2022年高中英语必修一知识点5 .pdf

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1、Module 5 A Lesson in a lab 1.prepare prepare sth 直接准备prepare for sth 间接准备prepare oneself for sth 使. .为. .做好准备be prepared for 为. .做好准备=be ready for =be equipped for make preparations for 为 . .做好准备2.report on 关于 . .的报告【区别】 about/on about 泛泛的on 专业性更强的3.Simple 形容物：译为“简单的，朴素的”形容人：译为“天真纯朴”或“头脑简单”，褒义贬义具体分析

2、He is a simple and well liked man. 他是一个纯朴率真，受人喜爱的人。You may be joking but she s simple enough to believe you. 你也许是在开玩笑，但她却愚蠢地信以为真as simple as I stand here 再简单不过反义词： sophisticated 城府深，有心计，社会经验多4.answer to 常加介词 to 的名词：key to/notes to the text 书下注释 /way to 去. .的路 /approach to 方法/access to接触5.Exist 动词 vi

3、基础用法exist as 作为 . .而存在 ;exist is 存在于 . .中； esist on 靠. .生活生存Do these creatures really exist?这些生物确实存在吗？He argued that ideas do not exist independently of the language that expresses them.他论证说，思想不会独立存在于用以表达的语言之外名词existence，反义词extinction, 灭绝The idea of God in nature has been in existence for as long as

4、 human beings have worshipped.自从人类有崇拜行为开始，上帝的观念就已经存在。习语cat-and-dog existence 指的像猫狗一样不和的生活；经常争吵的生活6.liquid/solid/gas liquid ? liquid oxygen 液氧? looking into those liquid dark eyes 望着那如水的双眸solid 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页? Ice is water in a solid dark eyes. 冰是固态的水? A bar

5、of iron is solid,a pipe is hollow. 铁棍是实心的，而管子是空心的?gas 除了气体，还可以指“煤气，毒气，汽油? She couldn? I? gas mask 毒气面具 respirator 口罩7.a mixture of . .的混合物She thumped the pillow with a mixture of anger and frustration.她砰砰砰地捶打着枕头，既愤怒又沮丧形容词? a child of mixed race 混血儿? a mixed school 男女生同校的学校? I ve got mixed feelings a

6、bout leaving college it s great to finish my studies,but I m rather worried about finding a job. 离开大学，我有一种很复杂的感情。一方面，我为自己完成了学业而高兴另一方面，找工作的事让我头疼。对. .的感情很复杂? Living in such a beautiful old castie is something of a mixed blessing.Just thinl of the heating bills,for example.居住在这座美丽的古城堡中既有利，也有弊。比方，想想它昂贵的

7、取暖费用把8.iron Her father had a will of iron. 她父亲有钢铁般坚强的意志food that are rich in iron. 富含铁的食物Fascism s iron hand fist 法西斯主义的高压手段Shethe Iron Age 铁器时代9.分数的表达法和用法10.check 名词：? It s an invalid cheque. 这是一张作废的支票空头支票? blank check 空白支票，自由活动的权利动词check sth 和 examine sth 仔细检查?check that 相似结构： see that/see to it t

8、hat/make sure that 11.Air ? He began to put on airs and think he could boss us around. 他开始摆架子，以为自己可以对我们指手画脚12.Earth on earth 加强语气，译为“究竟”，或者“在世上精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页on the earth 在地球上in the earth 在土里Even though she s a movie star,she s still friendly and down-to-eart

9、h. 虽然成了电影明星，但她还是很友好，很实在13.sun in the sun 在阳光下under the sun 在世界上14.分数和长数字的读法15.Mount Tai/Mount Qomolangma 16.Lily weighs 表示本身存在的状态用主动Tom weighs 200kg The tree measures 10 meters. The picture hangs on the wall The coat washes easily 17.electrical 【区别】 electrical/electric electrical engineer 电力工程师Circu

10、s 电路，电器设备electric 用电器fan 电扇chair 电椅oven 电饭煲18.equipment 装备不可数名词equip sb with . .for . . 给某人装备 . .为了 . . Sb be equipped with . .for . . 某人被装备 . .为了 . . 分清楚equipment 不可数和instrument 器材可数19.react 与 . .起反应react with 对 . .反应react to His insensitive remarks hurt and she reacted accordingly. 20.Burn This ty

11、pe of coal doean t burn easily.主动属性The house was burnt to ashes the ground 建筑被烧成平地The toast was burnt. 面包片被烧糊了At this news,she was burning with anger 怒火中烧to burn one s boats/bridges 破釜沉舟背水一战to burn the candle at both ends 过度疲劳to burn the midnight oil 点灯熬油21.happen 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -

12、 - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页happen to do 和 it happens that 结构，都表示偶然性Do you happen to know who her doctor is? 您知道她的医生是谁吗？表礼貌22.Rust 名词，铁锈动词 (vi/vt) 使. .生锈The bike padlock was red with rust. 旧挂锁已经锈红了。My bike has rusted and needs oil.我的自行车生锈了，需要上油。A rusted old basketball hoop 一个生锈的旧篮圈23.Add add 的动词短语 ? add A

13、and B together ? add A to B ? add to A ? add up 把. .加起来， add up these 有道理，说得通These numbers can? add up to 无被动、译为加起来等于什么名词 addition 的短语? in addition ? in addition to ? 形容词： additional 24.steam 作名词和动词vi/vt The kettle was steaming 水壶冒热气了You got all steamed up over nothing! 你无缘无故就大发脾气25.oil coconut oil

