（整理版高中英语）全国各地高考英语编说明文.doc

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1、【三年经典】-全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：说明文类1.全国II完形填空 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on the bus or train on the _21_home from work in the evenings. A man will be_22_the newspaper, and seconds later it _23_ as if he is trying to _2

2、4_it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger_25_ next to him._26_ place where unplanned short sleep _27_ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring打鼾so _28_that the professor has to ask another student to_29_ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing为难situation occurs whe

3、n a student starts falling into sleep and the _30_ of the head pushes the arm off the_31_, and the movement carries the_32_ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no_33_ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when _34_ . Police reports are full of _35_ that occur when

4、people fall into sleep and go_36_ the road. If the drivers are _37_ , they are not seriously hurt. One womans car, _38_ , went into the river. She woke up in four feet of _39_ and thought it was raining. Whenpeople are really _40_，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-no matter where they are.2

5、1. A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. One27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28. A. brave

6、ly B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. c

7、hanges B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazy21-25ADCBD 26-30 CACBC 31-35BCADD 36-40BADBA2.湖南卷填空题完形Section

8、 C 12 marksDirections：Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context. Does going to college really pay off？Certainly! I remember taking _48_ English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read _49_ short stones and then disc

9、uss which one was better. After reading both，I wasnt sure. Over the _50_ several months, my professor taught me _51_ one story was so much better than the other wan humorous _52_ was rich in metaphor隐喻and character development, while the other was humorous _53_ too shallow. I couldnt see this at fir

10、st. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated an _54_ could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level. Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads _55_ greater success in ones life.按照样题及真题来推测，填空题完形应该是篇说明文，但今年的填空题完形文章的体裁有些出人意料

11、，是一篇记叙文。作者通过记录自己在大学的一个片段，得出大学对于学生的重要作用。48. 答案: an，名词前缺少冠词修饰，留意English前的冠词应填an；49. 答案: two，后文的better，both以及the other均有所提示；50. 答案: next，按照记叙文时间开展先后顺序，填next，此题略有难度；51. 答案: why，教授告诉我的是如何判断一个比另一个更好，所以应填why；52. 答案: one，后文while the other给与提示；53. 答案: but，while前后比照得出答案；54. 答案: I，此句缺少主语，容易得出答案I；55. 答案: to，固定搭

12、配lead to。整体来说，今年湖南高考英语完形局部虽有局部出人意料填空完形为记叙文，但从出题点及题目难度来说，与往年真题及样题差异不大，建议考生在今后的练习中多阅读，多背单词，多培养语感。quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Honey-Lovers Helper独特的掠食方式，帮助人和动物找到蜂蜜，待到他们吃掉蜂蜜后，它再

13、吃蜂蜡。科学家们对此也感到迷惑不解。60. Why is it difficult to find a wild bees nest?A. Its small in size.B. Its hidden in trees.C. Its covered with wax.D. Its hard to recognize.【答案】B 【解析】根据文章第一段“Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them.可知B正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解。61. What do the words the fol

14、lower in Paragraph 2 refer to? A. A bee. B. A bird. C. A honey seeker. D. A beekeeper.【答案】C 【解析】根据文章中“In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper一a little bird called a honey guide.可推知：跟在honey guide后面的是：people and animals，而他们统称为honey seeker寻找

15、蜂蜜的人或动物们。【考点定位】考查判断推理。62. The honey guide is special in the way_. A. it gets its food B. it goes to church C. it sings in the forestD. it reaches into bees nests【答案】A 【解析】根据文章的最后一段可知：Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.科

16、学家们都不知道为什么honey guide对蜂蜡感兴趣，当然他们获得蜂蜡的方式也更加特别。【考点定位】考查判断推理。63. What can be the best title for the text?A. Wild BeesC. Beekeeping in AfricaB. Wax and HoneyD. Honey-Lovers Helper【答案】D【解析】文章通篇都在表达有关Honey-Lovers Helper的事情，第一段通过表达引出Honey-Lovers Helper中心词；第二段表达Honey-Lovers Helper获取蜂蜡是过程；第三段科学家们对Honey-Lover

17、s Helper的感到迷惑。【考点定位】考查文章的标题总结。2.【全国II】(A)Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter (住所) as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all anim

