2022年中考英语复习动词时态精讲精练.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中考英语复习精讲精练名师归纳总结 英语动词的时态是中考的重点之一,它有八种时态,在这些时态当中,有第 1 页,共 35 页的只要求达到懂得层次, 有的就要求达到娴熟运用层次；至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求达到娴熟运用层次的,而且其考查方式确定不会以某一时态的独立形式显现,而是时态的综合运用,特殊要重视各种时态之间的区分；找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法. 现以冠词为例：1.John was given _ orange bag for his birthday but _ bag was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,t

2、he C.the,a D.an,the 2.Theres _ old tree near _ house. D.the,a A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the 3.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an C.an,the D.a,the B.a,a 4._ good,kind girl she is. A.How B.What a 5._ bad weather.I hope it wont last long. C.What A.How D.How a B.What C.What a D.How a 6._

3、 they are listening to the teacher. A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 由上例题我们可以发觉冠词和感叹句是必考内容；同样,象宾语从句的语序、代词的格、 主谓语一样、 动词和介词的搭配、 近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等, 无一不在考查之列；全部这一切语言基础学问, 我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析,绽开争论,分层展现难易对比,系统归纳；对于语言基础学问是这样处理, 那么对以才能测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢？这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：A poo

4、r farmer had never left his small village.After he1 a lot of money,he decided to spend a holiday in an expensive hotel旅社 in a bigtown.2lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant餐馆of the hotel3 his new clothes.The head waiter服务员 4him to the table,took his order and went a

5、way.When he turned and 5the farmer again,he had a 6.The farmer had tied 系his table cloth round his 7. The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and 8 him that people 9 do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter went tothe farmer and said in a 10 voice声音,Good morning,sir.Would you

6、like a haircut. 1.A.lent B.made C.paid D.gave 2.A.During 3.A.for B.Though B.with C.on C.When D.in D.Because 4.A.wanted B.put C.showed 5.A.looked at D.brought B.watched C.saw D.found 6.A.look B.rest C.table cloth 7.A.arm D.surprise B.neck C.hand D.head 8.A.ask B.tell C.taught D.told 9.A.cant C.sad B.

7、dont D.ter C.wont D.mustnt 10.A.friendly B.tired 要求考生从所给的选项中选出正确答案,使补足后的短文意思通顺, 结构完整；对此,考生必需通篇考虑,不能拿来就做,那样必定顾此失彼,前后意思不得连贯；目前的中考完型仍侧重于语法, 这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断懂得；- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 在解这类题时, 必需把握“ 词感现象” ,留意学会区分 “ 干扰项” ；所谓词感,“ the sense of word是指一种对词或词群的感受才能；对词的感受力强,在解题 时会较为简洁地找到它与情

8、形的关系；词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的微小差异,也并不留意词的搭配与组合, 它较多地强调选用恰当的词, 以利于对情形作出合乎规律的判定； 同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的挑选项排除掉了；最终复读一 篇全文,就会语感流畅,句意明确；名师归纳总结 这儿举例的目的是想说明, 我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型, 特殊是完形、阅读等,进行分析、探讨,借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法；词汇（一）这一讲里,主要帮忙同学们把握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特殊是针对同学不易第 2 页,共 35 页把握的方面；一、名词 关于名词,我们必需把握名词的数,名词的格；单数可用 a、an来修饰可数名词单数, 在元音发音

9、开头的单词前用an,而不是a 1.复数的构成方法： 1一般在复数名词后加 s,如： dog-dogs；2以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es,如： watch-watches；3以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 加 es,如： country-countries；请 区 别 ： 如 果 是 元 音 字 母 加 y 结 尾 的 名 词 , 就 只 须 加 s；如 ：monkey-monkeys；4以 o 结尾的名词,只有potato土豆 ,tomato西红柿 加 es 构成复数；5以 f、fe 结尾的名词,变 f、fe 为 v 再加 es, 如：knife-knives；2.

10、单 复 数 形 式 相 同 的 词 ： sheep-sheep, fish-fish Japanese-Japanese Chinese-Chinese,3.特殊变化的单词有： 1tooth-teeth,foot-feeth 2man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen 请区分： German德国人 Germans 3childchildren 4.常以复数形式显现的名词： people人,clothes衣服 ,trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特殊留意它们的谓语,用复数；如： My

11、 clothes are be newer than yours. 5.有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数；这一点是同学不易把握的,应特殊 加以记忆； 如：news消息 ,maths数学 ,physics物理 No news is good news. 6.可用 how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any 等来修饰可 数名词复数；How many are there in your pencil-box.knife 不行数名词： 1.常见的不行数名词有： water,rice, fish,meat,等；应特殊记 medicine,news

12、,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood. 2.不行数名词无复数,作主语常常看成单数；如：there.be Some bread_over 3.常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any 等来修饰不行数名词；4.常用 a piece of,a cup of等来表示不行数名词的量； 如要表达“ 两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不行数名词, 不加 s,而 piece就可加 s；即：twopiecesof bread 请区分：可数名词也可用量来表示,如：三箱苹果 th

13、ree boxes of apples 例： 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.be 2、Could I have three _,please？A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads 名词的格 名词全部格的构成方法,在名词后加“为“ 的” ,如遇上以 s 结尾的复数名词, 就在 s 后加“s”；如： TomToms译 ” 即可；如：TeachersDay , twoweeksholiday,而不以s 结尾的复数名词的全部格,仍按惯例加s ；如：

