机械设计过程外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docx

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1、机械设计过程外文文献翻译、中英文翻译 附录 英文 Machine design process The machine is the organization with other components combinations, transforms，the transmission or using the energ，the strength or the movement example for the beneficial use has the enginethe turbine wheel，the vehicles the hoist，the printer，the washer

2、 and the movie camera Many is suitable tbr the machine design principle and the strength law also is suitable to is not the genuine machine finished productthe driven wheel hub and the file cabinet to the measuring appl iance and the nuclear pressure vessel”Machine designt this terminology compared

3、to”machine design”more generalized，it including machine designBut regarding certain instruments1ike uses to determine hot， the mobile line and the volume thermal energy as well as the fluid aspect question needs alone to considerBut when machine design must consider the movement and the structure as

4、pect question as well as preserved and the seal stipulationIn the mechanical engineering domain and all that project domain application machine design，all need such as mechanism and so on the svdtch, cam，valve，vessel and mixer The design beginning tO being true or the imagination needThe existing in

5、strument possibly needs in the durability，the efficiency，the weight，the speed or the cost performs to improvehe possible need new instrument tO complete before made the function by the person1ike t was abundant Assembly or maintenanceAfter the goal completely or partially determines，the design next

6、step is the idea carl complete needs the ffmction the organization and its the arrangement for this，the free hand drawing schematic diagram value is enormous，it not only takes a person idea the recording and the auxiliarymethod which if the other people discusses，moreover especially is suitable for

7、with own idea exchange，also needs to concern as the creative mentality stimulant to the part widespread knowledge，because a new machine frequently by knew very well each kind of components rearrange or the replace become，perhaps changed the size and the materialRegardless of after idea process or，a

8、designer call carry on fast either the sketchy computation or the analysis determines the general size and the feasibilityAfter about need or may use the spatial mete idea determination，may start according to the proportion picture schematic diagram When several components approximate shapes and sev

9、eral sizes come out， the analysis was allowed truly to startThe analysis goal lies in enable it to have satisfying or the superior performance，as well as will seek the best proportion and the size under the smallest weight security and the durability and the competitive cost designer for each essent

10、ial load bearing section，as well as several components intensities balance then choice material and processing methodThese important goals only have through only then may obtain based on the mechanism analysis，like about reacting force and friction most superior use principie of statics；About inerti

11、a，acceleration and energy principle of dynamics：About stress and deflection material elasticity and intensity principle； About material physical behavior principle；About lubrication and water power actuation hydromechanics principleThe analysis may identical engineer which arranges by the idea machi

12、nery do，or makes the analysis in the big company by the independent analysis department or the research group the result，possible need new arrangement and new sizeNo matter is officially does or unofficial does，supposes Japan is relapse and the cooperation processthe analysis staff may play the role

13、 to all stages but not merely is he stage. Some design criteria In this part，some people suggested carries on the analysis using the creative manner，this kind of analysis may cause the significant improvement as well as to the spare product idea and the consummation，the product function moremore eco

14、nomical，is perhaps more durable The creation stage does not need is at first and the independent stageAlttlough the analysis staff possibly certainlv is not responsible for the entire design，but he not meyely is can from the numeral proposc wants question correct answer which he soIVes，not merely is

15、 Droduces the stress value，the size or the work limit. He may propose a more widespread opinion，in order to improvement standard or plan. Because before the analysis or in the analysis process，he can familiar install and its the working conditionhe is in an idea to prepare chooses the plan the ranta

16、ge PoinlBest he can propose the suggestion transfigure eliminates the moment of force or the stress concentration，but was not the permission constructs has the blg sectlon and the excessively many dynamic loads organization should better be he discards his careful desi；n but is not afterwards saw th

17、e machinery discarded. In order to stimulate the creative thought，below suggested designs the personnel and the analysis staff uses the criterion. The first 6 criteria especially are suitable for the analysis staff,although he possibly involves to possesses this l o items. 1Creatively the use needs