18、als are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go in

19、side, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks

20、 or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pets water. Sometimes owners dont realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink. Animals that dont have clean and unfrozen water may

21、drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.【解析】根据第二段中的“If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When youre cold enough to go inside, they probably are too.可知：当你感到冷的时候就会进房间，它们也是如此。所以A正确。【考点定位】考查细节理解。43. If pets are left on their own outdoors in cold weather

22、, they may _.A. run short of clean waterB. dig deep holes for funC. dirty the snow nearbyD. get lost in the wild【答案】A【解析】根据文章第三段中的“a water bowl has frozen and their pet cant get anything to drink可知，当水盆被冻之后，宠物就可能找不到干净的水喝。应选A。【考点定位】考查细节理解。44. What is the purpose of this text?A. To solve a problem.B. T

23、o give practical advice.C. To tell an interesting story.D. To present a research result.【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的中心句“There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.可知，这是一篇说明文，其目的是为了给养宠物的人们一些实用的建议。【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。(B)You may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to le

24、arn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side? You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind d

25、irection tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the behind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wi

26、nd is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap (摆动). It shouldnt look like on a flagpole. If it is flapping, it i

27、s probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is

28、called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度。后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。45. What should you consider first while sailing?A. Sailors strength.B. Wave levels.C. Wind directions.D. Size of sails.【答案】C【解析】根据第二段中

29、的“First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it com48. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine.B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook.D. In an official report.【答案】A【解析】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。【考点定位】考查推理判断。3.【卷】CEating too much fatty foo

30、d, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure (暴露to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problem, but t

31、wo analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of expo

32、sure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of “moderate (良好quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

33、The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of

34、lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between .A. heart problems and air quality B. heart problems and exercisingC. hear

35、t problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food54. The underlined word “modest in Paragraph 3 most probably means .A. relatively high B. extremely lowC. relatively low D. extremely high55. What can we learn from the text?A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. The EPA con

36、ducted many studies on air quality.C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking,D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.56. The authors purpose of writing the text is most likely to . A. inform B. persuade C. describe D. entertainC C8 卷【要点综述】众所周知，摄入过多脂肪，缺乏锻炼以及长期吸烟会增加患心脏病的风险，但最新的

37、研究说明，另外一项我们平时不注意的东西更使我们患心脏病的风险大大增加，那就是我们所呼吸的空气。53【答案与解析】A 主旨大意题。根据本文主题句第一自然段的最后一句可知本文大意是说明空气质量和心脏病发病率之间的关系，选A。54【答案与解析】C 词义猜想题。modest原意是：谦虚的，温和的，由此可以推断出本文中其意思是：相对较低的，选C。55【答案与解析】D 事实细节题。根据最后一句可知此题选D。56【答案与解析】A 写作意图题。本文是一篇说明文，主要意思是说明人们所呼吸的空气和心脏病的发病率之间的关系，由此可知作者的写作目的是告知人们一个事实，故此题选A。4.【卷】EPlants are fl

38、owering faster than scientists predicted预测in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns, scientists say. Increased ca

39、rbon dioxideCO2in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth. “Predicting species reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology, said the researches of

40、several U.S. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services. The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four co

41、ntinents and 1,634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated低估the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times. “Across all species, the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance for both leafing and flowering that results from temperature increases, the study s

42、aid. The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said. Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis光合作用to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxyg

43、en which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet. Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about since 1900, and nearly every ten years since 1979. So far, efforts to cut emissions排放of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating

44、up beyond 2 this century a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.57. What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?A. Plants reaction to weather co

45、uld have damaging effects on ecosystem.B. The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.C. Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.D. Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.58. We can learn from the study published on the Nature website

46、 that _.A. plants flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafingB. there are 1,634 plant species on the four continentsC. scientists should improve the design of the experimentsD. the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change59. Scientists pay special attention to the study of pla

47、nts because _.A. they can prove the climate change clearlyB. they are very important in the food chainsC. they play a leading role in reducing global warmingD. they are growing and flowering much faster than before60. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperature?A. It has risen nearly since 1979.B. Its change will lead to weather extremes.C. It is higher in 1979 than that of 1990.D. It needs to be controll