BritishGeography.ppt

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1、 Contents 1. Location2. Geographical Features England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Rivers and Lakes The Climate3. Population The Structure of the Population Ethnic Groups4. London (For Presentation)Location:Britain is an Island country. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of E

2、urope. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east. The narrowest part between England and France is called Straits of Dover, which is only 33km across. From north to south 966km, from east to west 483km, the coastline 11450km. The Britis

3、h Isles consists of two large islands (Great Britain and Ireland) and many other small islands. In the British Isles there are two states. One has authority over the whole Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales), the Northern Ireland and most of the smaller islands, with its full namethe United

4、Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually shortened to the United Kingdom or the U.K., Great Britain, Britain, or sometimes informally England. The other governs the rest of the British Islesthe Republic of Ireland.General Characteristics（地理特点）BRITISH ISLES不列颠群岛 GREAT BRITAIN 大不列颠岛（不列颠岛

5、） ENGLAND 英格兰 SCOTLAND 苏格兰 WALES 威尔士威尔士NORTHERN IRELAND北爱尔兰 Landforms Of the four nations of Britain-England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, England is the largest and occupies most of the British Isles. Scotland occupies the northern part and Wales the western part of the British isles. Nort

6、hern Ireland occupies the northern part of Ireland.The northernmost part of Great Britain is A. Northern Island B. Scotland C. England D. WalesEngland map Three landform regions： Eastrolling downs and low-lying plains; Middle England the Pennines (奔宁山脉), which form the backbone of England. Northwest

7、 the Cumbrian Mountain Range(康布里安山脉康布里安山脉,地处英格兰西北部湖区地处英格兰西北部湖区), the highest mountain peak of which is Scafell (977m, 斯克费尔峰).Map of EnglandPlains平原the Pennines奔宁山脉The Cumbrian Mountain Range康布里安山脉康布里安山脉BACKthe Pennines The Pennines form the backbone of England, extending south from the Scottish bord

8、er to Derby shire德比郡.BACKThe Cumbrian Mountain Range The highest mountain in England but the third highest mountain throughout the country.BACK Scotland 苏格兰苏格兰苏格兰风笛bagpipeScottish kilts苏格兰方格呢短裙National Park （国家公园）（国家公园） The Scottish Highlands苏格兰高地勇敢的心 (惊世未了情) The movie tells the story about a nation

9、al hero-William Wallace and the national uprising under his leadership in the late 13th century. In the real history, the Scotland was once invaded by England, so Scottish people fight for their independence/freedom.William Wallace is the main character, a national hero in the film. When he was a ch

10、ild, his father sacrificed in the battle of England. He grew up with his uncle, studying culture and martial arts (武术).When he was grown up, he came back to his hometown and fell in love with a girl and they married secretly.His rural dream was broken when his wife was killed by England soldier. In

11、order to revenge, he began fighting. More and more oppressed people attended his fighting. The only thing he fights for is freedom, but his revolution is not smooth. Many Scottish nobles only gave him grudging (勉强的) support.At the end of the film, the noble Robert Bruce led Wallaces troops, continue

12、d to fight against English and won their freedom finally.Classic lines:Fight and you may die, run and youll live. At least a while. And dying in your beds many years from now, would you be willing to trade all the days from this day to that for one chance, just one chance to come back here and tell

13、our enemies that they may take our lives, but theyll never take our freedom?!“战斗，你可能会死；逃跑，至少能苟且偷生，年复一年，直到寿终正寝。你们！愿不愿意用这么多苟活的日子去换一个机会，仅有的一个机会！那就是回到战场，告诉敌人，他们也许能夺走我们的生命，但是，他们永远夺不走我们的自由！” Many man dies, not every man really lives. 每个人都会死,但不是每个人都真正活过. Scotland About two thirds of Scotland is covered by

14、the Highlands. The chief range in the Highlands is the Grampian Mountains, which contain Ben Nevis, the highest mountain on the island of Great Britain. The central lowlands of Scotland include the valleys of the Clyde(克莱德河克莱德河), Tay (泰河)and Forth (福斯河) rivers. This is the most important area in Sco

15、tland, which contains most of the industry and population. Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, are both located in this area. The Southern Uplands are a region of rolling moorlands cut by some small fertile river valleys. The Southern Uplands reach their hi

16、ghest point in Merrick (梅里梅里克克).Highland & Lowland The Grampian Mountain (格兰扁山脉格兰扁山脉)Ben Nevis(尼维斯山尼维斯山) 1344m The name Nevis comes from the Gaelic word盖尔语盖尔语 for heaven or clouds. Ben Nevis can therefore be translated mountain with its head in the clouds or cloudy mountain.Loch Ness（尼斯湖）（尼斯湖）Nessie

17、, the Loch Ness Monster（尼斯湖的水怪）（尼斯湖的水怪）Edinburgh- the capital of Scotland Edinburgh is a major and historic city on the east coast of Scotland, and in the unitary local authority of City of Edinburgh. It has been the capital of Scotland since 1492 and is the site of the Scottish Parliament, which wa

18、s re-established in 1999. The Old and New Towns of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO联合国教科文组织 World Heritage Site in 1995. In the census of 2001 Edinburgh had a total resident population of 448,624.Edinburgh Festival Edinburgh Festival Fringe 爱丁堡边缘艺术节爱丁堡边缘艺术节The University of EdinburghGlasgow- the la

19、rgest city of Scotland Industrial city Ship-building center Wales 威尔士Wales Wales covers an area of about 20,700 square kilometers. It is geographically divided into the industrial south, the central plateaus高原 and lakes and the mountainous north of the farmers and tourists. Most of Wales is mountain