18、the physical performance and the control does not need 2Knows the practical load and its the importance. 3D00s not consider the function load in advance. 4Invents the more advantageous loading environment. 5Provides the minimurn weight the most advantageous stress distribution and the rigidity 6uses

19、 the fundamental equation computation proportion and causes the size optimization 7The selection material obtains the perlbrmance combination 8In between spare parts and integrated components carefid choice 9Revisions functional design adapts the production process and reduces the cost 10In the cons

20、ideration assembly causes the part pintpointing and mutually does not disturb Designs the personnel to have in such domain，like the statics，the inematics，dynamics and the materials mechanics have the good accomplishment，in additionbut also must familiar make the material and the manufacture craftDes

21、igns the personnel to have to be able to combine all collrelations the fact，carries on teaches Weithe manufacture schematic diagram and the charting comes the manufacture request totransmit the workshop Any product design one of first step of work is the choice uses in to make each part the material

22、Today design personnel may obtain innumerablyWhen choice，the product function，the outward appearance，the material cost and the production cost very are all importantBefore any computation must carefully appraise the material the performanceIt is the necessary careful computation to guarantee the des

23、ign the validity The computation ever does not appear on the chart，but is saved by ten each kind of reasonOnce any part expires，had make clear when is designing at first this had the flaw the components has made any； Moreover，。from was allowed to obtain all experience document to the past project co

24、mputation inWhen needs to be similar when design，the past record could have the enormous help When in the chart has not assigned the accurate size，the majority organization all has is suitable for the size general common differenceRegarding the finishing sizethe general common difference possibly is

25、 士O5 the millimeterTherefore，is assigned is 15.0 millimeters sizes scopes may be l4.5 millimeters to 15.5 millimeters betweenOther general common differencesmay be suitable for like the angle，the drill hole and jetting，the casting，the forging， the welded joint and weld situation and so on angleWhen

26、gives components assigns the common difference，may refer to before chart or general project practiceThe typical common difference is assigned for martiallooking to become the scope which the JSO standard definesAssigns the common difference regarding，for instance H7s6，regarding the components size w

27、hich studies is having a group tO be possible to use with the graph correspondence valueUnder this section will produce about installs aperture in axis or the cylindrical coordinate concrete example The preliminary design produces satisfiedly assigns the demand the solutionThe preliminary design may

28、 represent the composition overall system all subsystems and the spare part sum totalIon and Smith for by a series of form the preliminary design description a relapse process which is composed with the appraisal stage，various stages gather the solution which forms in the same placeIn the repeatedly

29、 each stage，the idea is more detailed，may a more comprehensive appraisal After has had the idea and the ideanext steP is carries on the appraisal and the choice best idea l appraisal method to them is the use tabulates the matrix The matrix is composedthe idea by a series of criteria to have to draw

30、 support from them to hit the minuteIf is appropriate，the criterion importance may the weightin9，the most suitable idea be able to have the maximum total scoreThis method provided organizations appraisal technologyindividual which moreover caused in the team to be very difficult to carry out they un

31、reasonable idea Has had the preliminary solution，next step expresses them，in order to they can with all involve the system design process the person exchanges in fact，this step may use the plan schematic diagram or the threedimensional model tbrm， also but the physical model also but the computer pr

32、oduces modelAfter completes to the general diagram oneself and carries on calculates determined when solution regarding product design standard compatibility，the detailing stage foundation has established 中文 机械设计过程 机器是机构与其他零件的组合，为了有益的用途而转换、传递或利用能量、力、或者运动实例有发动机、涡轮、车辆、卷扬机、印刷机、洗衣机和电影摄影机。许多适用于机器设计的原理和力法

