高二英语暑假作业3.docx

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1、高二英语暑假作业（3）第一部分 阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A Architect Daniel Libeskind is the designer of some global landmarks such as New Yorks One World Trade Center and Berlins Jewish Museum. In his new book, he reviews his lifes work and its inspirationsincluding these books. Alices Adventures in

2、 Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll. I love Lewis Carroll; hes a total genius (天才). His two classic works are childrens books for grown-ups because they show aspects of the creative mind that we all have but seldom use in adulthood. Inspired by Carroll, I make a habit of trying

3、to learn seven amazing things before breakfast. Ulysses by James Joyce. Joyce once said that if Dublin were destroyed, you could recreate the entire city from this novel. You cant do urban planning without Ulysses because it is a labyrinth (迷宫) you can never leave. In Search of Lost Time by Marcel P

4、roust. Prousts great novel is really a book of reflections about how architectureour living spacescreates a blueprint (蓝图) for our dreams, our desires, our emotions, and our memories. Where we have lived, what we have eaten, and what kind of cups we useall of those aspects are examined here in minut

5、e detail. Emily Dickinsons Herbarium about Emily Dickinsons work. From childhood onward, Dickinson collected, pressed, and classified the plants she grew in her garden in Amherst. Through the pictures in this book, you can see how her poetryall her symbols, all her metaphors (隐喻), the colors she men

6、tions mirrors nature. You dont even have to read her poetry to see what a great artist she was.1.Which of the following books is set in Dublin?A. Ulysses.B. In Search of Lost Time.C. Alices Adventures in Wonderland & Through the Looking-Glass.D. Emily Dickinsons Herbarium.2.Who was interested in var

7、ious plants?A. James Joyce.B. Emily Dickinson.C. Marcel Proust.D. Lewis Carroll.3.What can be learned about the books mentioned in the text?A. They are all novels.B. They are written for children.C. They offer inspirations to Daniel Libeskind.D. They focus on the power of nature.B The AlphaGo progra

8、ms victory is an example of how smart computers have become. But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethicallycan they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethica

9、lly. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What

10、about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself not to the passengers? Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigge

11、r challenge. About the same time as AlphaGos victory, Microsofts chatbot took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 1824. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handl

12、e conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages. AlphaGos victory and Taylors defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use

13、 AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring a troubling software problem to the surface. Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which owns AlphaGo. He thinks AI will be positive

14、 for humans. He says people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and just better human beings.1.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGos victory?A. Computers will surpass human beings.B. Computers have unmatched pote

15、ntial.C. Computers are mans potential opponents.D. Computers can become highly intelligent.2.What is said to be the bigger challenge in the AI age?A. How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.B. How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.C. How to prevent AI

16、machines doing harm to humans.D. How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.3.What do we learn about Microsofts chatbot Taylor?A. She could not distinguish good from bad.B. She could turn herself off when necessary.C. She was not made to handle strange situations.D. She was good at performing

17、routine tasks.4.What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?A. It will be superior to human beings.B. It will keep improving as time goes by.C. It will prove to be valuable to human beings.D. It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.C From Mozart to Metallica, tons of people enjoy li

18、stening to various types of music while they paint or write. Many believe that music helps boost creativity, but an international study conducted by British and Swedish researchers is challenging that belief. Their findings indicate that music actually stymies creativity. To come to their conclusion

19、s, researchers had participants complete verbal insight problems designed to inspire creativity while sitting in a quiet room, and then again while music played in the background. They found that background music significantly damaged the participants ability to complete tasks associated with verbal

20、 creativity. The research team also tested background noises such as those commonly heard in a library, but found that such noises had no impact on subjects creativity. The tasks were simple word games. For example, participants were given three words, such as dress, dial, and flower. Then, they wer

21、e asked to find a single word associated with all three that could be combined to form a common phrase or word. The single word, in this case, would be sun (sundress, sunflower, etc). Participants completed the tasks in either a quiet room, or a room with three different types of music: music with u

22、nfamiliar lyrics, instrumental music, or music with familiar lyrics. We found strong evidence of damaged performance when playing background music in comparison to quiet background conditions, says co-author Dr. Neil McLatchie of Lancaster University. Dr. McLatchie and his colleagues theorize that m

23、usic interferes with the verbal working memory processes of the brain, blocking creativity. Also, as far as the library background noises having seemingly no effect, the studys authors believe that was the case because library noises create a steady state environment that doesnt disrupt concentratio

24、n. Its worth mentioning that even familiar music with well known lyrics damaged participants creativity, regardless of whether or not it caused a positive reaction, or whether participants typically studied or created while listening to music. To conclude, the findings here challenge the popular vie

25、w that music strengthens creativity, and instead demonstrate that music, regardless of the presence of the semantic (语义的) content (no lyrics, familiar lyrics or unfamiliar lyrics ), consistently disrupts creative performance in insight problem solving, the study reads.1.Why are Mozart and Metallica

26、mentioned at the beginning?A. To prove they are very creative.B. To introduce the topic of the text.C. To show the importance of music.D. To offer some background information.2.What does the underlined word stymies in the first paragraph probably mean?A. Blocks.B. Boosts.C. Inspires.D. Strengthens.3

27、.If the participants were given the words fire, place and book during the game, a proper answer could be _.A. man B. storeC. work D. birth4.What do we know about the study?A. The tasks were very difficult for participants to finish.B. All participants were exposed to two different types of music.C.