14、椰子油cod liver oil 鱼肝油fish oil 鱼油groundnut oil 花生油olive oil 橄榄油sesame oil 芝麻油sunflower oil 葵花籽油suntan oil 防晒乳vegetable and animal oils 植物油和动物油oil and water do not mix 油和水不能融合oil and water 指互不相容的因素或人26.salt There is considerable salt in the kitchen. 厨房里有相当多的盐。The fish are cut and salted.鱼被切成块腌起来了。rub s

15、alt into the (someone s)wound 在某人伤口上撒盐the salt of the earth 社会中坚worth one s salt 称职的28.float When you精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页It was decided to float the pound because a fixed value was damaging exports. 决定浮动英镑的汇率，因为固定汇率不利于出口29.form 动词： ? sth form 自己形成? form sth 形成名词：

16、in the form of 以. .形式former husband 前夫late husband 亡夫30.dissolve dissolve (vi/vt) My courage dissolved 我的勇气没有了31.predict 词根： pre 提前Prepare/preview 预览 /dictionary 预报 /dictation 听写 /dictaor 专制者predict that 32.常见的修饰比较级的词和短语经常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级形式，以示加强语气。常见的词或短语有：much very much，too much ， even，still ，far， ra

17、ther，any， no，not，by far， a lot， a little ，a bit，a great deal 等。? He is getting (too) much fatter these days 加强语气时，可以使用too much 或 very much。? It was cold yesterday, but it s even colder today.? There was a number of people out this afternoon, far more than last Sunday. ? His work is better by far tha

18、n that of any other printer in the city. ? She was by far the better actress in the West. by far 经常置于比较级之后，假设比较级加有定冠词时，常置于定冠词之前。? Tom is tall but Mary is still taller / taller still. still 可以置于比较级之前或之后。? He was too tired to walk any further. any 经常用于条件句、否认句、疑问句或具有疑问、否认语气的句子中。? It s no faster to go t

19、here by train than by car. 乘火车去那里和乘汽车去那里一样不快。no 修饰比较级时，对参与比较的双方同时予以否认，比较的双方“ 都不” 。? It s not faster to go there by train than by car.乘火车去那里不及坐汽车去那里来得更快些。 not 修饰比较级时，对参与比较的双方同时予以肯定，但强调“ 前者不及后者更 。? Are you felling a lot better today? He was a little more worried than the others. 经常用来修饰形容词或副词的最高级，用来加强语

20、气。常见的词或短语如：much the the very the by far by far the 等。? This is much the / by far the most difficult of the five questions. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页much 经常置于定冠词之前。? The last novel of his is by far the best he has written. ? The Pacific is the largest ocean in the world

21、 by far. by far 可以置于定冠词之前，也可以置于最高级之后。? This cake ought to be good, because I used the very best butter. 33.go ahead 开始 ,前进 ,领先The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned. 新桥的修建将按计画进行. May I start now? Yes, go ahead.我现在可以开始吗?可以 , 开始吧 . The government intends to go ahead with its privatiza

22、tion plans. 政府拟推行私有化计画. Despite the bad weather the fete will go ahead. 尽管天气不好 , 游乐会照常举行. Food and fodder should go ahead of troops and horses.兵马未动 , 粮草先行。Go ahead and do what you like. 去吧，喜欢干什么就干什么。We feel you should go ahead.我们觉得您应该干。Go ahead!去吧 ! (或，说吧 !) 34.sequence sequence数列 ; 序列 ; 顺序subsequen

23、cely接下来consepuence归纳Consepuencely 最后35.balance 名词? slipping in the mud but keeping their balance 在泥浆里打滑但保持了平衡? She lost her balance and fell 她失去平衡摔倒了? 当句子译成“扰乱平衡”时，使用：disturb/upset disturb the balance /upset the balance balance A against B 考点： 将计划， 论点 (pian,argument)等进行比较； 权衡两事物的重要性在阅读和写作当中可能用到的搭配id

24、eal/perfect balance 最正确平衡a healthy balance of foods 健康均衡的饮食a careful/delicate/fine/subtle balance 小心 / 精致 / 精细 / 微妙的平衡a uneasy balance 脆弱的平衡the ecological/natural balance 生态平衡ethnic/gender/social balance 民族；性别；社会均衡36.used to do used to do 过去时，过去常常做某事，反义疑问，usedn t/didn t be used to sth/doing 习惯做某事be

25、used to do 被用来做某事37.the lastest equipment 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页equipment 不可数the newest 的说法错误38.be pround of take part in/pride oneself on 以. .为荣39.both both my parents like you. both of my parents like you. both of my parents donNeither of/None of 全部否认40.are suppos

26、ed to do be supposed to=按理应该要 be supposed to be doing=按理应该正在例如：You are supposed to do as you are told. 按理你应该按照我要你做的去做。You are supposed to be doing your homework now. 按理你现在应该在做作业了。类似的情况还有：He happened to pass by the school gate. 他碰巧要经过学校大门。He happened to have read the book. 他碰巧读过了这本书。He happened to be reading the book. 他碰巧正在读这本书。41.become an English teacher turn English teacher turn 表示成为，后名词不加a/an/the You will make an English teacher 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页