33、也适用于不是真正机器的制成品，从轮毂盖和档案橱柜到仪表和核压力容器。“机械设计”这一术语比“机器设计”更为广义，它包括机器设计。而对于某些仪器，如果以确定热、流动线路和体积的热力以及流体方面的问题要单独考虑。但是，在机械设计是要考虑运动和结构方面的问题以及保存和封装的规定。在机械工程领域以及其他工程领域应用机械设计，都需要诸如开关、凸轮、阀门、容器和搅拌器等机械装置。 设计始于真正的或想象的需要。现有的仪器可能需要在耐用性、效率、重量、速度或成本上加以改进。可能需要新的仪器来完成以前由人做的功能，如生产、装配或保养。目标全部或部分地确定后，设计的下一步就是构思能够完成所需功能的机构及其布置，为

34、此，徒手画草图价值极大，它不但作为一个人想法的记录和与其他人讨论的辅助手段，而且尤其适用于与自己的想法交流，作为创造性思路的兴奋剂还需要有关部件的广泛知识，因为一台机器常常由熟知的各类零件重新安排或替换而成，也许改变了尺寸和材料。无论在构思过程还中还是之后，一个设计者都会进行快速或粗略的计算或分析以确定一般尺寸和可行性。当这些关于所需或可用空间量的想法确定后，可以开始按比例画草图。 当几个零件的大致形状和几个尺寸出来后，分析就可以真正的开始了。分析的目的在于使其具有令人满意的或者优越的性能，以及在最小重量下的安全性和耐用比和有竞争力的成本设计师将为每一个关键的承载截面寻找最佳的比例和尺寸，以及

35、几个零件强度的平衡然后选择材料和处理方法。这些重要的目标只有通过机械原理的分析才可以得到，如关于反作用力和摩擦的最优利用的静力学原理；关于惯性、加速度和能量的动力学原理；关于应力和挠度的材料的弹性和强度原理；关于材料的物理行为原理；关于润滑和水力驱动的流体力学原理。分析可以由构思机械安排的同一个工程师来做，或者在大公司里由独立的分析部门或研究组来做分析的结果，可能需要新的安排和新的尺寸。不管是正式做的或非正 式做的，设计师一个反复和合作的过程，分析人员可以对所有阶段起作用而不仅仅是他自己的阶段。 一些设计准则 在这一部分，有人建议运用创造性的态度进行的分析，这种分析可以引起重大改进以及对备用产

36、品的构思和完善，也许产品功能更多、更经济、更耐用。创造阶段无需是最初和独立的的阶段。虽然分析人员可能并不负责整个设计，但是他不仅仅是能从数字上提出要他解决的问题的正确答案不仅仅是给出应力值、尺寸或者工作限制。他可以提出更广泛的见解，以便改进规范或方案。由于分析前或分析过程中，他会熟悉装置及其工作条件他就处于一个构思备选方案的有利位置，最好他能提出建议改变形状来消除力矩或应力集中，而不是允许构建具有大截面和过多的动态载荷的机构最好是他报废他的细致的设计而不是后来看到的机械报废。 为了激发创造性思维，建议设计人员和分析人员使用以下准则。前六项准则尤其适用于分析人员，虽然他可能涉及到所有这十项。 1

37、创造性的利用所需的物理性能并控制不需要的。 2认识实用载荷及其重要性。 3预先考虑没有作用的载荷。 4发明更有利的加载条件。 5提供最小重量的最有利的应力分布和刚性。 6用基本方程计算比例并使尺寸最优化。 7选取材料以获得性能组合。 8在备件和集成零件间仔细选择。 9修改功能设计一适应生产过程和降低成本。 10考虑装配中使部件精确定位和互不干扰。 整个机械设计是一个复杂的过程，设计人员必须在这样的领域，如静立学、运动学、动力学和材料力学具有良好的素养，此外，还必须熟悉制造材料和制造工艺。设计人员必须能够组合所有相关的事实，进行构思、制作草图和制图来把制造要求传递到车间。 任何一个产品设计的第一步工作是在选择用于制造每个部件的材料，今