英语阅读与翻译能力培养.doc

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1、Lecture 1 Lies and Truth(1)Teaching Content Lies and TruthTeaching Objectives To enlarge students vocabulary and key sentence patterns.Teaching Emphasis Stressing the primary meaning of the words and their applications in sentences.Teaching process Warm-up activities, vocabulary and Structure, langu

2、age points and explanation of the text.Assignment Do exercises in this text.I. Introduction of the textWhat is truth and what is lie? Different people from different cultures may have different opinions. When we were young, our parents usually told us that honesty is a good virtue and that we should

3、 not tell lies. As a matter of fact we all heard the story The Boy Who Cried Wolfin our childhood. Now lets review the story The Boy Who Cried Wolfonce again together.Lying is generally regarded as a bad behavior. However, although some lies are evil, many others are not. Actually people often tell

4、lies in their daily lives, because they are necessary to hold our society together. We sometimes lie in harmless ways to protect the feelings of others and to better our relationships with other people, such as friends, classmates and colleagues. So I think no one in this class dares to say that I h

5、ave never told a lie in my life.According to the author of the text, lies can be classified into the following categories:II. Structure of the textThis article can be divided into three parts. Part One is from Para. 1 to Para. 4, which gives a description of different peoples idea about lies and lyi

6、ng. Part Two is from para. 5 to Para. 12, makes a classification of different kinds of lies. Part Three. is Para. 13, it is the conclusion of this article.III. New wordsintentionally 故意地，有意地intentionally adv. on purposeintention n.intentional adj.I have never intentionally hurt any one.我从没有故意伤害过任何人。

7、I dont think he did that intentionally(with intention), it must be a slip of the tongue.我认为他不是故意的那么做，一定是他说走了嘴。slip of the tongue (口误)I will give you another similar expression: slip of the pen(笔误)The wrong date on the check is a slip of the pen.liar 说谎者liar n. a person who tells an untruth or who ha

8、s told an untruth lie v. lie n. The boy often tells lies to his parents. The whole story in nothing but a pack of lies.整个故事只不过是一派胡言。The woman lied about her age, but the camera cannot lie. The witness was clearly lying through his teeth.那个证人分明是在睁着眼睛说瞎话。disrespect 不尊重Disrespect is the antonym of resp

9、ect. He was condemned for showing disrespect for the law. We should respect others privacy. dis-prefix(in adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and verbs构成形容词、副词、名词和动词） not; the opposite of 不; 相反Ill give you more examples dishonest/ disadvantage/disappear/disagree/disbelieve/dislike and so ondishonest 欺骗的，不真诚

10、的prosper 发达，兴隆，昌盛prosper v. to develop in a successful way The shopping street banks continue to prosper. Prosperity n. Prosperous adj. People are more prosperous in the east of this country.这个国家东部的居民更富裕一些。category 种类，类型categorize 分类， 归类Categorize v. classify in class or groups; put into a class Vol

11、unteers were categorized according to age and sex.志愿者们按年龄和性别分组。transaction 交易, 交往transaction n. dealing commercial transaction 商业交易financial transaction 财务往来profound 深刻的，意义深远的backfire 产生事与愿违的后果backfire v. have the opposite result to the one that was intended Unfortunately the plan backfired.不幸的是，计划产

12、生了适得其反的效果。Parents can guide their children to participate in extra-curricular classes, but attending too many extra-curricular classes can backfire.家长可以指导孩子参加课外班，但选择课外班过多，会产生事与愿违的后果。sergeant 军士，中士sergeant n. noncommissioned officer of upper rank in the army, air-force, or marinesjustify 证明.正当或有理，为.辩

13、护justify v.to show that sb/sth is right or reasonable Nothing can justify your cheating on an exam.任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊的理由。justifiable 有理由的，情有可原的intent 目的，意图addict 有瘾的人addict n. person who is unable to give up a harmful habit His uncle used to be a drug addict. an alcohol addict a video game addict 游戏机迷an

14、 internet addictomission 省略，删除, 省略之物omission n. the act of omitting; something that is omitted omit v. The second part of the article can be omitted. Tell me everything that happened, do not omit anything.告诉我发生的一切，不要遗漏任何东西。stereotype 陈规，老套，旧框框Stereotype n. a fixed pattern which is believed to repres

15、ent a type of person or eventpathetic 可悲的，可怜的pathetic adj.making you feel pity or sadness The little girl showed great sympathy to that pathetic and lonely old man.女孩对那位可怜又孤独的老人充满了同情。self-deception 自欺（欺人）的的行为untrustworthy 不值得信赖的Untrustworthy is the antonym of trustworthy His words and deeds are full

