（整理版高中英语）十一简单句和复合句.doc

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1、十一、简单句和复合句 一概述I.句子的种类1、按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感慨句。1陈述句Declarative Sentences：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.说明事实The film is rather boring.说明看法2疑问句Interrogative Sentences：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句General Questions：Can you finish the work in time? b.特殊疑问句W Questions; H Questions：Where do you liv

2、e? How do you know that? c.选择疑问句Alternative Questions：Do you want tea or coffee? d.反意疑问句Tag-Questions：He doesnt know her, does he? 3祈使句Imperative Sentences：提出请求, 建议或发出命令, 例如： Sit down, please. Dont be nervous! 4感慨句Exclamatory Sentences：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪, 例如： What good news it is! How beautiful the pa

3、rk is !2、句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：1简单句Simple Sentences：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句, 例如：She is fond of collecting stamps. (主) (谓)2并列句Compound Sentences：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句, 句 与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接, 例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓) (主)(谓)3复合句Complex Sentences：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句, 从句由附属连词引导, 例如：The

4、 film had begun when we got to the cinema.主句 从句II.五种根本句型五种根本句型Basic Sentence Patterns：英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种根本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：1主 + 动SV例如： I work.2主 + 系 + 表SVP例如：John is busy.3主 + 动 + 宾SVO例如：She studies English.4主 + 动 + 宾 + 补SVOC例如：Time would prove me right.5主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾SVOiOd例如： My mother made me a

5、new dress.二三大从句之一：定语从句 I. 知识重点1. 熟练掌握并使用引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。2. 准确运用介词关系代词中的介词。3. 区分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。II. 知识呈现主 从复 合句用 法分 类说 明例 句定语从句在复合句中担任定语的分句限 制性 定语 从句 紧跟 先行 词, 不 用逗 号分 开先行词表人：关联词为who主语, whom宾语,whose定语,其先行词也可以是“物, that可替换who, 但不可替换whoseThe man who/that is waiting for me is my father. The girl whom we

6、 want to meet is Carla.The boy with whom I went shopping is Tom.I bought a book whose cover is black.This is the man whose wallet was stolen yesterday.先行词表物：关联词为which,that主语, 宾语I remember the days which/that we spent together. This is the street through which the cars pass. 先行词表时间：关联词为when时间状语I stil

7、l remember the days when I studied at this school. 先行词表地点：关联词为where地点状语This is the house where I once lived.先行词为reason只有reason 一个单词, 关联词为whyThe reason why he was late for school yesterday is unknown.定语从句在复合句中担任定语的分句非限制性定语从句与先行词用逗号隔开, 二者关系较松散先行词表人：关联词为who主语, whom宾语,whose定语,其先行词也可以是“物The man ,who was

8、a popular singer,died in . The house ,whose windows face east, is burned down.先行词表物：关联词为which,主语, 宾语The bridge,which is the oldest in this city,is 200 metres long.先行词表时间：关联词为when时间状语We will put off the picnic until the next week,when the weather may be better.先行词表地点：关联词为where地点状语This summer I am goi

9、ng to Hangzhou,where there is a beautiful lake.as,which修饰整个句子；此种用法中as有“正如, 正像的意思As we know, the moon goes round the earth.The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.特别提示：1、关系词的选择1一看先行词的意义, 即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因, 如指物时不能用who或whom, 指人时通常不用which等。2二看关系词的句法功能, 即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分, 是作主语还是宾语 是作定语还是

10、状语等, 如作定语通常用whose, 有时也用which；作状语要用when,where,why。注意, 不要一看先行词为时间地点原因的名词, 就认为一定要用when,where,why来引导定语从句, 要注意分清它们在定语从句中充当什么成分。如：I forget the time when he will come.我忘记了他来的时间。when引导定语从句, 在定语从句中用作状语I forget the time that he told me.我忘记他告诉我的时间。that引导定语从句, 在定语从句中用作宾语The reason why he cant come is that he is

11、 ill.why引导定语从句, 在定语从句中用作状语The reason that he told me is not true.that引导定语从句, 在定语从句中用作宾语3看从句的种类, 即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句, 如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。2、关系词的辨析that 与which ：两者都可指物, 常可互换, 其区别是：1引导非限制性定语从句或直接放在介词后作宾语时, 要用which。如：Peter drove too fast,which was dangerous. This is a subject about which we might ar

12、gue for a long while.2领先行词为不定代词或被其修饰、受the very,the only, the same 等修饰、受形容词最高级或序数词包括last, next 等修饰、关系词在定语从句中用作表语或先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时, 通常用that。如： All that can be done must be done. This is the only book( that) I find useful.The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.China is not the count

13、ry (that) it was.as 与which的区别：1引导限制性定语从句时, 在such,as,the same 后只能用as, 其他情况用which。如：He is not such a fool as he looks.他并不像看起来那么傻。He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.他抽一种他买得起的最贵的烟。(2)引导非限制性定语从句时, 有时两者可互换, 但假设位于主语之前, 那么只能用as 如：I live a long way from work, as /which you know. As is known

