2011届高考英语 语法专题复习形容词与副词.ppt

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1、2011届高考英语语法专题复习：形容词与副词形容词和副词的基本用法和位置 形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语；而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首,作状语。 n I am _at English while my sister does _ in math. ( good; well)1.Work gets done _ when people do it together ,and the rewards are higher too. A. easily B. very easy C. more easil

2、y D. easier good;wellC（1）形容词短语作定语，如形容词+介词/不定式 ,或成对的形容词作定语时，定语后置。 a language too difficult to master / a boy ,tall and handsome A man is so difficult to please must hard to work with.（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，

3、ill如作定语意为“bad”。 He is the greatest poet alive . （3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something nothing等时，通常后置。如： I have something important to tell you. （4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。如： What else ? 以-able /-ble 结尾的形容词置于由形容词的最高级或only 等词修饰时，后置： the only solution possible Send all the tickets

4、 available. （5）副词作定语，定语后置。如： The person there is waiting for you. (6)从句作定语时，也后置。如： This is the vase that he gave me as a gift present. （9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、these ）+数量形容词（three）+ 描绘性形容词（beautiful） + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（old年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词，即

5、” 限定描绘大限定描绘大长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途长高，形状年龄与新老，颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠类别往后靠”。如： a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella, the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings She has bought herself _ dress. A . a cotton purple expensive B. an expensive purple cotton C. a purple expensive cotton D. a cott

6、on expensive 考试中常见的状语题型 1.形容词也可以作状语，但是表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式，相当于being +adj.。如： He returned home ,safe and sound. 他回到家，安然无恙。 He go home quickly. 快速回家 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如： Luckily ，he was not hurt in the accident. Fortunately , he was saved by the doctor in the hospital.1._, Mr. Smith is a man to rely o

7、n . A. Speaking frank B. Speaking frankly C. Frankly speaking D. Frank speaking 2. Having been praised by his teacher ,the little boy ran back home , _. A. happily and satisfied B. eager and excitedly C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly熟记下面形容词副词的固定搭配 be dead /blind drunk wide awake rai

8、n/snow heavily sound /fast asleep move/breathe/drink/smoke heavily be well worth very much alike much afraid 以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。 in a friendly way /a silly laugh daily weekly ,monthly ,early , 和leisurely 既是形容词又是

9、副词 It s a daily paper . It comes out daily. 表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词： deep深，deeply深入地；wide宽广，widely广泛地；high高，highly高度地；low位置低，lowly地位卑微；close近，closely密切地；firm 稳固地，firmly坚固地；direct径直地，directly恰好，直接，坦率地 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词： dead完全,绝对be dead asleep ；deadly非常be deadly tired / pretty相当be pretty certain that；pre

10、ttily漂亮地be prettily dressed/late晚迟arrive late, come late lately；最近I havent seen him lately (recently)./ hard努力地;hardly 几乎不/ near 近;nearly 几乎/clean完全地;cleanly 清洁地/clear彻底地;clearly 清晰地 /most 最;mostly 大部分地 /right直接地;rightly公正地合理地 复合形容词的构成（1）形容词 + 名词 + ed kind-hearted好心的，white-haired白发的 (2)形容词 + 形容词 red

11、-hot炽热的，dark-blue深蓝的（3）形容词）形容词 + 现在分词现在分词 good-looking好看的，好看的，easy-going随和的随和的（4）副词）副词 + 现在分词现在分词 hard-working勤劳的，勤劳的，fast-moving快速转动的快速转动的（5）副词）副词 + 过去分词过去分词 hard-won得来不易的，得来不易的，newly-made新建的新建的（6）名词）名词 + 形容词形容词 life-long终生的，终生的，world-famous世界闻名世界闻名的的（7）名词）名词 + 现在分词现在分词 peace-loving爱和平的，爱和平的，fun-lo

12、ving爱开玩笑的爱开玩笑的（8）名词）名词 + 过去分词过去分词 snow-covered白雪覆盖的，白雪覆盖的，hand-made手工的手工的（9）数词 + 名词 + ed four-storeyed 4层楼的，three-legged 3条腿的（10）数词）数词 + 名词（名词用单数）名词（名词用单数）ten-year 10年的年的,two-man两人两人的的（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的

13、结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如： This building looks not so (as) high as that one. Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you . This room is three times as large as that one. Generally speaking ,teaching is as much an art as it is a science. 1.Matt is now getting on very well with hi

14、s new job and he earns _ he did last year. A . twice as much as B. as twice much as C. twice as many as D. as twice many as 2.Christmas in the west is _ as the Spring Festival in China. A. so important a festival B. as important a festival C. so an important festival D. as an important festival 3.My

15、 uncles house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours ,but it is twice _ expensive. A. as B. so C. too D. verybut it is twice as expensive as our (our house) （6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。 Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons. She could earn as much as ten dollars a week.

