2022年届高三语法专项复习：谓语动词的时态语态 .pdf

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1、谓语动词时态语态1 谓语动词的时态&语态时态 ：动作发生的时间及其当时的状态的对应叫时态。动作发生的时间不同， 其状态形式就不同。时态构成 （以 do 为例）基本用法常见的时间搭配1.一般现在时do/ does 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作；客观事实或普遍真理；现在或现阶段的情况或状态等。The bus leaves at 5 oclock.sometimes, often, always, at, on Sunday, every +2.一般过去时did 表 示 过 去的 动 作 或 状态、 过去习惯性的动作；在时间或条件状语从句中表过去等。He usually went to school

2、 by bike when he was a student.yesterday (morning/ afternoon/ evening), last week/ year/ week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 3.一般将来时will do 表示将来发生的动作或状态。I will ask him for help.tomorrow(morning/ afternoon/ evening), next Friday, in two weeks 4.过去将来时would do 常用于宾语从句或间接引语中；从过去的观点看将要发生的

3、动作或存在的状态等。They asked the boss if they would carry out the plan soon.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doing 表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事等。I am doing my homework now.now 6.过去进行时was/ were + doing 表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作；按计划过去某时刻要发生的动作等。I was shopping with my family.At 8 o clock yesterday, from 9 to 10 la

4、st evening, be doingwhen7.现在完成时has/ have done 表示过去发生的动作对现 在 造 成的 影 响 或 结果；过去已经开始并持续 到 现 在的 动 作 或 状For, since, so far, ever, never, yet, up to now, in the past years, recently名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态2 态。I have

5、 made much progress in math in the last three months.8.过去完成时had done 表示在过去某个动作或时间前就已经发生或完成的动作，即指“过去的过去”。I had finished the task before you called me.before/ by+过去的时间 /动作【注】1.动词第三人称单数的构成规则：一般直接加-s，例 want-wants ；s,x,ch,sh,o 结尾，加-es，例 teach-teaches；辅音字母 +y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 -es，例 study-studies。2.现在分词的构成规则：

6、一般直接加-ing，例 study-studying ；以不发音字母e 结尾，去 e 加-ing，例 live-living ；辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾，且为重读音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ing，例 begin-beginning ；以 -ie 结尾的词，变ie 为 y，再加 -ing，例 die-dying 。3.动词的过去式和过去分词的构成规则：一般直接加-ed，例 want-wanted ；以 e 结尾只加 -d，例 live-lived；辅音字母 +y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 -ed，例 study-studied ；辅音字母 +元音字母+辅音字母结尾，且为重读

7、音节时，需双写最后的辅音字母再加-ed，例stop-stopped ；不规则动词另记。语态 ：在表示主动关系时（即主语为动作的执行者时），谓语的形式称为 主动语态；不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，或者需要突出或强调动作的承受者时，就用 被动语态 。时态谓语动词的形式（以do 为例）主动被动1.一般现在时do/ does is/ am/ are + done 2.一般过去时did was/ were + done 3.一般将来时will do will be + done 4.过去将来时would do would be done 5.现在进行时is/ am/ are + doing is

8、/ am/ are + being done 6.过去进行时was/ were + doing was/ were + being done 7.现在完成时has/ have done has/ have been done 8.过去完成时had done had been done 【做题方法】1）辨明主动被动；2）找时间状语；3）找已有谓语动词时态；4）注意一些特定句式的时态要求。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - -

9、- 谓语动词时态语态3 【基础练】1. Light (travel) faster than sound. 2. Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he (be) too busy. 3. The work (finish) in ten days. 4. He told me he (arrive) on Monday morning, but he never appeared. 5. Look! They (play) basketball on the playground. 6. I first met Tom ten years ago

10、. He (work) in a TV factory at that time. 7. Many bridges (build) over the river since 1949. 8. When I got there, I was told that he (go) to Shanghai. By the end of last year, we (learn) at least 3,000 English words. 【提升练】20182012年高考题（改编）单句语法填空 / 单句改错1. （2018 全国一， 64）While running regularly cant mak

11、e you live forever, the review says it _(be) more effective at lengthening life2. （2018全国一卷，短文改错）During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. 3. （2018全国二卷 , 61）Since 2011, the country _ （grow）more corn than rice. 4. （2018全国二

12、卷 , 68）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government _ (start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers- and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 5. （2018全国二卷 , 短文改错） I didn t realize how right my parents are unt

13、il I entered high school. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态4 6. （2018全国三卷， 69）when the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to gorillas unaggressive nature, the huge animal _(

14、mean) me no real harm. 7. （2018全国三卷 , 短文改错） It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 8. （2018全国三卷 , 短文改错）At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.”9. （2017全国一卷，64）

15、When fat and salt _(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 10. （2017全国一卷， 67）Fast food _ (be) full of fat and salt. 11. （2017全国一卷 , 短文改错） Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, but once I started the car, my goes blank.12. （2017全国二卷， 6

16、5）Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success13. （2017全国二卷，68）Later, engineers _(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became

17、known as the Tube. 14. （2017 全国二卷 , 短文改错） When the summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables! 15. （2017全国三卷， 63）Sarah _ (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. 16. （2017全国三卷， 69）But at the moment, school _(come) fi

18、rst. 17. （2017全国三卷 , 短文改错） I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 18. （2017全国三卷 , 短文改错）（改两处错误） About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - -

19、- - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态5 19. (2016 全国， 62)I_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600acre centre. 20. (2016 全国，短文改错 )Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. 21. (2016 全 国 ， 43)Leav

