生物化学英文习题.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date生物化学英文习题Chapter 10 DNA BiosynthesisChapter1 Nucleic AcidsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The direction of nucleic acid isA. F

2、rom N to C B. From 5 to 3C. From C to N D. From 3 to 5E. None of above2. The description of the secondary structure of DNA double helix are correct, EXCEPTA. Two antiparallel strandsB. Deoxyribose-phosphate frame located outside the strandsC. Two strands are joined by hydrogen bond formed between A-

3、T and G-CD. Diameter of helix is 2 nm, and 10 bases in each turnE. Nucleosome is the structure unit of DNA double helix3. The correct description about Tm is A. The temperature at which half of the maximum absorbance value of DNA at 260nm during heat denaturation B. The temperature at which maximum

4、absorbance value of DNA at 260nm during heat denaturationC. The optimum temperature for DNA synthesis D. High Tm value is related to low G-C content E. The temperature to form DNA and RNA hybrid molecule4. If the coden of mRNA is ACG, then the anticoden of tRNA isA. UGC B. TGC C. GCA D. CGU E. TGC5.

5、 The linkage between nucleotides is A. 2,-3 phosphodiester bond; B. 3,-5 phosphodiester bondC. 2,-5 phosphodiester bond; D. Hydrogen bondE. Peptide bond6. The template strand of DNA is 5-ATTCAG-3 , its transcript isA. 5 -GACTTA-3 B. 5 -CTGAAT-3 C. 5 -UAAGUC-3 D. 5 -CUGAAU-3 E. 5 - TAAGTC-3II、Fill in

6、 the blanks.1. Eukaryotic mRNAs can be modified after transcription at the 5end with a modified residue called a_, at the 3end 80 to 250 A residues are added to create a _. 2. Each nucleotide consists of three components, _, _, _.3. The conformation for DNA proposed by Watson and Crick is called B f

7、orm, the other two conformations existing in the cell are _, _.III、Explain the following terms.1. Hybridization of nucleic acids2. Tm3. ribozyme4. codon5. anticodon6. Hyperchromic effect7. DNA denaturation8. Annealing9. snmRN10. nucleosome、Briefly state the following questions. 1. State the function

8、s of three major kinds of RNA (mRNA, tRNA and rRNA).2. Please describe the secondary structure of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick.3. State briefly the differences between DNA and RNA.4. Please describe the structural features of eukaryotic mRNA.Chapter2 ProteinsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark you

9、r answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. All of the following amino acids are acidic or basic amino acids, EXCEPT A. AspB. GluC. LysD. ArgE. Ser2. 12. Which is the linkage bond for the peptide?A. Hydrogen bondB. Peptide bondC. Hydrophobic interactionsD. Electrostatic interactionE. 3, 5

10、 phosphodiester bond3. The protein molecule (pI=6.5) will mobile the to positive electrode when the pH of electrophoresis buffer isA. pH=3.0B. pH=4.0C. pH=5.0D. pH=6.5E. pH=8.04. The amino acid in proteins isA. L-aimno acids; B. D-aimno acids;C. L-aimno acids; D. D-aimno acids;E. All of above5. The

11、chemical bond in charge of maintaining secondary structure of proteins isA. Salt bridge; B. Disulfide bondC. Hydrogen bond; D. Peptide bond;E. Hydrophobic interaction6. The chemical bond in charge of the primary structure of proteins isA. Salt bridge; B. Disulfide bondC. Hydrogen bond; D. Peptide bo

12、nd;E. Phosphodiester bondII、Fill in the blanks：1. The secondary structures of protein include _, _, _, and _.2. The absorbance peak value of protein is at _nm, and that of the nucleic acid is at _nm. 3. The force maintaining higher structure of proteins are noncovalent. They are _, _, _, _.III、Expla

13、in the following terms.1. GSH (glutathione)2. Motif3. protein denaturation 4. petptide unit5. domain6. pI of protein7. -helix8. Peptide bond9. amino acid residue 10. salting out、Briefly state the following questions. 1. List the approaches commonly used in separation and purification of protein mole

14、cules, and explain simply the major mechanism of each one.2. Briefly explain the structural features and classification of amino acids constitute of different proteins.3. What is primary structure of protein? Please state the relationships between the primary structure and functions of proteins by a

15、n example.Chapter3 VitaminsI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. Vitamin D belongs toA. Fat soluble B. Water solubleC. Both A and B D. InsolubleE. Not above all 2. The active form of Vitamin D isA. 25-(OH)D3 B. 1,25-(OH)2D3C. 1,24,25-(OH)3D3D. 24