28、Music with famous lyrics didnt harm participants creativity.D. Library background noises hardly affected participants creativity.D The disease malaria (疟疾) has caused mankind trouble throughout history. In the 1860s as the drug called chloroquine began to lose its effectiveness, malaria began to app

29、ear again in Southeast Asia. Every country in the world then poured large quantities of human resources into discovering another antimalarial drug. In 1964, China put forward the plan to break new ground in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. There was no great discovery until 1981, when Chinese sc

30、ientist Tu Youyou gave a speech titled Chemical Research into Artemisinin (青蒿素) at an international conference of the WHO. The speech was regarded as a lifeline for malaria sufferers. Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Health Science Center. In 1969, just as the research into treating malari

31、a had reached a dead end, 39-year-old Tu, in order to overcome this terrible problem, took on the job as head of a research team of this problem. The first thing Tu did was interview experienced doctors of Chinese medicine. Then she and her colleagues conducted various kinds of experiments on hundre

32、ds of kinds of Chinese medicinal herbs, including the artemisia. However, the results were disappointing: even those involving artemisinin, which had been universally well-regarded, were less than satisfactory. But later, when Tu found a relevant passage written by Ge Hong of the Tsin Dynasty, it oc

33、curred to her that high temperatures destroy artemisinins effectiveness: it needs a low temperature to work properly. The discovery helped Tu and her research team to think outside the box. Finally, in 1972, artemisinin was found to be one hundred percent effective against the disease! In 2000 WHO a

34、nnounced artemisinin was a leading antimalarial drug, and promoted it worldwide. So far, it has been playing a great role in the battle against malaria. At the age of 39, Tu began to devote her life to her research. In 2015, at the age of 85, she received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. H

35、ow did Tu manage to accomplish such a great achievement? You probably have the answer to that already.1.What can be learnt about chloroquine from Paragraph 1?A. It contributed to Tus great discovery.B. It was discovered by experts in Southeast Asia.C. It was a breakthrough out of Chinese medicine.D.

36、 It used to be effective against the disease of malaria.2.What did Tu Youyou do after reading a passage by Ge Hong?A. She interviewed doctors to collect their experience.B. She attempted to heat the extract at a low temperature.C. She made necessary adjustments in each stage of her research.D. She e

37、xpanded access to the antimalarial drug around the world.3.Which of the following can best summarize the main reason for Tus success?A. You reap what you sow.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. Dont claim to know what you dont know.D. Live and learn through your mistakes or experience.第二节根据短文内容，从短

38、文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。5 ways to deal with anxiety Everyone has feelings of anxiety, nervousness, tension, and stress from time to time. Here are 5 ways to help manage them: Become a relaxation expert. We all think we know how to relax. But chilling out in front of the TV or computer isnt t

39、rue relaxation. (Depending on what youre watching or doing, it could even make you more tense.) The same is true for alcohol, drugs, or tobacco._ What the body really needs is daily practice of a relaxation techniquelike deep breathing, Tai Chi, or yogathat has a physical effect on the mind. For exa

40、mple, deep breathing helps to relax a major nerve that runs from the diaphragm to the brain, sending a message to the entire body to let go and loosen up. Get enough sleep, and nourishment. Want your mind and body to feel peaceful and strong enough to handle lifes ups and downs?_ Eat well: Choose fr

41、uit, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains for long-term energy (instead of the short bursts that come from too much sugar or caffeine). _ Spend time with friends or family. Organized activities are great, but just hanging out works too. Doing things with those we feel close to deepens our bon

42、ds, allowing us to feel supported and secure. And the fun and sharing that go with it allow us to feel happier and less upset about things. If you feel worried or nervous about something, talking about it with someone who listens and cares can help you feel more understood and better able to cope. Y

43、oull be reminded that everyone has these feelings sometimes. Youre not alone. Get close to nature. _ (Choose somewhere you feel safe so you can relax and enjoy your surroundings.) Walking, hiking, trail biking, or snowshoeing offer the additional benefit of exercise. Invite a friend or two or a fami

44、ly member along and enjoy feeling connected to people as well. Pay attention to the good things. A great way to keep our minds off the worry track is to focus our thoughts on things that are good, beautiful, and positive._ Allow yourself to dream, wish, and imagine the best that could happen.A. Conn

45、ect with others.B. Appreciate the small, everyday blessings.C. There are many safe, drug-free remedies(补救措施) for anxiety.D. They may seem to relieve anxiety or stress, but its a false and temporary state of relaxation.E. Get the right amount of sleep for your needs一not too much or too little.F. Some

46、 start working right away, while others may help lessen anxiety over time.G. Heading out for a walk in the park or a hike in the woods can help too.第二部分第一节阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 From an early age, Parker always said that he would be an astronaut when he grew up. But no matter h

47、ow much he studied and took tests, he was never 1 to fly in space. Finally, he grew over the maximum age for taking the selection tests. In other words, he would never be able to fulfill his2 . Thinking about all the time and3 Parker had put into being an astronaut, people felt4 for him. Despite wha

48、t he was told about having to5 his ambition, Parker continued training and studying,6 he would have the tests the next month. He7 as he got older, and when he was a very old man, he heard that they were doing some very vital medical experiments. For those experiments they needed a very8 astronaut. Parker, who walked with a stick, was the only old man in the who