14、to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.另外, as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致, which无此限制。如：He went abroad,as/which was expected. 他出国了, 这是大家预料到的。He went abroad,which was unexpected.他出国了, 这让大家感到很意外。不用as3、定语从句与并列句有的考题为了增加难度与试题的灵活性, 通常将定语从句与并列句结合起来考查, 此时同学们要特别注意句中是否有并列连词and,but等, 比拟：(1) H

15、e has two children,and both of _ are abroad. A. them B. which C. whom D. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who第1题选A, 第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and, 从而使整个句子为并列句, and后应是一个独立的简单句, 所以选A 不选C；第2题没有并列连词and, both of whom are abroad.为非限制性定语从句。III. 高考真题 1.07His movie won sev

16、eral awards at the film festival, _was beyond his wildest dream. A. whichB. that C. whereD. it2.07 Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 3.07 Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both

17、of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom4.07 We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy.A. that B.which C. what D. whom5.07湖南By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. A. who B. which C. what D

18、. that 6.07He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. A. after whichB. after that C. in whichD. in that7.07After gradutation she reached a point in her career she needed to decide what to do. 8.07全国ISome pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simp

19、le games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where9.07 Today, well discuss a number of cases beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 10.07春The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad. A. that B. all that C. all what D. which11.07It is reported th

20、at two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which12.07 Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where13.07 Chans restaurant on Baker

21、 Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. A. that B. which C. who D. where 14.07 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose.A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which15.07 Eric received training in computer fo

22、r one year, _ he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this16.( 06)The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. A. who B. that C. as D. which17.06Look out!

23、 Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. A. whoseB. whichC. of whichD. what18.06湖南We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses. A. to which B. to whomC. with whom D. with which19.06I saw a woman running toward me i

24、n the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _she had come. A. of whichB. by whichC. in which D. from which.20.06Do you have anything to say for yourselves? Yes, theres one point we must insist onA. why B. where C. how D. /21.06Women drink more than two cups of

25、 coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. A. who ; / B. / ; whoC. who ; who D. / ; / 22.06Were just trying to reach a point _both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which23.06She was educated at Beijing University, _she went on to

26、have her advanced study abroad. A. after whichB. from which C. from that D. after that24. ( 06) I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which25.(06)I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the school, most_were from Ge

27、rmany.A. study; of whom B. study; of themC. studying; of themD. studying; of whom26.( 06)The Beatles,many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. A. what B. thatC. how D. as27.( 06春)You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, is always busy at the weekend. A. that B. where

28、 C. what D. which28.05全国I. III have many friends, some are businessmen. A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom 29.05 Why does she always ask you for help? There is no one else _ , is there?A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn toD. for her to turn30.05If a shop has chairs _

29、women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where31.05Last month, part of Southeast Asia was stuck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what32.05 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to , _

30、he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. A. during which time B. for which time C. during whose time D. by that time33.05Her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. A. who B. that C. what D. which34.05湖南Franks dream was to have his own shop_ to produce the workings of

31、 his own hands. A. that B. in which C. by which D. how 35.05The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which 36.05The way he did it was different _we were used to. A. in which B. in what C. fro

32、m what D. from which37.05I walked in our garden, _Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A. which B. when C. where D. that 38.05 Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight o clock_ he arrived home. A. before B. when C. that D. until 39.05 Is that the small town

33、you often refer to? Right, just the one_ you know I used to work for years. A. that B. which C. where D. what4005He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this41.05Jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the

34、office. A. which B. that C. this D. it42. 05_ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next morning. A. When B. after C. As D. Since43.05The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. a

35、t which; where D. which; in which44.05Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A. in which B. by which C. which D. that45.(05春)Do you still remember the chicken farm we visited three months ago? A. where B. wh

36、en C. that D. what46.05全国IIThe doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 47.04George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. A. the real nameB. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name48.04_ is r

37、eported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What49.04Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which50.(04) is often the case, we have worked out the produc

38、tion plan. A. Which B. As C. What D. When51.(09全国1)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.A.them B.who 52.(09全国2)Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_wasveykindofhim.A.which B.that C.where53.()-Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob?-Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_youaredoingsomethingseriousbutint

39、eresting.A.whereB.which 54.(09湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _name will create a picture of beautiful treesand green grass in our mind.55.(09湖南)Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhich D.intowhich56.(09)Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithot

40、herstogobeyondourselves.A.why B.what C.that 57.(09)WheneverImether,_wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.who B.which C.when 58.(09)Itshelplfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.that B.when C.which 59.(09)Many children, _parents are away working in big cities, are tak

41、en good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom60.(09)Aperson_e-mailaccountisfullwontbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.who B.whom C.whose 61.(09)Theyvewontheirlastthreematches,_Ifindabitsurprisingactually.A.that B.when C.what 62. (09)I have reached a point in my life_I am supposed to ma