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1、1 / 22 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高,用法多而杂,一个介词可能有多种不同的用法;一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法;弄清楚易混介词的用法异同;能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是2018年介词考查的主要方向。一、介词的分类与语法功能介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at ,in,for等;合成介词,如within ,inside ,onto ,throughout等;短语介词,
2、如according to ,out of ,by means of ,in spite of ,instead of 等; 双重介词,如 from behind /above /under,until after等; 分词介词,如 considering ,including ,judging (from/by 等。二、介词的意义1表示时间的介词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 22 页2 / 22 (1 in 表示 “ 在某一时间段 ” 或“ 在某一时候 ” ,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面,或用来泛指
3、一天的某一段时间。in 也可以指 “ 在 之后” ,表示从说话起的若干时间内。如:in July/summer/2000/ancient times The bus will be here in ten minutes. (2 on 表示“ 在特定的某一天 ” ,也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st(3 at 表示“ 在某一时间点 ” ,或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如:at six oclock, at Easter (4 over, thro
4、ugh (out两者均指 “ 经过的全部时间 ” 。如:Stay over the Christmas. (5 for与 since:for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度,为“ 长达 ”之意; since 用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有since 时间短语的句子要用完成时,但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。如:I have been there for six years. We have not seen each other since 1993. (6 during指“ 在 时期/ 时间内 ” ,必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。如:She was
5、ill for a week, and during that week she ate little. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 22 页3 / 22 2表示地点的介词(1 above, below , over, under , on, on top of, beneath, underneath: above 和 below 分别表示 “ 高于” 和“ 低于” 的意思,不一定指垂直方向上的上下;over 和 under 分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低; on/on top of和 beneath/undern
6、eath表示“ 和表面相接触” 意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。如:The temple stands on top of the hill. The pen is beneath the book. There is a lamp on the desk. (2 at, on, in:at 指小地点或集会场合;on 表示线或面上的位置;in 表示在立体、区域或环境内,特别是那些较大,能够容纳相应事物的环境。如:He works at Peking University. Your radio is on the desk. Hes sitting in the sun. (3 betw
7、een 与 among:between 用来说明 “ 在 两者之间 ” 或“ 三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系” ;among 用来说明“ 在 三者以上之间 ” 的相互关系; among 可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。如:There is a small river between the two villages. The book is the best among these modern novels. The relations between various countries are very 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结
8、 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 22 页4 / 22 important. 3表示原因的介词。(1 for 常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。如:They will reward you for your help. (2 from 和 out of 常常表示动机或原因; through表示消极或间接的原因。如:He feels weak from lack of sleep. He broke down through overwork. 4表示目的的介词for 和 to 都可以引导目的地。 for 表示拟定的接收人或目的,for 跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后,如:leave
9、, set out, start, depart, sail 等;to 表示实际的接收人或目的,to 跟在含有方向性的动词后,如: go, come, run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。如:We have left for Hong Kong. He flew to America via Hong Kong. 5表示“ 关于”的介词一般 about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体;on 用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中;of 用于动词 talk, read, know, hear 等的后面。如:What are you talking about? in te
10、rms of natural resources 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 22 页5 / 22 6表示原料的介词of 和 out of 表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质;from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。如:His house was built of brick. He made these toys out of old cigar-boxes. Steel is made from iron. 7表示价格的介词at 和 for 都可表示价格, at 仅表示价格; for 还表示 “ 交换” 。如:E