20、ing the less important things until tomorrow _(be) often acceptable. 22. (2016 全 国 ， 42)Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might _(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters. 23. (2016 全国，49)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and _(be) too vi

21、olent for use at the table. 24. (2015 全国，61)It was raining lightly when I_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. 25. (2015 全国， 67)Yangshuo_(be) really beautiful. 26. (2015 全国，短文改错 )I think I would be happy there. 27. (2015 全国，短文改错 )Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already beco

22、me a very serious problem. 28. (2015 全国，短文改错 )We must found ways to protect our environment. 29. (2015 全国， 68)This cycle_(go) day after day. 30. (2015 全国，短文改错 )Tony was scared and begun to cry. 31. (2015 全国，短文改错 )A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. 32. (2014 全国大纲， 22)Unles

23、s extra money_(find), the theatre will close. 33. (2014 全国大纲，32)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _(see) them since. 34. (2014 全国大纲，短文改错 )The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other. 35. (2014 全国， 61)It_(be)unimaginable that it could ever

24、 be cleaned up. 36. (2014 全国，短文改错 )Since then for all these years we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态6 37. (2014 全国， 65)A boy on a bike _ (catch) my attentio

25、n.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. 38. (2014 全国，短文改错 )My dream school look like a big garden. 39. (2014 全国，短文改错 )We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. 40. (2013 全国大纲， 27)We_(leave)very early so we packed the night before. 41. (2013 全国大纲，短文改错 )At home m

26、y father often thinks Im silly.He said if I decide to do something, it takes him much time to stop me. 42. (2013 全国， 24)If we_(not act)now to protect the environment, well live to regret it. 43. (2013 全 国 ， 27)When I first met Bryan I didn t like him, but I_(change)my mind. 44. (2013 全国，短文改错 )I was

27、only four when she passes away. 45. (2013 全国，短文改错 )Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles. 46. (2012 全国， 23) “Life is like walking in the snow” ， Granny used to say, “because every step _ (show)”47. (2012 全国， 18)The manager_(tell)the workers how to improve the program since 9

28、 a.m. 48. (2012 全国，短文改错 )Yet it seemed water is becoming less and less. 谓语动词的时态& 语态 答案【基础练】1. travels 2.was 3. will be finished 4.would arrive 5.are playing 6. was working 7.have been built 8. had gone; had learnt 【提升练】20182012年高考题（改编）1. is 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师

29、精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态7 2. find 改为 found 3. has grown 4. started 5. are 改为 were 6. meant 7. begin 改为 begun 8. include 改为 includes 9. are removed 10. is 11. goes 改为 went 12. were used 13. managed 14. came 改为 comes 15. has been told/ was told 16. comes 17. had 改成 hav

30、e 18. （1）took 改成 taken （2）become 改成 became 19. was allowed根据语境及 allow sb to do sth这一固定句式可知，我应该是被允许接近这些可爱的动物。20.using used be used for “ 被用来做 ” ，为固定短语。 21.is考查主谓一致和时态。 本句的主语为动名词短语leaving the less. ，动名词作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实， 故要用 is。22. be made 考查语态。根据句意筷子是被制造的。 23. were考查时态。此处 were是与 would remi

31、nd 并列的谓语动词。 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态8 24. arrived句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。 25. is句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。 26. think thought 句意：我认为在那儿很快乐。 时态用法错误。这里用一般过去时，表示 “ 过去认为 ” 。 27. 去掉 been句意：许多研究表明全球变暖早已成为严重的问

32、题了。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。 28. found find句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态动词 must 后接动词原形。 29. goes根据上下文，此处用一般现在时态。 30.begunbegan 动词形式错误，根据上文可知该句谓语动词应用一般过去式。 31.tellingtold此处 tell 应与前文 saw并列作谓语，故用一般过去时。 32. is found本题考查时态，条件状语从句中用现在时代替将来时，该句是被动语态，故用 is found。 33. has seen 本题考查时态，根据时间状语“ 从那以后 ” ，可知选用现在完成时，

33、表示现在的结果。 34. mean means根据上文中动名词作主语可知谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。 35. was本题考查时态，根据上下文一致原则，应与后文could 一致，故选择一般过去式。 36. hadhave 根据上下文，此处表示迄今为止，故用现在完成时。 37. caught此处考查时态，根据下文中的was 可知该句谓语动词用一般过去时。 38.look looks 时态错误，根据前后时态一致原则，前文用一般现在时，此处主语是第三人称单数形式。 39. sat sit 因为该动作与前文lie 并列在情态动词之后，故用动词原形。 40. were

34、leaving根据语意：我们很早就要出发，所以我们头天晚上就打包了。可知表示过去将来时， leave是位移性动词，用过去进行时表将来。 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 谓语动词时态语态9 41. said say s根据上下文时态一致原则，此处用一般现在时。 42. dont act此处考查动词时态，此句中是假设条件句中，用现在时表将来。句意：如果我们现在不行动来保护环境，我们会后悔的。 43.have chan

35、ged 此句考查时态， 根据上下文此句表示现在已经发生改变了，故用现在完成时。 44. passes passed根据上下文时态一致原则，此处应为一般过去时。 45. drank drunk 此处表被动，应用过去分词。 46. shows根据上下文可知此处表示客观事实，故选用一般现在时。 47. has been telling此处表示从九点钟一直持续并依然在进行的动作，故选用现在完成进行时。 48. seemedseems 因为承接上文应用一般现在时。 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -