（整理版高中英语）高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测考点7非谓语动词.doc

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1、高中英语总复习经典易错题会诊与试题预测 考点7 非谓语动词非谓语动词的类别和句法功能非谓语动词的时态和语态非谓语动词的固定搭配非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否认形式经典易错题会诊1.(典型例题)I think youll grow him when you know him better. A.liking B.to be like C.to like D.to be liking 考场错解 A 专家把脉 动词grow有“到达做某事的程度或地步的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是“喜欢上他的动词like而不是“像他的介词like. 对症下药 C2.( 典型例题)Its necessary t

2、o be prepared for a job interview. The answers ready will be of great help. 考场错解 A或B 专家把脉 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表示一般的行为动作而不定式做主语那么表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。 对症下药 D3.( 典型例题)The flowers sweet in the botanic garden attract the vi

3、sitors to the beauty of nature. D.to be smelt 考场错解 A 专家把脉 从四个选项的设置来看，此题考查不定式和分词作定语的区别。分析题干可知，smell这里应当是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，所以不能用被动形式，可以排除C和D。主语出the flowers与非谓语动词之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，而且强调的是目前的状态，现在分词符合。 对症下药 B4.( 典型例题) “We cant go out in this weather, said Bob, out of the window. A.looking B.to look C.looked D.havi

4、ng looked 考场错解 D 专家把脉 句意是Bob说话时的伴随动作，那么是现在分词用作伴随状语了。此时没有完成式。 对症下药 A5.( 典型例题) Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . 考场错解 B专家把脉 此题考查不定式与分词作宾补的区别。宾补与parents之间有逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词作宾补。get parents worried意思是“使父母担忧， worried表示状态。 对症下药 B6.(典型例题) The repair c

5、ost a lot, but its money well . A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending考场错解 C 专家把脉 前文意为:修理花了很多钱。说明动作已经发生，过去分词作定有完成被动的含义。 对症下药 B专家会诊 非谓语动词句法功能的考前须知: 不定式 1.介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时exceptbut意为“除了，除去。其主要搭配有: can but + 动词原形;只能、只得 cannot help(choose)but + 动词原形:不能不 do nothing but + 动词原形:只做 T

6、here is nothing to do but + 动词原形: 只有做 have no choice but to do:只有做例如:The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot. (省略 to) I cannot choose but tell him the truth. (省略 to) She could do nothing but leave. (省略 to)I have no choice but to cry. (不能省略to)2.不定式在使役动词have，let，make以及感官动词see，

7、look at，watch，notice，observe，hear， listen to，feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to play in the park.3.不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式

8、后须有相应的介词。但名词way，place，way除外。例如: He is not a man to tell lies. ( 主谓关系 ) There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth. ( 动宾关系 ) Here is some paper for you to write on. The boy has a nice pen to write with. We found a way to solve this problem (in).通常使用不定式作定语的情况有:(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或n

9、o， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有:ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，time等。例如: During my holidqy I borrowed some books to read.(表将来)She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. (有序数词修饰) I have no chance to escape. (修饰

10、抽象名词)Do you have the ability to read French? (修饰抽象名词)4.不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用；表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有will，shall，should， would，can，must，could等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a rest. (表目的 ) He woke up to find everybody gone. (表结果) Im very pleased to hear from him.

11、(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐) To look at him, you cant help laughing. (表条件，谓语动词含有can) He was too excited not to say a word. (表程度) He is old enough to go to school. (表程度) 过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别:这三种形式作定语，主要是表达在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来

12、的动作。例如: The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (将要修建的) The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (正大修建的) The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero. (己经修建了的) Have you read the novel written by Dickens? He is a teacher loved anti respected by all stude

13、nts. (没有时间性) Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men. (表正在) The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important. (表将来) 在英语中，表示“感觉状态的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示感到，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如: interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的 exciting令人感到冲动的exc

14、ited感到冲动的 shocking令人感到震惊的shocked感到震惊的 过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别: 1.感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，observe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，let，make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如: I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now. (表示主动，完成) I heard her s

15、inging a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night. (表示正在进行) I heard the Chinese song sung many times. (表示被动) The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the front after a short rest. ( 不能用make) I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (表示状态) I was surprised to find my homet

16、own changed a lot. (表示完成) 2.动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态。例如: It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. (主动，正在进行) The guests left most of the dishes untouched. ( 被动，完成) My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work. (主动，将来) My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done.

17、(被动，将来)过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别:1.一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如:Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown. 2.现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如: Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well. Helped by the teacher, she has

18、learned English well.3.现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如: Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended. Used in this way，the word shouldnt be taken as a verb. Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly. 独立主格结构 分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子

19、的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如:Winter having come, its getting colder and colder. The homework finished,the child went home. His leg badiy hurt,he had to stay in bed. Time permitting, well visi

20、t the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall,the sun shinning upon her. 从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。 独立主格结构也可以由“withwithout + 名词或代词 + 分词、不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语构成。例如: The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth opon. With his parents away, the boy became naughtier. The teacher c

21、ame into the classroom,with a book in her hand ( = book in hand). She sat still, with her eyes closed. ( 被动,状态) She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling. (主动,正在) With you to help me , I could do it better. (主动，将来) With a lot of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday. (被动，完成)

22、With a lot of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time. (被动,将来)垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语局部中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken him along time to find a clinic. ( searching 的逻辑主语是句中him 所指的人)Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. (walking

23、 or sleeping 的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我)Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. ( using 的逻辑主语泛指“我们)考场思维训练1 such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on.A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered答案: A 解析:suffering在谓语动词动作之前发生。2 When last valuable, those bo