16、,25-(OH)2D3E. Not above all 3. The active form of folic acid isA. F B. FH2C. FH4D. NAD+E. FAD4. The deficiency of which will cause anmia?A. Vitamin B6 B. Vitamin B12C. FH4 D. All of the aboveE. Not above allII、Fill in the blanks：1. _ and _ are the cofactors (coenzymes) of the dehydrogenases, and the

17、y are derived from Vitamin B2; _ and _ are also the cofactors (coenzymes) of the dehydrogenases, and they are derived from Vitamin _.2. The active forms of vitamin A are _, _and _. An early symptom of vitamin A deficiency is _III、Explain the following terms.1. provitamin A2. lipid-soluble vitamins3.

18、 water-soluble vitamins、Briefly state the following questions. Try to explain the biochemical functions of vitamin C and its deficiencies.Chapter4 EnzymesI、Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The factors related to the kinetics of enzyme reaction

19、 are included, EXCEPTA. pH and temperatureB. EnzymeC. SubstrateD. InhibitorE. Time2. About competitive inhibitors, which of the following is NOT true?A. Similar to the substrates B. Bind to the active centre of the enzymesC. Bind to the enzyme reversibly. D. Bind to the enzyme by non-covalent bondE.

20、 None of the above 3. About non-competitive inhibitors, which one is true?A. Km, Vmax remains constant B. Km, VmaxC. Km remains constant, Vmax D. Km, VmaxE. Km, Vmax remains constant 4.Inhibition of phosphate pesticide on choline esterase belongs toA. Irreversible inhibitionB. Reversible inhibitionC

21、. Competitive inhibitionD. Noncompetitive inhibitionE. Uncompetitive inhibitionII、Fill in the blanks：1. The essential groups in active center of an enzyme are_and _. 2. Holoenzyme = _ + _.3. The three properties of enzymatic catalyzed reactions are _, _, _.4. When V equals to 80% Vmax, S= _ Km. When

22、 V equals to 90% Vmax, S= _ Km.5. The specificities of enzymes can be briefly divided into three types: _, _and_.III、Explain the following terms.1. Isoenzyyme2. Km3. Active center of an enzyme4. Allosteric enzyme5. Competitive inhibition6. Optimum temperature、Briefly state the following questions. 1

23、. What is the activation of zymogen? State the biological significance of the process.2. Briefly state the significance of Km and Vmax.3. Compare the characters of three types of reversible inhibition.Chapter 5 Carbohydrate MetabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the cap

24、ital letter you choose. 1. The unique pathway for mature red blood cells to obtain ATP is ( ) A. pentose phosphate pathway B. tricarboxylic acid cycle C. -oxidation of fatty acid D. glycolysis E. gluconeogenesis2. Which compound can NOT be used to do gluconeogenesis?A. AcetoacetateB. GlycerolC. Pyru

25、vate D. GlutamateE. Succinate3.The pathway for mature red blood cells to obtain NADPH is ( ) A. pentose phosphate pathway B. tricarboxylic acid cycle C. -oxidation of fatty acid D. glycolysis E. gluconeogenesis4. In the muscle, glucose 6-phosphhate can convert into the following compounds EXCEPTA. G

26、lycogenB. Acetyl CoAC. LactateD. GlucoseE. Fructose 6-phosphate5. Which compound is NOT the coenzyme of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?A. FADB. NAD+C. BiotinD. CoASHE. Lipoic acid6. Which enzyme is the key enzyme in glycogenolysis (glycogen degradation) ?A.Phosphorylase B.Hexokinase C.Phosphoenol py

27、ruvate carboxykinaseD.HMG-CoA reductaseE.Pyruvate kinaseII、 Fill in the blanks. 1. The active form of glucose in glycogenesis is , the active form of choline in phospholipid synthesis is , the active form of SO42- in sulfation is , the active form of methyl in methylation is .2. Glucose 6- phosphate

28、 (G-6-P) is an important intermediate compound involved in the carbohydrate metabolism pathways, e.g., _, _, _ , _, and _.III、 Explain the following terms.1 Glycolysis2 Tricarboxylic acid cycle3 Pentose phosphate pathway4 Glycogenesis5 Glycogenolysis6 Gluconeogenesis7 Blood sugar8 Cori cycle (Lactat