20、ous, mainly formed by the Cambrian Mountain Range (坎布里安山脉坎布里安山脉). In Wales, only 12% of the land is arable, 6% is covered with forest, and much of the land is pastureland for sheep and cattle. The most fertile land in Wales is found near the coast and in the interior valleys. Coal has been mined in

21、the area between Cardiff (加的夫加的夫,威尔士首府威尔士首府) and Swansea(斯旺西斯旺西,英国威尔士南英国威尔士南部港市部港市).The Cambrian Mountain RangeThe Cambrian Mountains are a wild and empty plateau lying between the Snowdonia and Brecon Beacons National Parks, once known as the “Green Desert of Wales”. Cardiff- the capital of WalesDe

22、tails on page 5Victoria Shopping ArcadesSwansea Swanseathe University of Wales Swansea Northern Ireland The central part of Northern Ireland is composed of plains surrounded by such highlands and mountains as Antrim (安特里安特里姆高原姆高原), Sperrin (斯别林山斯别林山) and Mourne (莫恩山莫恩山). On the central plain lies Lo

23、ugh Neagh (讷湖讷湖), the largest lake in the whole country. Northern Ireland is mainly agricultural, with industry concentrated in the two ports of Belfast (贝尔法斯特贝尔法斯特,北爱尔北爱尔兰首府兰首府) and Londonderry (伦敦德里伦敦德里,英国港英国港市市).Map of Northern IrelandSperrin MountainsMourne MountainLough NeaghLough Neagh is the

24、largest freshwater lake in the British Isles covering 153 sq miles (400 sq km) and touches five of the six counties of Northern Ireland. Belfast- the capital of Northern IrelandDetails on page 6Rivers and Lakes The Thames River (338 kms)The most important river in Britain The Severn River (354 kms)T

25、he longest river in Britain The Mersey River (110 kms) The Humber River Lake District Lake WindermereThe Thames River/temz/ The name comes from Latin Tamesis, perhaps meaning the dark one. The Thames River is famous for its culture, its history and its amazing variety. 泰晤士河The Thames River In this p

26、icture, the Palace of Westminster is on the left, in front of Westminster Bridge (thought to be the site of the Romans first crossing point). On the south bank of the river (on the right of the picture) are Lambeth Palace (the London residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury). The Severn River The l

27、ongest river in Britain is the Severn River (354 kms), which rises in the mountains of Wales and empties into the Bristol Channel布里布里斯托尔斯托尔, where the ports of Cardiff and Bristol are located.The Mersey River 莫西河莫西河 The Mersey River (110 kms) flows between Lancashire (兰开夏郡) and Cheshire (柴郡) into th

28、e Irish Sea. Its estuary, navigable for ocean vessels, is linked to Manchester by a ship canal, with the port Liverpool on its mouth. The Humber River 亨伯亨伯河河 The Humber River in Humberside（亨伯塞德郡）（亨伯塞德郡） is also navigable for large ships to Hull（赫尔（赫尔,英格兰东北部港英格兰东北部港市）市）.Lakes Lakes in Britain are chi

29、efly found in the English Lake District. The largest Lake in England is Lake Windermere (温得米尔湖). It covers an area of 16 square kilometers and is located in the Lake District, in the northwest of England. Lake District is one of the popular touring spots in England, where there are 15 lakes radiatin

30、g like the spokes of a wheel from a central hub. It is commonly accounted the most beautiful part of England, where William Wordsworth and the other Lake Poets were born and lived, who were inspired by the perfection of water, trees and heather-covered slopes.Lake District（湖区）（湖区） Crummock Water莫克莫克

31、湖湖 Aira Force艾拉瀑布艾拉瀑布Lake WindermereDaffodils William Wordsworth I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that s

32、hine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of the bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in a sprightly dance The waves beside them danced, but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund compa

33、ny: I gazed - and gazed - but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils William Wordsworth（沃

34、兹沃（沃兹沃斯）斯）1770 - 1850 Cockermouth Wordsworth HouseWordsworth Memorial Opposite Wordsworth House is this bronze bust半身像 of the poet, unveiled on 7 April 1970, the bicentenary of Williams birth, by his great-great-grandson玄孙. As part of the same celebrations, 27000 daffodils were planted on open space

35、s and approaches to the town.Climate Britain lies between 50 to 60 latitude, so the climate in Britain is generally mild and temperate. It has a favorable maritime (海洋性的) climatewinters are mild and summers are cool and it has a steady reliable rainfall.Three features of British climate: Fogs or smo

36、g in winter Rainy days Instability or changeabilityDetails on page 4-5Foggy London FogBritish WeatherAverage Number of Rainy Days (0.25mm or more falls)Extension Natural Resources The main natural resources in Britain are coal (煤煤), petroleum (石油), natural gas (天然气天然气), iron ore (铁矿石), limestone (石灰

37、石), clay shale (粘土页岩, 泥页岩), chalk (白垩) and tin (锡锡). Coal and petroleum are the most important.Coal mining in Britain The Ayrshire (亚尔郡亚尔郡) field in Scotland South Wales Central England-the largest one of the country(including York, Birmingham,Nottingham, Leicester andDerby)Petroleum in Britain Ther

38、e are more than fifty oil fields in the North Sea, near Britain. They are shown in brown. Each field can have a number of platforms extracting oil and possibly some rigs钻探钻探设备设备 drilling exploration wells. There are also more than twenty gas fields off the Norfolk coast.North Sea oil and gas fieldsThe Structure of the Population Ethnic groups Thank You!