2022年年考研英语二真题汇总+阅读中文翻译 .pdf

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1、2013：Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments a

2、re made electronically. _1_, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been _2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “ would soon revolutionize the

3、very _3_ of money itself,” only to _4_ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so _5_ in coming? Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work _6_ the disappearance of the paper syst

4、em. First, it is very _7_ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the _8_ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they _9_ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to _10_. Third, the use of paper chec

5、ks gives consumers several days of float-it takes several days _11_ a check is cashed and funds are _12_ from the issuers account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. _13_ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consume

6、r. Fourth, electronic means of payment _14_ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information _15_ there. Because this is not an _16_ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access ban

7、k accounts in electronic payments systems and _17_ funds by moving them from someone else s accounts into their own. The _18_ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to _19_ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means

8、of payment leaves an electronic _20_ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy. 1. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise 2. A off B back C o

9、ver D around 3. A power B concept C history D role 4. A reward B resist C resume D reverse 5. A silent B sudden C slow D steady 6. A for B against Cwith D on 7. A imaginative B expensive C sensitive D productive 8. A similar B original C temporary D dominant 9. A collect B provide C copy D print 10.

10、 A give up B take over C bring back D pass down 11. A before B after C since D when 12. A kept B borrowed C released D withdrawn 13. A Unless B Until C Because D Though 14. A hide B express C raise Dease 15. A analyzed B shared C stored D displayed 16. A unsafe B unnatural C uncommon D unclear 名师资料总

11、结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 17. A steal B choose C benefit D return 18. A consideration B prevention C manipulation D justi.fication 19. A cope with B fight against C adapt to D call for 20. A chunk B chip C path D trail Par

12、t A Text 1 In an essay entitled “ Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from

13、the machines.” Davidson s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revoluti

14、on, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average li.festyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just wont earn you what it used to. It can t when so many more

15、employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Y

16、es, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing job

17、s-about 6 million in total -disappeared. There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves a

18、bove average. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education. 21. The joke in

19、 Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_ A the impact of technological advances B the alleviation of job pressure C the shrinkage of textile mills D the decline of middle-class incomes 22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to_ A work on cheap software B ask for a moderate sal

20、ary C adopt an average li.festyle D contribute something unique 23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that _ A gains of technology have been erased B job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 11 页 - -

21、- - - - - - - C factories are making much less money than before D new jobs and services have been offered 24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_ A to accelerate the I.T. revolution B to ensure more education for people C ro advance economic globalization D to pa

22、ss more bills in the 21st century 25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text? A New Law Takes Effect B Technology Goes Cheap C Average Is Over D Recession Is Bad Text 2 A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with

23、 the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickn

24、ame, “ uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage. Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We d

25、ont need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges

26、. Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them

27、, They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another. With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever

28、. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up

29、the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system. 26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who_ A immigrate across the Atlantic. B leave their home countries f

30、or good. C stay in a foregin temporaily. D find permanent jobs overseas. 27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US_ A needs new immigrant categories. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - B ha

31、s loosened control over immigrants. C should be adopted to meet challenges. D has been fixeed via political means. 28 According to the author, today s birds of passage want_ A fiancial incentives. B a global recognition. C opportunities to get regular jobs. D the freedom to stay and leave. 29 The au

32、thor suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated _ A as faithful partners. B with economic favors. C with legal tolerance. D as mighty rivals. 30 which of the best title for the passage? A come and go: big mistake. B living and thriving : great risk. C with or without : great risk. D

33、legal or illegal: big mistake Text 3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, i.f we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can be important defen

34、se mechanisms; i.f we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It

35、 takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli arent exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes u

36、s to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long. Yet we can r

37、everse such influences. i.f we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. i.f we know female job screeners are more likely to reject att

38、ractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “ thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants

39、 to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what di.fferentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a

40、 few minutes. But historically 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn t changed our nature. We st

41、ill have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. 31. The time needed in making decisions may_. A vary according to the urgency of the situation B prove the complexity of our brain reaction C depend on the importance of the assessment D predetermine the acc

42、uracy of our judgment 32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions_. A can be associative B are not unconscious C can be dangerous D are not impulsive 33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should_. A trust our first impression B do as people usually do C think

43、before we act D ask for expert advice 34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on_. A critical assessment B thin sliced study C sensible explanation D adequate information 35. The author s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is_. A tolerant B uncertain C optimistic D do

44、ubtful Text4 Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of pos

45、itions on Europe corporate boards. The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntar

46、y action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up. Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and fami

47、ly? “ Personally, I don t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do. ” Quotas get action: they “ open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing wo

48、men in top business positions. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - I understand Reding s reluctance-and her frustration. I dont like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. But, w

49、hen one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as i.f a fairer world must be temporarily ordered. After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position no m

50、atter how much “ soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power-as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. i.f appropriate pubic policies were in pla