11、ggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here. I bought it for five pounds. 三、常见的介词搭配1“ 介词 名词” 型(1 in 名词in advance 在前头,事先,预先in case 如果,万一in charge 主管,掌管,看管in common 共有,共同,公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的in effect 实际上,生效in fact 事实上精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 22 页6 / 22 in order 按
12、序,井然有序,情况良好;恰当in progress 进行中in return 作为回报in turn 依次,替换地;相应地,转而in vain 徒劳(2 on 名词on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday 在度假on strike 罢工on sale 出售on loan 借贷onthe 名词on the move 在移动,搬迁;离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮on the increase 正在增加on the go 正在活动,正在奔走on the air 正在广播on the fly 正在飞行(3 beyond 名词beyond
13、ones power 是某人力所不及的精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 22 页7 / 22 beyond praise 夸不胜夸beyond ones reach 够不着beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑beyond ones understanding 无法理解(4 under 名词under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中under construction 在
14、建设中under examination 在检查 (调查中under consideration 在考虑中under repair 在修理中(5 at 名词at length 详细地,长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭at rest 在休息at table 在吃饭精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 22 页8 / 22 at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态(6 out of 名词out of breath 上气不接下气ou
15、t of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦out of control 失去控制out of business 破产out of style 过时,不时髦out of the ordinary 不寻常的out of touch 失去联系2复杂介词型(1 表示原因 (通常在句中作状语 , 意为“ 由于,因为 ” 。because of :表示实际原因 (表达一种较强的因果关系;on account of :常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。(2 表示“ 除 之外” 。with the exception of except, except
16、for“除 之外” ;apart from (美式英语中的aside from 是个复合介词,既可表示 “ 除 之外” ,相当于 except (for, 又可以表示 “ 除 之外,(还,也”,相当于 besides ;精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 22 页9 / 22 in addition to“除 之外(还,也”,相当于 besides 。(3 表示“ 有关,关于 ” 。concerning=regarding“关于,就 而论,在 方面” ;with respect to“关于,就 而言” ;as for 和 a
17、s to 用于句首时表示 “ 至于” 。(4 表示“ 在 之前” 。ahead of=in advance of ,可表示 “(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物 更前,更早 ” , 还可表示 “ 领先,优于 ” ;in front of 多指空间的前后关系, “ 在 前方” 。(5 表示“ 支持,赞成 ” 。in support of 维护,支持,支援;in favor of 可指 某 人 “ 支持 , 赞 成” , 也 可指 事 物 “ 有 利于”。(6 表示“ 鉴于,由于;根据,按照” 。in the light of 按照,考虑到in terms of 就 而言,谈到according to
18、 根据;按照in view of 鉴于,因为(7 表示“ 尽管” 。in spite of 尽管,不管3“ 形容词介词 ” 型at 前的 adj. :angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 22 页10 / 22 of前的adj. :afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。with 前的 adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, po
19、pular, patient等。in 前的 adj. :strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。to 前的 adj. :polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。for前的 adj. :sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious ,(be hungry/thirsty等。from 前的 adj. :far, different, free, safe等。about 前的 adj. :worried, anxious, careful,curious 等。4“
20、名词介词 ” 型the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way to;wish/desire/prize/respect for;pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence on1【误】Sometimes our opinions differ because what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed. 【正】 Sometimes our opinions differ because
21、 of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what weve observed. 【解读】 because 是连词,其后接句子;而because of 是短语介词,其后接名词、代词、动名词或名词性从句等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 22 页11 / 22 2【误】 How long have you been an actor? In 1995, when I graduated from college. 【正】 How long have you be
22、en an actor? Since 1995, when I graduated from college. 【解读】结合问句的语境,只有since 能回答问句所提出的问题。3【误】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch with writing often. 【正】In those days, we had no phones, so we had to keep in touch by writing often. 【解读】 by 在这里表示方式, by writing 意为“ 通过写信 ” 。1The fa
23、shion show was _ being a failure. It was a success. Afar from Balong with Cnext to Din case 【解读】Afar from远非 。along with与 一道(又, 连同 一起,随同 一起; next to 次于,紧挨着; in case 如果,万一。2It saves time in the dining room to have things you use a lot _ easy reach. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页,共