29、e cycle)9 Glycogenosis or glycogen storage disease10. Aerobic oxidation、Briefly state the following questions.1. The major function of pentose phosphate pathway.2. List the major products of Tricarboxylic cycle and pentose phosphate pathways, and state their biological significance. 3. Simply state

30、the several steps of aerobic oxidation pathway.4. State the source, fate and regulation of blood glucose. Chapter 6 Biological OxidationI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The order of the members of NADH oxidative respiratory chain is A.NAD+

31、complex II complex I CoQ complex III cytochrome Ccomplex IVB.NAD+ complex I complex III CoQ cytochrome C complex IVC.NAD+ complex II complex III CoQ complex C complex IVD.Complex II NAD+ CoQ complex III cytochrome C complex IVE.NAD+ complex I CoQ complex III cytochrome C complex IV2.NADP+ may be red

32、uced to NADPH inA.GlycolysisB.GluconeogenesisC.Pentose phosphate pathwayD.The pathway of fatty acid degradationE.The reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase3.Two hydrogen atoms (2H) in cytosolic NADH(+H+) are transported from cytosol to mitochondria throughA.CitrateB.Citrate-pyruvate shuttleC.Mal

33、ate or a-glycerol phosphate shuttleD.Oxaloacetate-pyruvate cycleE.Pentose phosphate pathway4.Electrons from pyruvate enter the mitochondrial electron transport chain at the level ofA.CoQB.LDHC.NADH-CoQ reductase (complex I)D.CoQ-cytochrome c reductase (complex III)E.Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV)

34、II、 Fill in the blanks.1. The two respiratory chains of oxidative phosphorylation are _ and _. 2. Biological oxidation is a process in which the _ are completely oxidized to _, _ and a large amount of _ released. III、 Explain the following terms.1. ATP synthase2. Mixed function oxidase3. Reactive ox

35、ygen species, ROS4. a-Phosphoglycerol shuttle5. Malate-aspartate shuttle6. Biological oxidation7. Oxidative respiratory chain8. Oxidative phosphorylation9. Free radical10. Substrate cycle、Briefly state the following questions. 1. What is biological oxidation? Compare the difference between nutrition

36、 oxidation in vivo and nutrition oxidation in vitro.2. What is Oxidative phosphorylation? State the order of the members of two important oxidative respiratory chains.Chapter 7 Lipid MetabolismI、 Choose one correct answer. Mark your answer by circling the capital letter you choose. 1. The rate-limit

37、ing (key) enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis is A. HMG-CoA synthaseB. Mevalonate kinaseC. HMG-CoA reductaseD. HMG-CoA lyaseE. Squalene epimerase2. The rate-limiting (key) enzyme for fatty acid synthesis is A. Acetyl CoA carboxylaseB. Carnitine-acyl transferaseC. Palmitate decarboxylaseD. Acyl CoA t

38、ransferase E. b-ketoacyl CoA synthetase3. The precursor for acetoacetate formation in the liver is A. b-hydroxybutyrateB. Acetoacetyl CoA C. b-hydroxybutyryl CoAD. MevalonateE. HMG-CoA4. The rate-limiting（key）enzyme for fatty acid synthesis is A. Acetyl CoA carboxylaseB. Carnitine-acyl transferaseC.

39、 Palmitate decarboxylaseD. Acyl CoA transferase E. b-ketoacyl CoA synthetase 5. The oxidation and degradation of fatty acids in the cell A. Begins with the fatty acid thioester of CoA B. Does not produce useful energy for the cell C. Occurs primarily in the nucleus D. Is inhibited by carnitine E. Pr

40、oceeds through successive shortening of fatty acids by three-carbon units 6. Which of the following lipases is hormone sensitive? A. Pancreatic lipase B. Lipoprotein lipase C. Liver triacylglycerol lipase D. Adipose tissue triacylglycerol lipase E. PhospholipaseII、Fill in the blanks. 1. One of the c

41、ommon used techniques for plasma lipoprotein classification is , according to this method, the lipoproteins can be classified into , , _ , .2.The initial material for Ketone body synthesis is_, the key enzyme is _.Ketone bodies are _, _,and _. II、 Explain the following terms.1. Ketogenesis2. Depot f

42、at mobilization3. Lipoprotein4. -oxidation of fatty acids5. Ketone bodies6. LDL7. Lipid8. Unsaturated fatty acid9. Essential fatty acid10. Hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL、Briefly state the following questions. 1. What is the meaning of apolipoprotein, explain their functions.2.Explain the effect of insulin on lipid mobilization.3.State the classification, the major components, synthesis site of lipoproteins and their functions4.Ple