16、 of contradictions and he is untrustworthy.他的言行矛盾百出，让人难以相信。un-prefix (in adjective, adverbs, nouns 构成形容词，副词和名词) not, the opposite of 不，相反I will give you more examples. Unable/ untruth/谬误 unacceptable /unconsciously无意识地 and so on Un-prefix (in verbs that describe the opposite of a process 构成表示相反过程的动词

17、): unlock/ undo/解开 unfold展开 unbutton and so onfactual 真实的， 事实的factual adj. based on or containing facts Please give us a factual account of what happened yesterday.请把昨天发生的事情对我们做一下实事求是的陈述。IV. Phrases and Expressionsgo with 伴随， 相伴共存hold.together 连接在一起， 团结在一起be none of sbs business 与.无关in response 作为答复

18、draw a (the) line (between.and) 区分，区别grow up 成长，长大in comparison (with) (与).相比go through 渡过，经历，忍受watch for 等候，盼望have an affair with (sb.) 与某人（非其配偶）有一段爱情关系turn a blind eye (to) 装作看不见，装作不知V. TextPara 1. What is truth? and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes a lie(1)? Philosophers, teach

19、ers, and religious leaders from all cultures and all periods of history have offered many answers to these questions. Among Euro-North-American writers, there is general agreement on two points. The first is that what we call “a lie” must have been told intentionallythat is, if someone tells an untr

20、uth but they believe it to be true, we dont consider them a liar. The second point is that practically everyone lies, and lies frequently. But there the agreement ends(2).Language points:What is truth? and the opposite question that goes with it: what makes a lie? (1)：What is truth? What is false? T

21、hese two questions always come togethergo with: accompanye.g. Would you like to go with me to the supermarket? Money does not always go with happiness. Disease often goes with dirt.But there the agreement ends.(2): But there is no agreements or any other points except these two.但这种共识到此为止。 在这一段当中作者提到

22、这样一句话：“撒谎应当是一种故意行为。换言之， 如果你的话与事实相背，而你自己却没有意识到，那就不算撒谎”。Para 2. One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that we should try to find ways to avoid doing it(3). The reason is that lying hurts not only the listener, but also the liar. Each lie makes the next one easier to tell(4),

23、 and the liar comes not only to disrespect herself, but to mistrust others, whom she believes will lie as easily as she. In a society where lying is common, trust becomes impossible, and without trust, cooperation cannot exist. Furthermore, by lying to people, we remove their power to make important

24、 choices about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medical treatment to choose(5).Language points:One rather extreme point of view is that lying is always bad and that we should try to find ways to avoid doing it.(3):有些人的观点比较极端，他们认为撒谎总是有害的，因此人们应尽量设法避免撒谎。Here extreme point of view me

25、ans a viewpoint which is far from being moderate.avoid: v. to prevent something bad from happeninge.g. The traffic accident could have been avoided. He left for school earlier this morning to avoid rush hour.为了错开交通高峰期，他早晨早早地离开了家。Each lie makes the next one easier to tell,(4): If you lie to others fo

26、r the first time, it is easier for you to lie for the second time.如果撒过一次谎，第二次就变得更容易了。We often say that lying is contagious and lying can also become a habit. contagious: disease spreads by people touching each other通过接触传染的 Furthermore, by lying to people, we remove their power to make important choi

27、ces about how to spend money, what future career to take, what medical treatment to choose.(5): Furthermore, people may not be able to make sound decisions about ones spending, future career and health problems, because we have given them the false information.Para 3. Towards the opposite extreme is

28、 the position that although some lies are evil, many others are notin fact, they are necessary to hold our society together(6). We lie in harmless ways to protect each others feelings and to better our relationships. These are not lies that try to hurt others. We laugh at the bosss joke which we hav

29、e heard before and which she doesnt tell very well; we pretend interest in a friends story of something uninteresting that happened to him. If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business, we may lie in response(7). Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even

30、 the life of another person(8). On a large scale, government may protect national security by lying (9).Language points:hold . together(6): cause to remain together, cause to unite 使连接在一起，团结一致e.g.These nails are too small to hold the case together.这些钉子太小了，无法把这个箱子钉起来。Students in our class should hold

31、 together.我们班的同学应团结一致（紧密团结在一起）。If someone asks us a question that is very personal and is none of their business we may lie in response.(7): if someone asks us a very personal question about which they had no right to ask, we may respond by telling a lie.如果有人问我们涉及个人隐私而且与其无关的问题， 我们可以编个谎话搪塞过去。none of

