机械手臂外文翻译.doc

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date机械手臂外文翻译机械手臂外文翻译外文出处：ManufacturingEngineeringandTechnologyMachining附件1：外文原文ManipulatorRobotdevelopedinrecentdecadesashigh-techautomatedproductionequipment.Industrialrobotisanimportantbr

2、anchofindustrialrobots.Itfeaturescanbeprogrammedtoperformtasksinavarietyofexpectations,inbothstructureandperformanceadvantagesoftheirownpeopleandmachines,inparticular,reflectsthepeoplesintelligenceandadaptability.Theaccuracyofrobotoperationsandavarietyofenvironmentstheabilitytocompletetheworkinthefi

3、eldofnationaleconomyandtherearebroadprospectsfordevelopment.Withthedevelopmentofindustrialautomation,therehasbeenCNCmachiningcenter,itisinreducinglaborintensity,whilegreatlyimprovedlaborproductivity.However,theupperandlowercommoninCNCmachiningprocessesmaterial,usuallystillusemanualortraditionalrelay

4、-controlledsemi-automaticdevice.Theformertime-consumingandlaborintensive,inefficient;thelatterduetodesigncomplexity,requiremorerelays,wiringcomplexity,vulnerabilitytobodyvibrationinterference,whiletheexistenceofpoorreliability,faultmoremaintenanceproblemsandotherissues.ProgrammableLogicControllerPLC

5、-controlledrobotcontrolsystemformaterialsupanddownmovementissimple,circuitdesignisreasonable,withastronganti-jammingcapability,ensuringthesystemsreliability,reducedmaintenancerate,andimproveworkefficiency.Robottechnologyrelatedtomechanics,mechanics,electricalhydraulictechnology,automaticcontroltechn

6、ology,sensortechnologyandcomputertechnologyandotherfieldsofscience,isacross-disciplinaryintegratedtechnology.First,anoverviewofindustrialmanipulatorRobotisakindofpositioningcontrolcanbeautomatedandcanbere-programmedtochangeinmulti-functionalmachine,whichhasmultipledegreesoffreedomcanbeusedtocarryano

7、bjectinordertocompletetheworkindifferentenvironments.LowwagesinChina,plasticproductsindustry,althoughstillalabor-intensive,mechanicalhandusehasbecomeincreasinglypopular.ElectronicsandautomotiveindustriesthatEuropeandtheUnitedStatesmultinationalcompaniesveryearlyintheirfactoriesinChina,theintroductio

8、nofautomatedproduction.Butnowthechangesarethosefoundinindustrial-intensiveSouthChina,EastChinascoastalareas,localplasticprocessingplantshavealsoemergedinmechanicalwatchesbegantobecomeincreasinglyinterestedin,becausetheyhavetofaceahighturnoverrateofworkers,aswellasfortheworkerstopaywork-relatedinjuri

9、esfeechallenges.WiththerapiddevelopmentofChinasindustrialproduction,especiallythereformandopeningupaftertherapidincreaseinthedegreeofautomationtoachievetheworkpiecehandling,steering,transmissionoroperationofbrazing,spraygun,wrenchesandothertoolsforprocessingandassemblyoperationssince,whichhasmoreand

10、moreattractedourattention.Robotistoimitatethemanualpartoftheaction,accordingtoagivenprogram,trackandrequirementsforautomaticcapture,handlingoroperationoftheautomaticmechanicaldevices.Inreallife,youwillfindthisaproblem.Inthemachineshop,theprocessingofpartsloadingtimeisnotannoying,andlaborproductivity

11、isnothigh,thecostofproductionmajor,andsometimesman-madeincidentswilloccur,resultinginprocessingwereinjured.Thinkaboutwhatcouldreplaceitwiththeprocessingtimeofatouraslongasthereareafewpeople,andcanoperate24hourssaturatedhumanright?Theanswerisyes,buttherobotcancometoreplaceit.Productionofmechanicalhan

12、dcanincreasetheautomationlevelofproductionandlaborproductivity;canreducelaborintensity,ensuringproductquality,toachievesafeproduction;particularlyinthehigh-temperature,highpressure,lowtemperature,lowpressure,dust,explosive,toxicandradioactivegasessuchaspoorenvironmentcanreplacethenormalworkingpeople

13、.HereIwouldliketothinkofdesigningarobottobeusedinactualproduction.Whywouldarobotdesignedtoprovideapneumaticpower:pneumaticrobotreferstothecompressedairaspowersource-drivenrobot.Withpressure-drivenandotherenergy-drivencomparisonhavethefollowingadvantages:1.Airinexhaustible,usedlaterdischargedintothea

14、tmosphere,doesnotrequirerecyclinganddisposal,donotpollutetheenvironment.(Conceptofenvironmentalprotection)2.Airstickissmall,thepipelinepressurelossissmall(typicallylessthanasphaltgaspathpressuredropofone-thousandth),tofacilitatelong-distancetransport.3.Compressedairoftheworkingpressureislow(usually4

