2022年新版人教版八年级上英语-单元知识点 .pdf

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1、名师推荐精心整理学习必备Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister. 1，比较级，最高级变化规则一般在词尾 + er 或 est；以 e 结尾的加 r 或 st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er 或 est；辅音字母 +y 结尾的，改y 为 i+ er 或 est；多音节词和部分双音节词，加more 或 most。不规则变化见书本P114 2，比较级用法基本句型：主语+be+比较级 +than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg：Who do you think is more outgoing ，Lily or Lucy ？Very，more，quite，so，

2、too 等修饰原级； much，a little ，a lot，a bit，far ，even等修饰比较级eg：I m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister. I m even worse now.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. China is larger than any country in Africa. 比较对象要一致（that 代替不可数名词，those 代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）e

3、g：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan. The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two. My bike is newer than Tom s. 比较级中出现of the two/ twins 结构时， adj 比较级前要 +the，不可用than Eg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers. “get/ become+ 比较级 +and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”（多音节或部分双音节用“ more

4、 and more+原级）Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes. You re getting more and more beautiful.“the+比较级， the+比较级”表示“越，就越”Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be. “Asas”中间接原级 ，表示“与一样” ，否定为“ not as/ soas”表示“不如”Eg: He is as tall as his father. He is not as/ so tall as his father. “比较级

5、 +than”(more/ less +原级 +than)与“ not as/ soas”可以互换Eg: I m taller than you. Chinese is more important than Biology. Youre shorter than me.Biology is less important than Chinese You re not as/ so tall as me. Biology is not as/ so important as Chinese 比大 /多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+ times+比较级 +than+比较对象”Eg: Our cl

6、assroom is twice larger than yours. 重几斤，高几公分，大几岁，用“主语+be+数量词 +比较级 +than+比较对象”Eg: I m six years older than you. 3，loudly 大声地，响亮地（多含噪音之意）aloud 大声地，出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for help loud 大声地，高声地，常与speak，shout，laugh，talk 连用响亮的，大声的loud voice 4，fast 强调速度快run/ drive fast 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -

7、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备quickly 强调动作、行动快soon 强调时间间隔短5，competition 体育，书法，朗读，音乐等比赛match 体育竞技比赛，球类比赛race 速度方面的竞赛，赛跑，赛龙舟等6，win+ 比赛，奖项beat+人，团队7，ago 以前，用于一般过去时，放在一段时间后before 在以前，通常用于完成时，放在时间点或事件之前8，the same as be different from be similar

8、 to =be like 9，be good at+ V-ing=do well in 擅长于be good for 对有益（be bad for 对有害）be good to 对友好（good 可用 friendly ，nice，kind 替换）be good with 和相处好 =get on/ along well with 10， true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/ really 指人或事客观存在，不是想象的11， take care of=look after 照顾care for 照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物care about 关心，

9、计较，在乎12， make sb do sth make sb/ sth +adj make me happy make sb +n. We made him monitor. make sb +过去分词She spoke aloud to make herself heard. make it 约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达Let s make it at 10:00. Don t worry. He ll make it. 13， both 位置：行前be 后both of them/ us=they/ we both both 作主语，谓语动词用复数not both 为部分否定，全部否定要

10、用eithernot 或者 neither bothand=not only but（also）否定为： neithernor 14， be popular with sb 受某人欢迎be popular in/ at 在某地受欢迎15， it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 to do sth）It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me. 16， br

11、ing out 使显现出17， share sth with sb 和某人分享18， other “其他的，另外的” ，后接名词复数，有时 other+n 复数 =others another “又一（个），另一（个） ” ，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数 。the other“ （两者中的）另一个” ，常与 one 连用，“onethe other”表示“一个，另一个”19， heart learn sth by heart 用心记lose heart 灰心20， break the law/ rules/ world record 违法 /违规 /打破世界纪录Break

12、 off 打断break away from 摆脱，脱离break into 破门而入break in 插嘴Break down 出故障break out 爆发break up 散火break one s words 食言名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Have a break/ rest 休息会儿21， laugh 发笑laugh at 嘲笑Smile 微笑smile at 对微笑22，