24、 22 页12 / 22 Anear B upon Cwithin D around 【解读】C考查固定用法:within easy reach在容易够到 的地方;在 的附近。句意为:在餐厅里把常用到的东西放到容易够到的地方会节省很多时间。32009福建卷 How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space! Its a challenge, I guess, man against nature. Aof B for C by D about 【解读】 A考查介词辨析。答句中的I guess是插入语,因此所填介词与 chal
25、lenge 连用,构成 a challenge of结构。4 2009全国卷 Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. Abeyond B without C of D in 【解读】 A句意为:听到她感人的故事后,人人都感动得难于言表。 beyond 超出;越过。52009重庆卷 Try on this red skirt; you will look great _ it. Aon Bby Cin Dfor 【解读】C考查介词的用法。 sth. be on sb.衣服穿在某人身上; sb. be (lo
26、ok in sth. 某人穿着什么衣服。由此可知答案为C。6 2009陕西卷 He invited me to a dance after the show 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 22 页13 / 22 _ Christmas Eve.Aat B on Cin Dby 【答案】 B 7Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like _ working here.Awith B over C at D about 【解读】 D句意为:关于
27、在这里工作,我喜欢的两件事情是现代化设备和禁止吸烟。about“有关,关于 ” ,符合题意。8If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door. Afor B by Cacross D out 【解读】 B句意为:如果你确实要在会议期间离开,那么你最好从后门离开。 “ 从后门 ” 用 by the back door 。for表示原因;across 意为“ 穿过,横穿 ” ;out 意为“ 在外面 ” ,三者均不符合句意。9Alice entered silently and sa
28、nk _ a chair. Aon Boff C into D to 【解读】C句意为:爱丽斯默默地进来,坐在了椅子上。sink into a chair颓然坐在椅子上。10When did you last hear _ Jay? He phoned me this morning ,and we agreed _ a time and place to meet. Aof ;to Babout ;with 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 22 页14 / 22 Cfrom ;with D from ;on 【解读】
29、 Dhear about/of听到有关 ,听说; hear from收到 的来信,得知某人的消息;agree on sth. 在 方面取得一致意见; agree to do sth. 同意做某事; agree to sth. 同意(计划、安排、方案等 ;agree with sb. 同意某人 (的意见 。112010四川卷 Tired ,Jim was fast asleep with his back _ a big tree. Ain Bbelow C beside D against 【解读】D考查介词词义辨析。背靠着树睡着了,against表示“ 倚,靠 ” 。122010江西卷 No
30、wadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name ,not case number. Aof B as Cby D with 【解读】 C考查介词惯用法。 by name 按名字叫。句意为:现在一些医院提到病人叫名字而不是病例号。13If you do not use your English _ the classroom you will forget that English you know. Awithin B beyond C in Dover 【解读】Bwithin等于 in 都表示 “ 在 里面 ” ; over指“ 在 上面” ;b
31、eyond 表示位置,意为 “ 在 之外” 。根据句意 “ 走出教室你如果不用英语的话,”可知答案为 B。142010北京卷 Would you mind not picking the flowers in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页,共 22 页15 / 22 the garden ?They are _ everyones enjoyment. Ain Bat C for D to 【解读】C本题考查介词。根据句子意思“ 这些花是让每个人欣赏的 ” ,可知用 for 表示目的。15. _ all kinds of
32、 difficulties, the workers have made rapid progress in the construction of the World Expo 2010 in Shanghai.AWith B For CUnder D Beyond 【解读】 A本题考查介词。句意为:尽管有很多困难,工人们在上海的世博会建筑中取得了很大的进展。with 尽管,虽然。1. 【2018 天津十二所重点学校联考】_economic, political and cultural differences, it is difficult for China and America t
33、o fully understand each otherAIn spite of BRegardless of COn account of DIn terms of【答案】 C 2 北京海淀区 2018 届高三二模) The woman pulled her hat low down _ her eyes in order not to be recognized by the angry crowds精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页,共 22 页16 / 22 Aunder Bbelow Con Dover【答案】 D
34、 3.【2018 四川泸州市二诊】 After the robbery, the shop fixed an alarm systemfurther losses.A. for B. against C. from D. to 【答案】 B 4. 【2018 唐山市二模】Im going to London and my sisters going _ Ain a hurry Bin fact Cas well Das a result【答案】 C 5.2018河北正定中学第一次月考) 17The professor devoted all his life _the treatment of
35、 AIDSA to research Bin researching Cto researching Dat researching【答案】 C 6.2018 河北 正 定 中学 第 一 次月 考 ) 15They experimented _the new medicine _animalsAon; to B by ; on Cwith ; on D with; to【答案】 C 7.2018 唐 山 市 摸 底 ) 20 You had better not discuss the problem at the meetingYou may discuss it tea精选学习资料 - -
36、 - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 16 页,共 22 页17 / 22 Ain Bat Cfor Dover 【答案】 D 8.2018重庆师大附中第一次月考)35.To save the drowning child, the boy plunged into the icy water without hesitation, _ his own safety.A. despite of B. regardless of C. unaware ofD. because of【答案】 B9.2018 浙江温州十校联考) 19We may be going
