C. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】误选C或D。认为 friend要用单数。【分析】其实此题最正确答案为A。so kind a person相当于such a kind person,注意两者中冠词的位
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