24、oks enjoyed great success.A. finding B. found C. being found D. to be found答案: B解析:相当于when last the books were found valuable。3 How pleased the detective was _ what his customer told him!A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. to hearing答案: B解析:be pleased to do sth.4 Ill thank you _ my affairs alone.I wil

25、l. It is none of my business.A. to have left B. for leaving C. to leave D. for having left答案: C解析:这里不是thank you for(doing)sth.结构，是谢谢的前提。1.(典型例题苏)Is Bob still performing? Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to

26、 be left 考场错解 C或B 专家把脉 从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主语是he，不存在被动，应选项 A最正确。 对症下药 A2 (典型例题)_in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 考场错解 A 专家把脉 受到for a week的影响，考生容易误选 A。这里非谓语动词的逻辑主语是the two students，而lose是

27、及物动词，应当用被动来表示，或是lose oneself结构。选项A如果改成Having been lost也是正确答案。 对症下药 B3.(典型例题 ) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed考场错解 A 专家把脉 此题很容易误选A，把它动作谓语动词。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后，相当于定语从句which will follow的省略。这里动词follow是指“某事在时间或空间上在其他事物之后的含义。 对

28、症下药 C4.(典型例题) The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 考场错解 A 专家把脉 only + to do常用作结果状语，表示一种出乎意外的结果，意为“结果却。这里the news repoaers与tell之间是被动关系，所以不定式中用被动形式。 对症下药 B 考场错解 C5.(典型例题) The old man,_ abroad for twenty, years, is on the

29、 way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 考场错解 C 专家把脉 根据后面on the way back的提示，可以知道work这一动作已经结束，所以应该用非谓语动词的完成式；再依据句中的逗号排除选项C 对症下药 D 6.(典型例题) You were silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked考场错解 A专家把脉 You are silly后接不定式一

30、般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作；接不定式的完成式表示先于谓语动词的动作。“没锁上汽车是指谓语动词之前的动作，所以用完成式。对症下药 B7.(典型例题) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated B. Having separated C. Having been separated D. To be separated考场错解 A或B 专家把脉

31、 从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动作之前，又是被动关系，用现在分词的完成被动式是最适宜的。 对症下药 C 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。例如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again(hear from和his father之间是被动关系) The book is sid to have been tramlated into many languages(translate和the book之间是被动关系)注意：不

32、定式中使用主动代替被动的情况：(1)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如: I havent got a key to unlock the door.(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key)(2)不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如: I havent got a book to read(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语)(3)不定式作宾语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for pe

33、ople。例如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand.He is hard ( for me) to work with. (4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如: There is a lot of to be done. (工作被作)There is a lot of to do. (需要人去做)动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，那么用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这

34、样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如:We are interested in playing chess. (同时) She is looking forward to hearing from you again. (之后) Im sorry for not having kept my promise. (之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone. (被动) The house showed no sign of having been damaged.(之前，被动)考场思维训练1 There is

35、no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.A. to see B. seeing C. to be seen D. seen答案: C解析:不定式和逻辑主语是被动关系。2 _ in 1963,and in Philadelphia,Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.A. Being born; h

36、aving raised B. Bom; raised C. Was born; was raised D. Born; raising答案: B解析:没有强调时间的先后。3 I regret you John has been fired.I can hardly believed my ears. He is such a fine workerA. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told答案: C解析:在谓语动作之后发生。4 Manager, do you have something _ at this moment?No,

37、thanks. Ill call you if any.A. to be typed B. to type C. typing D. typed答案: A解析:强调事情本身必须完成。1.(典型例题庆)What should I do with this passage? _ to the main idea of each paragraph. A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out考场错解 D 专家把脉 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就会误选D。根据语境是答复对方的问题“做什么what，答复时，这里用祈使语气。 对症下药 C2

38、.(典型例题) When asked by the police, he said that he remember_at the party, but not _ A. to arrived; leaving B. to arrived; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave考场错解 B 专家把脉 forgetrememberregret to do忘记记住懊悔去做某事，forgetrememberregret doing忘记记得懊悔已经做过某事。根据语境，动作已发生，当用动名词，同时but后要和前文保持一致。 对症下药 C3

39、.(典型例题)My advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take考场错解 C 专家把脉 考生往往会习惯想到for sbt.d.sth其实，encourage是及物动词，常用于encourage+宾语+不定式结构。 对症下药 D4.(典型例题)Having been iii in bed for nearly a month,he had a hard time_the exam. A.

40、 pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing考场错解 B 专家把脉 固定结构have a hard time(in)doing something意为“好不容易；在方面有困难。 对症下药 D5.(典型例题春招)He looked around and caught a man_ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 考场错解 A 专家把脉 习惯用语catch somebody doing something意为“偶然撞见某人正在做某

41、事。 对症下药 D专家会诊英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1.以下动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语: admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider (考虑) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(错过), practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer等动词;be used to(习惯于), insist on, cant help(情不自禁) , ca

42、nt stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to,stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy (in) , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful/hard time (in)等动词组。 2.以下动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forgetrememberregret to do忘记记住懊悔去

43、做某事 forgetrememberregret doing忘记记得懊悔已经做过某事 stop to do停下来接着做另一件事stop doing停止做一件事 mean to do意欲、企图做某事mean doing意味着做某事 go on to do做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing继续做同一件事try to do努力、试图做某事try doing尝试着做某事 : judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering (that). (考虑到), supposing/ providing (that). (假设),seeing ( that ). (既然,由于) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with (首先，第一)。例如:Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner. Tuning to the left, he