（整理版高中英语）高二英语非谓语动词人教实验.doc

《（整理版高中英语）高二英语非谓语动词人教实验.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《（整理版高中英语）高二英语非谓语动词人教实验.doc（6页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高二英语非谓语动词人教实验版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容： 非谓语动词非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的句法功能名称语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词二、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题1. 不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按方案要做的事)2. 用带to的不定式作宾语的词语。以下词语常用带to 的不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want

2、、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。以下动词后可接疑问词+带to不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find out、advise、discuss等。3. 如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用带to的不定式作宾补的

3、几种情况： do sth.2主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done3主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.4. 不定式作定语的特殊用法。以下词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the

4、 last、the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.5. 不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .in order(not)to, so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough, too, s

5、o as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.6. 不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed

6、、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。说话时还未等很久Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。说话时已等了很久不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做的虚拟语气。Ashould like to / would like to / wo

7、uld love to + 不定式的完成时。Bwas / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。Cexpect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。7. 不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be,this is a question.He is

8、better to laugh than to cry.(表示比照)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do,后省to。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。why not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：He could not but

9、walk home.8. 不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了防止重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略只保存to即可。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保存原形be或have。如：Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished yourhomework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.三、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题1.

10、 动名词作宾语。以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, permit。以下动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty(in) , devote to, get used to, pay atten

11、tion to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从句中；作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continue, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It beg

12、an raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差异，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向，多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her

13、 at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will m

14、ean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回忆过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事懊悔4. try to do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，

15、就是 want, require, need例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing want to be done3. require doing require to be done四、分词复习应注意的几个问题1. 现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状

16、语分词作状语前面可加when, while等Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.Not having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.原因状语Seeing nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状

17、语的几个特性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时那么用完成式having done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规那么“主动进行，被动完成。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。2. 分词作表语。S. + be + 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be + 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。分词作宾补、不定式作宾补的区别：五、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。1. 过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.= Bec

18、ause he was tired by the trip, he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought , he almost ran into a car.=As he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car.2. 作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.3. 作条件状语Given more time, I would ha

19、ve worked out the problem.=If I have been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.4. 伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had t

20、o stay at home looking after him.六、精典名题导解1. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET )A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered解析：答案为A。此题考查分词短语作状语的用法。分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，而本句的主语看似是it,其实它为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，而不定式省略了逻辑主语for people，所以应用现在分词，又因already，应用

21、完成时。2. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(春季高考)A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to correct解析：答案为B。此题考查动名词作介词宾语的用法。介词by意为“通过，凭，后面常接动名词，形成“by+ v. ing 结构，表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。此题中只有correcting符合。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.(春季高考)A. having hung B. hanging C. han

22、gs D. being hung解析：答案为B。此题考查现在分词作定语的用法。根据句意“墙上挂的那幅画是我侄子画的，可知空白处所填的动词形式在句中作定语，表说话时仍在进行的动作或所处的状态，解题关键在于分析picture与hang之间的逻辑关系。【模拟试题】非谓语动词专题练习1. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 2. Im going to the supermarket this af

23、ternoon. Do you have anything _?A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. to be bought3. _in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited4. _the programme, they have to stay there for another two w

24、eeks.A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. I had no choice but _ there alone.A. walking B. walked C. to walk D. walk 6. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 7. Mr Smith, _of the _ sp

25、eech, started to read a novel.A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring 8. The teacher asked us _so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make9. _time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given10. In some parts

26、 of London, missing a bus means_ another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting11. Why did you go back to the shop? I left my friend_there.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits12. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting

27、 D. expects13. Jane was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 14. _in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding15. When _help, one often says “Thank you. Or

28、“It is kind of you.A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered16. The teacher couldnt make himself _ attention to because they were too noisy.A. pay B. paid C. to pay D. to be paid17. Which do you enjoy _ your weekends, fishing or watching TV?A. spending B. spend C. being spent D. to spend18

29、. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 高考原题：19. He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 20. He hurried to the stati

30、on only _that the train had left.A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found【试题答案】1. D catch sb. doing sth. 抓住某人正在做某事2. D “我要去超市，你有没有东西要买。应用Do you have anything to buy?3. C Tom与wait是主动关系，且非谓语局部状语用了for half an hour,应完成时4. C doing 的否认形式是not doing ；to do的否认形式是not to do5. C have no choice but to do

31、sth.6. A but 前有实义动词do时but 后的动词不定式省去to7. A v-ed作形容词用来修饰人的心理感受，v-ing作形容词用来修饰事物8. D ask sb. (not) to do sth.9. D give与主语he是被动关系10. A mean doing意味着 mean to do打算做某事12. B 疑问词+ to do 13. A make/let/have sb. do sth.使某人做某事 这些动词短语的被动语态被省去的to要复原14. C 15. D 当时间/条件状语从句与主句的主语是同一个时，从句的主语与be可以省略。 When (one is) offered,.16. B17. C18. D19. A20. A only to do 结果出乎意料