32、sbs business: something has nothing to do with otherse.g. This is a private conversation, its none of your business.Do not try to inquire others privacy, it is none of your business.in response to:as a response to 对. 做出反应， 回应，回答e.g. The workers went on strike in response to the companys downsizing.工

33、人们举行罢工抗议公司裁员。Sometimes we lie to protect the reputation or even the life of another person(8).有时为了保护他人的名誉甚至生命，我们同样会撒谎。This is quite true, sometimes, a lie can save a persons life, of course, it can also kill a person. In history, many people committed suicide because of rumors and some people would

34、rather die than ruin their reputation. So after learning the text, we should be clear that lying is not always bad. Sometime it is necessary for us to learn to tell lies. Of course, I mean white lies, not dirty lies.On a large scale, government may protect national security by lying (9). 往大里说，政府也会为国

35、家安全而撒谎。Recently, the conflict between China and Philippines escalates, this is because Philippine Government lied to the world people by saying Huangyan Island which has been an integral part of Chinas territory since ancient times to be theirs. This is an example of government can also be a great l

36、iar.Lecture 2 Lies and Truth(2)Teaching Content Lies and TruthTeaching Objectives To enlarge students vocabulary and key sentence patterns.Teaching Emphasis Stressing the primary meaning of the words and their applications in sentences.Teaching process Warm-up activities, vocabulary and Structure, l

37、anguage points and explanation of the text.Assignment Do the exercises of this text.Para 4. Each person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie (10) . Obviously, this point varies from individual to individual and from culture to culture. A someti

38、mes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty (11). Your parents and your culture may teach you that liars will suffer, but as you go through (12) life, you find that often they dont: in fact dishonest people often seem to prosper more

39、 than honest ones. What are you to do with this realization (13)? It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison (14), and you may begin to question them. It takes a great deal of strength and courage to continue living an honest life in the face of such a reality.Language points:E

40、ach person seems to have some point at which they draw the line between an acceptable lie and a bad lie.(10): We all have our own idea of a good (acceptable) and a bad (harmful) lie.每个人似乎都有某种标准来界定可以接受的谎言与恶意的谎言。draw a (the) line (between.and): make a distinction (between.and)e.g. It is difficult for

41、a small child of his age to draw a line between right and wrong. She sometimes can not draw the line between white lies and dirty lies.她有时分不清什么是善意的谎言什么是恶意的谎言。A sometimes painful part of growing up is realizing that not everyone shares your own individual definition of honesty. (11): The hard reality

42、 when growing older is learning that some people see honesty differently than you do.在成长过程中，你有时会痛苦地发现，人们对诚实的定义不尽相同。share: to have or use something at the same time with somebody else; to have the same feelings, ideas, etc. as somebody elsee.g. You have to share the kitchen and bathroom with other te

43、nants.你必须要与其他的房客共用厨房和卫生间。They share the same view on this matter.go through (12): experience; suffere.g. He went through a lot of hardships during Cultural Revolution.What are you to do with this realization (13)? What are you to do with this real-life situation? This realization refers to the under

44、standing of the fact that dishonest people often get ahead rather than pay the consequences for lying.往往有些撒谎者不但没有自食其果，反而比诚实者更飞黄腾达。It may make your moral beliefs look weak and silly in comparison (14) This understanding may cause your moral beliefs to seem poor by comparison, so you try to re-evaluat

45、e them.in comparison with somebody/ to something: when compared withe.g. Tom is much intelligent in comparison with other students in his class. In comparison to your problems, mine are almost insignificantPara 5. There are many ways to categorize lies, but here is a fairly simple one:Para 6. Little

46、 white lies: This is our name for lies that we consider harmless and socially acceptable. They are usually told to protect the liar or the feelings of the listener. Most of them would be considered social lies (15), and they include apologies and excuses: I tried to call you, but your line was busy.

47、 youre kidding! You dont look like youve gained a pound (16). Some people, however,would consider it acceptable to lie to save themselves from responsibility in a business transaction: After I got it home, I noticed that it was broken, so Im returning it and would like my money back.Language points:

48、social lies (15): sometimes we may tell lies to better our relationship with others, to protect the feeling of others, these lies are called social lies(社交谎言). These lies are harmless and socially acceptable.e.g. When we meet a friend whom we have not seen each other for a long time, we may pleased him by saying, oh, you didnt change much, you still look as young as I saw you a few year ago. Or, when we are introduced to a new friend, we m