16、as many as + 可数名词数量 多达 I have as a many as sixteen referrence books. as early as早在 As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. 1.I like to keep fit , so I go swimming _ I can . A. as soon as B. as fast as C. as often as D. as far as 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语a

17、s far as远到；就远到；就而知（论）；而知（论）；as long as 有有之久，只有；之久，只有；as well as 与与一样好，一样好，既既又；又；as good as (very nearly )几乎一样，几乎一样，简直。简直。 We might go as far as (走到)the church and back. As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. may (might, could)as well不妨、不如不妨、不如 Then you might as well stay with us here. 比较级和

18、最高级的构成。 掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。 （3）比较级的用法。 对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构 表示。如： This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one.B 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、

19、by far等修饰等修饰。如： He works even harder than before. She is much better than she was yesterday Please come a little earlier tomorrow. 注意：very和quite都不能修饰比较级，但是只有一个例外，即表示身体健康时可以说 quite better After two years research ,we now have a _ better understanding of the disease .A .very B. far C. fairly D. quite

20、另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：。如： He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语比较级（主语 + 谓语），谓语），the + 比较级（主语比较级（主语 + 谓语）谓语）”的结构（意为的结构（意为“越越越越”）。）。如如

21、The harder he works, the happier he feels. 翻译：越多越好翻译：越多越好 the+ 比较级比较级+of the two +名词，表示名词，表示“两个两个中较中较的。如：的。如： He is the taller of the two boys . 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。 He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry. The bo

22、ok on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. (4)貌似比较级的一些习惯用法 more than不只是；很；更多 no more than 仅 仅（only) There s room for three cars. not more than 不超过，不多于 less than 更少 ；一点也不（not at all ) no less than 多达，不少于（强调多） better than

23、no better than 同(几乎）一样；和 一样坏 not better than rather than 而不是 other than 除 外（except）；不（not) (4)最高级的用法。 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如： Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three. He works(the)hardest in his class. 最高级可被序数词以及最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not qu

24、ite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰等词语所修饰。如： This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat cost? (5)形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。冠词。 形容词最高级

25、前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示较，表示“非常非常”。如：。如： He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very) The film is most interesting.(most=very) 表示两者间表示两者间“较较的一个的一个”比较级前加比较级前加the。如：。如： who is the older of the tow boys? 在在“the + 比较级比较级，the + 比较级比较级”结构中。结构中。 在在same前一般要加前一般要加the。 有些形容词前加有些形容词前

26、加the 成为名词。如成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。等。 几组重要的词语辨析。 very 和much的区别。（A）可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。(B)表示状态的过去分词前用very。a very frightened boy, a very tired child, a very complicated problem, 一般的情况下，以-ing、-ed结尾的分词多用much、very much / greatly等修饰。如：We were greatly shocked by the news about Tom. I was much amused

27、 by Jacks attitude。(C)已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting / worrying / exicting。（ D）too前用much或far,不用very。 You are much / far / a lot too nice. 另外，在too many / much, too few / little前用far。 Theres far too little opportunity for adventue these days. Weve got far too many eggs and far too few egg cups.

28、 （E）关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：（a）修饰绝对意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite completely、well、entirely。如：quite wrong (mistaken, sure)、completely dead、quite impossible、quite perfect等。 （b）修饰以a-开头的形容词，多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid。 (c)修饰一些特殊形容词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the s

29、ame, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold / frightening。 so that 与such that 的区别。 so + 形容词形容词 / 副词副词 + that so + 形容词形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词名词 + that such + a (n)+ 形容词形容词+单数可数名词单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词形容词 + 不可数名词不可数名词 + that such + 形容词形容词 + 复数名词复数名

30、词 + that SO 副词；SUCH 形容词C 1.I havent seen Ann for _ long that Ive forgotton what he looks like. A. such B. very C. so D. too 2. As I know ,there is _ car in this neighborhood . A. no such B. no a C. not such D. no such a 3. It is not surprising that _ little worms eat _ little grain.4. Can you believ

31、e that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people ? Asuchsososuch (C)fairly ,quite ,rather ,very, pretty ：fairly quite rather/ pretty very fairly语义最轻，通常译为语义最轻，通常译为”还算，比方说某部电影还算，比方说某部电影fairly good 指的是勉强说得过去，只是没有否定。指的是勉强说得过去，只是没有否定。 rather/pretty 两者可以与贬义或褒义的形容词连用，两者可以与贬义或褒义的形容词连用，与贬义词连用时，表

32、示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。与贬义词连用时，表示一种不赞成或不满意的心情。rather poor work 相当差的工作。相当差的工作。 这几个词中只有这几个词中只有rather 可以与比较级及可以与比较级及too（太）连（太）连用。（用。（quite 只限于只限于quite better）. quite 和和rather 可以直接修饰动词，其他几个词不可可以直接修饰动词，其他几个词不可以，如：以，如：I quite agree with you .。 rather ,quite 与与“冠词冠词+形容词形容词+名词名词”连用时通常置连用时通常置于冠词前，有也可以冠词后。但是，于冠词前，有也可以

33、冠词后。但是，very ,fairly时则时则只能放于冠词后面。只能放于冠词后面。C 1. It was a nice house ,but _ too small for a family of five . A. rarely B. fairly C. rather D. pretty 2. Its _ unusual for me to get angry ,but I was _ shocked by his attitude . A . completely ; fairly B. fairly ;quite C. completely ; quite D. quite ; fairlyB