2022年高中定语从句知识点汇总 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词：2.关系副词：三、分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开3.区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切，删除后会影响整个句子意思的表达不用逗号分开可用关系代词that 关系代词可省略 （that,which,who 在从句中作宾语可以省略）关系代词可以替代， whom 作宾语时可用who或 that 替代读时不停顿只可以修饰名词或代词，不可修饰句子4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况

2、4.1 有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that 和关系副词why 不能引导非限制性定语从句精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载四、关系词的用法1.which,that which 指物，在从句

3、中作主语，宾语that 指人或物，指人可与who，whom 互换；指物可与which 互换2.who,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom 作宾语，不能用who 代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone 或 those 时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that ，另一个指人的关系代词用who。3.whose 表示“的” 。可指人或物。用来指物时，whose+名词 =限定词 +名词 +of which=of which+ 限

4、定词 +名词The house whose windows face south is ours. The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours. 4. as 作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。一般用于such.as 、the same.as 、 as.as结构中，表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory. They felt such

5、heat in the jungle as they had never felt before. He is not the same man as he was. 4.1the same.as/that. 和 such.as/that the same.as/that. as 引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought. that 引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day. such.as/that as 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：Peter i

6、s not such an intelligent person as you think. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载that 引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him. 4.2 as 和 which 的区别都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换 as引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which 只能位于主句之后 当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用which

7、 来引导He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn t like at all. He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy. 先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as不用 which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which 作主语She passed the exam, as was expected. Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy. 当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，通常用which

8、不用 as Tom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry. 固定搭配：as we know/as is known to all as we all can see as has been said before/above as might be expected as is often the case 在从句中作介词宾语时，只能用which She might possibly come,in which case I ll tell you. 5.只用 that 不用 which 5.1 当先行

9、词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。5.2 当先行词被the only,the last,the very 等修饰时。5.3 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。5.4 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5.5 当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载5.6 当主句的主语是疑问词who 或 which 时。5.7 当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jack is not the man

10、that he was. 5.8 当主句以here,there 开头且先行词是指物的名词时。6.只用 which 不用 that 6.1 关系代词前有介词。6.2 在非限制性定语从句中。6.3 先行词本身是that,those （指物）或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that 时。6.4 先行词后有插入语时。Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you. 7.只用 who 不用 that 7.1 先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,som

11、ebody,one,no one时。7.2 先行词为those 且指人时。7.3 在指人的非限制性定语从句中。8.which/that/what 连接词 what 可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合，即what=the person/place/thing which/that。表示“所 .的。 ”what 不引导定语从句，而是引导名词性从句。what 引导句子，没有先行词，起名词作用。What 引导宾语从句可以和that 引导的定语从句互换。Tell me anything (that) you know.=Tell me what you know. 9.介词 +关系代词既能够引导限制性，也可

12、以引导非限制性定语从句。指物用which ，指人用 whom。介词不可省略，如果要省略，必须将介词放在从句句末。9.1 介词的确定 根据定语从句中动词，形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载 根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。 根据所表达的意思来确定。9.2 介词 +关系代词结构的变式 介词 +关系代词 +不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm) Franks drea

13、m is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to produce many beautiful flowers) 名词 /代词 /数词 +介词 +关系代词He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn t understand completely. There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian D

14、istrict. 10.关系副词：作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which 作地点状语：where=in/at/to/on which 作原因状语：why=for which 10.1 辨析 The reason why./The reason that./The reason is that. The reason why.中 why 引导的是定语从句，why 在句子中作原因状语，可以替换成for which 。The reason that. 中 that 引导的是同位语从句，that 不作成分， that 后面的内容说明reason 的内容。The reason

15、is that.是 that 引导的表语从句，不能用because,以免重复。五、其他1.主谓一致：从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致。在“(the) one of + 复数名词”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。但是在 the one of + 复数形式或the only one of + 复数名词结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。2.关系词的省略与不可省略：2.1 关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语，表语时可以省略2.2 关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页

16、，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载2.3 非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略2.4 介词 +关系代词中的关系代词不可省略2.5 表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略，如the time,the moment 2.6 表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略，如the place 2.7 先行词 the reason 后面的关系副词可以省略2.8 先行词为way（方法，手段）时，关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句3.1 根据 that 在从句中是否作成分来判断：that 在定语从句中担任成分，在同位语从句中不做成分。The news(that)he told me yesterday is not tr

17、ue. The news that he singer will come here is not true. 3.2 根据意思来判断：在引导词前加is 后，如果句子成立就是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。The news is (that) he told me yesterday. 句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here. 句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing 和 ed 形式4.1 直接转化为ing 或 ed 形式 ,，去掉定语从句中who/which is/was/are/were. The boy (who is ) playing th

18、e piano is from London. I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou. 4.2 将句子中的动词进行ing 形式转化 The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year. =The number of people learning Chinese rises each year. My grandfather,who hasn t been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country. =My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country. =Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页