15、to8kg/persquarecentimeter),andthereforemovingthematerialcomponentsandmanufacturingaccuracyrequirementscanbelowered.4.Withthehydraulictransmission,comparedtoitsfasteractionandreaction,whichisoneoftheadvantagespneumaticoutstanding.5.Theaircleanermedia,itwillnotdegenerate,noteasytoplugthepipeline.Butth

16、erearealsoplaceswhereitflyintheointment:1.Asthecompressibilityofair,resultinginpooraerodynamicstabilityofthework,resultingintheimplementingagenciesastheprecisionofthevelocityandnoteasilycontrolled.2.Astheuseoflowatmosphericpressure,theoutputpowercannotbetoolarge;inordertoincreasetheoutputpowerisboun

17、dtothestructureoftheentirepneumaticsystemsizeincreased.Withpneumaticdriveandcomparewithotherenergysourcesdrivehasthefollowingadvantages:Airinexhaustible,usedlaterdischargedintotheatmosphere,withoutrecyclinganddisposal,donotpollutetheenvironment.Accidentalorasmallamountofleakagewouldnotbeaseriousimpa

18、ctonproduction.Viscosityofairissmall,thepipelinepressurelossalsoisverysmall,easylong-distancetransport.Thelowerworkingpressureofcompressedair,pneumaticcomponentsandthereforethematerialandmanufacturingaccuracyrequirementscanbelowered.Ingeneral,reciprocatingthrustin1to2tonspneumaticeconomyisbetter.Com

19、paredwiththehydraulictransmission,anditsfasteractionandreaction,whichisoneoftheoutstandingmeritsofpneumatic.Cleanairmedium,itwillnotdegenerate,noteasytoplugthepipeline.Itcanbesafelyusedinflammable,explosiveandthedustbigoccasions.Alsoeasytorealizeautomaticoverloadprotection.Second,thecomposition,mech

20、anicalhandRobotintheformofavarietyofforms,somerelativelysimple,somemorecomplicated,butthebasicformisthesameasthecompositionofthe,Usuallybytheimplementingagencies,transmissionsystems,controlsystemsandauxiliarydevicescomposed.1. ImplementingagenciesManipulatorexecutingagencybythehands,wrists,arms,pill

21、ars.Handsarecrawlinginstitutions,isusedtoclampandreleasetheworkpiece,andsimilartohumanfingers,tocompletethestaffingofsimilaractions.Wristandfingersandthearmconnectingthecomponentscanbeupanddown,left,androtarymovement.Asimplemechanicalhandcannotwrist.Pillarsusedtosupportthearmcanalsobemademobileasnee

22、ded.2.TransmissionTheactuatortobeachievedbythetransmissionsystem.Sub-transmissionsystemcommonlyusedmanipulatormechanicaltransmission,hydraulictransmission,pneumaticandelectricpowertransmissionandotherdriveseveralforms.3.ControlSystemManipulatorcontrolsystemsmainroleistocontroltherobotaccordingtocert

23、ainprocedures,direction,position,speedofaction,asimplemechanicalhandisgenerallynotsetupadedicatedcontrolsystem,usingonlytripswitches,relays,controlvalvesandcircuitscanbeachieveddynamicdrivesystemcontrol,sothatimplementingagenciesaccordingtotherequirementsofaction.Actionwillhavetousecomplexprogrammab

24、lerobotcontroller,themicro-computercontrol.Three,mechanicalhandclassificationandcharacteristicsRobotsaregenerallydividedintothreecategories:thefirstisthegeneralmachinerydoesnotrequiremanualhand.Itisanindependentnotaffiliatedwithaparticularhostdevice.Itcanbeprogrammedaccordingtotheneedsofthetasktocom

25、pletetheoperationoftheprovisions.Itischaracterizedwithordinarymechanicalperformance,alsohasgeneralmachinery,memory,intelligenceternarymachinery.Thesecondcategoryistheneedtomanuallydoit,calledtheoperationofaircraft.Itoriginatedintheatom,militaryindustry,firstthroughtheoperationofmachinestocompleteapa

26、rticularjob,andlaterdevelopedtooperateusingradiosignalstocarryoutdetectingmachinessuchastheMoon.Usedinindustrialmanipulatoralsofallintothiscategory.Thethirdcategoryisdedicatedmanipulator,themainsubsidiaryoftheautomaticmachinesorautomaticlines,tosolvethemachineupanddowntheworkpiecematerialanddelivery

27、.ThismechanicalhandinforeigncountriesknownastheMechanicalHand,whichisthehostofservices,fromthehost-driven;exceptionofafewoutsidetheworkingproceduresaregenerallyfixed,andthereforespecial.Mainfeatures:First,mechanicalhand(theupperandlowermaterialrobot,assemblyrobot,handlingrobot,stackingrobot,helprobo

28、t,vacuumhandlingmachines,vacuumsuctioncrane,labor-savingspreader,pneumaticbalancer,etc.).Second,cantilevercranes(cantilevercrane,electricchainhoistcrane,airbalancethehanging,etc.)Third,rail-typetransportsystem(hangingrail,lightrail,singlegirdercranes,double-beamcrane)Four,industrialmachinery,applica