37、 skiing at Christmas, but its still all up _We ll probably make the decision the day after tomorrow.Ain the wild Bin the distance Cin the air Din the long run 【答案】 C 考查短语的含义。此处up in the air意为:悬而未决。10.2018 浙 江温州 八校 返校联 考) 27 Some classmates are against my plan while the majority are _ itAin view of B
38、in favor of Cin honor of Din memory of【答案】 B 11.2018浙江学军中学第一次月考) 30. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged how great their achievements are. A.in spite of B.in charge of C.in favor D.in 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 17 页,共 22 页18 / 22 terms of 【答案】 D12.2018广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考)
39、 29- Shall we visit Jim tonight? - OK. To make sure that he s in, we d better call him up .Ain exchange Bin return Cin briefDin advance 【答案】 D 13.2018广西玉林、南宁二中 9 月联考) 30 - I ll take it if you reduce the price by 30%. - But it s my power to sell it cheaper. Abeyond Bwithout Coff Dagainst 【答案】 A 14.20
40、18云南昆明一中第一次月考) 6The fridge produced by Haier is high quality and is not expensive either. A in Bfor Cto Dof 【答案】 D 15.2018云南昆明一中第一次月考) 9Once made out, the law must be carried out _ any difficulty. A regardless of Binstead of C because of Din need of精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 18 页
41、,共 22 页19 / 22 【答案】 A 16.2018浙江杭州西湖中学检测)33. The coach, because of the driver s carelessness, was _ and crashed over the cliff on such a cold December morning.Ain support Bout of control Cin chargeDat the mercy 【答案】 B17.2018湖南长沙一中第一次月考)32 She is being pleased about it; she is very angryAfree from Bfr
42、ee of Cout of Dfar from 【答案】 D 18.2018四川成都市摸底)34 These toys are not suitable for children four years old, who are too young.Aoutside Bbeyond Cunder Dwithin 【答案】 C19.2018 湖 南 雅 礼 中 学 第 一 次 月 考 ) 35 _ the extremely hot weather, we continued having classesAThanks to B In addition to C In defence of DRe
43、gardless of【答案】 D 考查考查短语的用法。句意:不管天气多热,我们仍继续上课。20.2018 湖南雅礼中学第一次月考)21What do you mean 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 19 页,共 22 页20 / 22 _ saying that I m lucky?Aat Bon Cby Dof 【答案】 C 21We are not prepared to compromise _ the price of the computer.Awith Bbetween Con Din【答案】 C 22.2018 四
44、川成都外国语学校 9 月考) 25Barack Obama has taken personal blame _ the security failures which led _ the attempt to blow up a plane on Christmas Day.A. of; to B. for; to C. on; on D. in; on【答案】 B23.2018 河南实验中学第一次月考) 26. The boy talked his mother _ buying him a home computer.A. of B. over C. to D. into 【答案】 D
45、24.2018 河南实验中学第一次月考) 24 To enjoy the scenery, Sara would spend long hours on the train _ travel by air.A. as to B. other than C. instead of D. rather than 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 20 页,共 22 页21 / 22 【答案】 D25.2018 河 南 实 验 中 学 第 一 次 月 考 ) 31. In China, all the students work hard
46、at school _ going to university for higher education in the future. A. in the habit of B. in the hope of C. in search of D. in honor of 【答案】 B26.2018 广西桂林中学第一次月考)32. His best-known work that is _ all praise can be seen in the museum.A. with B. beyond C. without D. within【答案】 B 27.2018 贵州遵义四中第一次月考)11
47、. Are you free after school?Sorry: I ve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner for his help.A. in terms B. in honor C. in turn D. in return【答案】 D 28.2018 宁夏银川一中第一次月考)34_ money, the man was very rich, but he was not happy at all.AIn spite of BIn favor of CIn terms of DIn need of【答案】 C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 21 页,共 22 页22 / 22 29.2018 桂林十八校第一次月考) 23. This stranger is familiar _this area.A. to B. for C. with D. in【答案】 C 考查介词的用法。解题关键:掌握短语be familiar with “对。熟悉。 ”申明:所有资料为本人收集整理,仅限个人学习使用,勿做商业用途。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 22 页,共 22 页
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