13、定语从句 ：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词 有： that, who (whom, whose), which; 关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语，且不能省略）有：when, where, why 等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素：(1)先行词是什么 (2)先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。关系代词（ that，who，which ，whose，whom）引导的定语从句。that/ who 在从句中作主语，先行词

14、为人。Eg：The girl that/ who is reading is my sister. that/ which 在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为物。Eg：The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.( 主) He came back for the book that/ which he had forgotten. （宾）whose 在从句中作定语，先行词为人或物。Eg：This is the pencil whose point is broken. That is the girl whose mother died t

15、wo years ago. whom/ that 在从句中作宾语，先行词为人。Eg：The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin. 关系副词（ when/ where/ why ）引导的定语从句。When 在从句中作时间状语，其先行词是表示时间的词（day/ year/ season等） 。例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。I shall never forget the day_I joined the League. 解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。The PLA men come at the time _ the people need t

16、hem most. Where 在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的词（place/ town/ home/ house）例如：你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place _we first met? 近来你去过你成长的小城吗？Have you been to the town _ you grew up recently?Why 在从句中作原因状语，其先行词是reason。例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobody knows the reason _ he is often late for school 23， call s

17、b at +电话号码24， information 【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料（侧重内容）news【UC】 广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息（强调新鲜、及时）a piece of news message 【C】 口信、短信、信息（强调传递）take a message for sb leave a message to sb 25， who do you think should get the job ？=in your opinion ，who should get the job ？名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - -

18、- - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Unit 4 What s the best movie theater ？1， 最高级的用法用于三者或三者以上的比较eg：Which do you like best ，Chinese，Math or English ？“one of+最高级 +n.复数”表示“最之一”Eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.“the +序数词 +最高级 +n.单数 +范围”表示“在范围

19、内是第几”Eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用that 引导定语从句Eg：My cousin is the funniest person （that） I know. This is the first letter （that）I received from my sister. Of all +n. 复数； of the +数（ 3）+ n.复数； in/ at+地点2， Comfort v.使舒适，安慰comfortable adj. 舒适的 ( uncomfortable) comfort

20、ably adv. 舒适地3， Voice 嗓音（说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声）in a low voice 小声地Noise 杂音Sound 任何可以听到的声音4， be close to 靠近5， choose-chose choose from 从中选择choose to do sth 选择做某事6， Can I ask you some / a few questions? 7， Welcome to+地点8， So far= until now= up to now至今为止9， Around/ near here= in the neighborhood 10， thanks for

21、+n/ V-ing Thanks for your help/ thanks for helping me. Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ You re welcome/ That s all right/ Not at all/ It s a pleasure/ My pleasure/ That s OK. 11， talent n.天资，才能talented adj.有天赋的( untalented) Have a talent for (

22、doing) sth. 对（做）某事有天赋12， around the world= all over the world 13， havein common 有相同特征in common with 同一样14， Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点”，与 a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种”，some kinds of 意为“几种”，different kinds of 意为“不同种类的” ，all kinds of 意为“各种各样的” 。这里的 kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。15， and so on等等16， be up to 是

23、的职责，由决定be up to sb to do sth 应由某人做某事17， play a role/ part in doing sth 在中扮演角色，在中发挥作用，有影响18，部分否定： all，both，everyone，everybody，everything ，everywhere，every，each，always等与 not 连用表示部分否定。全 部 否 定 ： allnone， bothneither ， everyoneno one/ nobody/ not anyone ，everythingnothing/ not anything ，everyno，alwaysnev

24、er 19， make up 编造（故事、谎言）名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备20， take seriously认真对待21， for example 例如follow the example of 以为榜样give an example 举例set an example to 给树立榜样such as例如22， come true 23， finish+ n/ v-ing 24， crowd v.拥挤eg：They crowd into the room. n.人群eg：There was a big crowd at the football match. A crowd of students are waiting for the bus Crowded adj. 拥挤的名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 5 页 - - - - - - - - -