29、tionofhandManipulatorinthemechanizationandautomationoftheproductionprocessdevelopedanewtypeofdevice.Inrecentyears,aselectronictechnology,especiallycomputerextensiveuseofrobotdevelopmentandproductionofhigh-techfieldshasbecomearapidlydevelopedanewtechnology,whichfurtherpromotedthedevelopmentofrobot,al

30、lowingrobottobetterachievedwiththecombinationofmechanizationandautomation.Althoughtherobotisnotasflexibleasstaff,butithastothecontinuousduplicationofworkandlabor,Idonotknowfatigue,notafraidofdanger,thepowersnatchweightcharacteristicswhencomparedwithmanuallarge,therefore,mechanicalhandhasbeenofgreati

31、mportancetomanysectors,andincreasinglyhasbeenappliedwidely,forexample:(1)Machiningtheworkpieceloadingandunloading,especiallyintheautomaticlathe,combinationmachinetooluseismorecommon.(2)Intheassemblyoperationsarewidelyusedintheelectronicsindustry,itcanbeusedtoassembleprintedcircuitboards,inthemachine

32、ryindustryItcanbeusedtoassemblepartsandcomponents.(3)Theworkingconditionsmaybepoor,monotonous,repetitiveeasytosub-fatigueworkingenvironmenttoreplacehumanlabor.(4)Maybeindangeroussituations,suchasmilitarygoodshandling,dangerousgoodsandhazardousmaterialsremovalandsoon.(5)Universeandoceandevelopment.(6

33、),militaryengineeringandbiomedicalresearchandtesting.Helpmechanicalhands:alsoknownasthebalancer,balancesuspended,labor-savingspreader,manualTransfermachineisakindofweightlessnessofmanualloadsystem,anovel,time-savingtechnologyformaterialhandlingoperationsboosterequipment,belongingtokindsofnon-standar

34、ddesignofseriesproducts.Customerapplicationneeds,creatingcustomizedcases.Manualoperationofasimulationoftheautomaticmachinery,itcanbeafixedprogramdrawshandlingobjectsorperformhouseholdtoolstoaccomplishcertainspecificactions.Applicationofrobotcanreplacethepeopleengagedinmonotonousrepetitiveorheavymanu

35、allabor,themechanizationandautomationofproduction,insteadofpeopleinhazardousenvironmentsmanualoperation,improvingworkingconditionsandensurepersonalsafety.Thelate20thcentury,40,theUnitedStatesatomicenergyexperiments,thefirstuseofradioactivematerialhandlingrobot,humanrobotinasaferoomtomanipulatevariou

36、soperationsandexperimentation.50yearslater,manipulatorandgraduallyextendedtoindustrialproductionsector,forthetemperatures,pollutedareas,andloadingandunloadingtotakeplacetheworkpiecematerial,butalsoasanauxiliarydeviceinautomaticmachinetools,machinetools,automaticproductionlinesandprocessingcenterappl

37、ications,thecompletionoftheupperandlowermaterial,orFromthelibrarytakeplaceknifeknifeandsoonaccordingtofixedproceduresforthereplacementoperation.Robotbodymainlybythehandandsportsinstitutions.Agencieswiththeuseofhandsandoperationofobjectsofdifferentoccasions,oftenthereareclampingsupportandadsorptionty

38、peofcare.Movementorgansaregenerallyhydraulicpneumaticelectricaldevicedrivers.Manipulatorcanbeachievedindependentlyretractablerotationandliftingmovements,generally2to3degreesoffreedom.Robotsarewidelyusedinmetallurgicalindustry,machinerymanufacture,lightindustryandatomicenergysectors.Canmimicsomeofthe

39、staffandarmmotorfunction,afixdprocedureforthecapture,handlingobjectsoroperatingtools,automaticoperationdevice.Itcanreplacehumanlaborinordertoachievetheproductionofheavymechanizationandautomationthatcanoperateinhazardousenvironmentstoprotectthepersonalsafety,whichiswidelyusedinmachinerymanufacturing,

40、metallurgy,electronics,lightindustryandnuclearpowersectors.Mechanicalhandtoolsorotherequipmentcommonlyusedforadditionaldevices,suchastheautomaticmachinesorautomaticproductionlinehandlingandtransmissionoftheworkpiece,thereplacementofcuttingtoolsinmachiningcenters,etc.generallydonothaveaseparatecontro

41、ldevice.Someoperatingdevicesrequiredirectmanipulationbyhumans;suchastheatomicenergysectorperformshouseholdhazardousmaterialsusedinthemaster-slavemanipulatorisalsooftenreferredtoasmechanicalhand.Manipulatormainlybyhandandsportsinstitutions.Taskofhandisholdingtheworkpiece(ortool)components,accordingto

42、graspingobjectsbyshape,size,weight,materialandoperationalrequirementsofavarietyofstructuralforms,suchasclamptype,typeandadsorption-basedcaresuchasholding.Sportsorganizations,sothatthecompletionofavarietyofhandrotation(swing),mobileorcompoundmovementstoachievetherequiredaction,tochangethelocationofobjectsbygraspingandposture.Robotis