14、Childrens Day - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 关于名词全部格,应把握以下几点：1.可用名词全部格表示地点；如：my aunts 我姑姑家； go to the doctors 去医生家；2.表示两人共同拥有,在最终一个名词后加 s 如： Lucy and Lilys 露西和莉莉的3.把握词组： a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩 a friend of mine 我的一个伴侣eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A 、 Kate,my B.Kates,mine C.Kate,mine

15、D.Kates,my 二、冠词冠词是词汇中的基础的, 也是简洁的部分,所以同学们有必要把握其基本用法,归纳起来,同学们应当把握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词 a,an和定冠词 the 2.不定冠词 an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如：an hour,an English car. 请区分：a useful machine 3.指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词 the 4.在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the.如： the sun,the moon,the earth 5.定冠词 the 用于序数词前, 表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前；如：the first,the best ,in the so

16、uth 6.在复数姓氏前加 the,表示 一家人,常看成复数；如： The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 7.在介词短语中常用定冠词 the,如： in the box ,behind the chair 8.特殊留意不能用定冠词 the 的几个方面：1在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词；如：in summer,in August 请区分： in the spring of 1945. 这里表示特指,故加 the 2一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词；如： have breakfast ,play footba

17、ll 3一些固定词组中,如： go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night. 9.在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请留意区分：in front of 在 前面 in the hospital 在医院里in the front of 在 范畴内的前部 in hospital 生病住院练习 :Theres _800-metre-long road behind _hospital. A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the 三、数词同学们第一应会读会写全部基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法；对数词的考查,中考常采纳单项题及

18、听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应把握以下几点特殊简洁出错的地方；1.基数词变序数词；其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记,加 th 从 4 起 first,second,third,fourth 8 少 t,9 去 e,千万别遗忘 eighth,ninth 逢 5 逢 12,ve 变 f fifth,twelfth 20 到 90, y 要变 ie twentieth,ninetieth 如是几十几,前基后序别倒位ninety-first 2.hundred,thousand,million 在 构成具 体 的数字 时用单数形 式；如： five hundred people. 只有在表达笼统的多数时才加

19、 s,构成复数形式；hundreds of 数以百计的,成百上千的 thousands of 数以千计的,成千上万的millions of 数百万的 这些词组前不能用详细数字；3.序数词常与定冠词 the 连用；练习 :Henry has learned eight _ French words this year. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of The _lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. twenty 另外,同学们仍应把握与数词有关的钟点表达法；名师归纳总结 - - -

20、 - - - -第 3 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 顺读法 钟点分钟 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five 4:15 four fifteen 倒读法 分钟 topast钟点 如：4:30 half past four 4:15 fifteen past foura quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five a quarter to five 练习题 : 1.At the beginning of the_twenty century,the worlds population

21、was about 1700 million. 2.Are these_watchyours. Yes. 3.You dont look well.Youd better go to the_doctor at once. 4.Would you give me_,please. A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5.There are three_and seven_in the picture. A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.m

22、onkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6.A lot of_are talking with two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German, Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7.June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day 8._people went out to see what had happened. A.Thousands of B.Three

23、thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands 9.We have been in the school for_. A.three and a half month B.three and a half months C.three month and a half D.three months and half 10._English is_ useful language. A.A, an B./, a C.The, an D. A, / 11.John was given _ orange bag for his birthday but _ ba

24、g was lost just now. A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the 12.Theres _ old tree near _ house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a 13.There is _ 800-metre-long road behind _ hospital.A.an,an 名师归纳总结 B.a,a C.an,the D.a,the 第 4 页,共 35 页四. 代词人称代词 : 主格: 单数 I 、you 、he 、she 、it 复数 we 、you 、they 宾格: 单数 me 、you 、him 、h

25、er 、it 复数 us 、you 、them 物主代词 : 形容词性 my 、your 、his 、her 、its 、our 、your 、their 名词性 mine 、yours 、his 、hers 、its 、ours 、yours 、theirs 反身代词 : myself 、 yourself 、 himself 、herself 、 itself 、 ourselves 、yourselves 、themselves 1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在 句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词；2.留意名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系 ,

26、是单数仍是复数；如： These books arent ours. Ours are new. 这里 ours=our books This is not our room. 3.of+名词性物主代词 表示所属Ours is over there. 这里 ours=our room 如： a sister of his 他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一个伴侣- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 4.人称代词在并列使用时的次序为： “ 其次人称,第三人称,第一人称”；如： You, she and I all enjoy the mu

27、sic. 5.关于反身代词,同学们须把握其固定结构：enjoy oneself=have a good time 过得很开心 by oneself=alone 单独、独自 help oneself to任凭吃 /喝 些. learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth. 自学 练习题1.-Whose trousers are these. -_, I think. A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them 2. Nobody taught_English. He taught_. A.him, himself B.his, himself

28、C.him, by himself D.his, his （二）修饰可数名词 many few 表否定意义 a few 表确定意义修饰不数名词 much little 表否定意义 a little 表确定意义 few 和 little 与quite 或 only 连用时,常加不定冠词 a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.= 用 little, a little, few, a few 填空 : 1.I often stay at home because I have _ friends here. 2.Jim,dont go

29、and get some water. There is _ water in the glass. 3.Though he learned French only _ weeks. He can speak very well. 4.Lily had _ bread because she was hungry yesterday. （三）不定代词 : something, anything, nothing. 当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时,常后置；如：something new Theres _ in todays newspaper. 中考题A.important anything B.

30、important something C.anything important D.something important 四另外,仍要留意代词 some, every, all, both, either, another 1.some（一些,某）一般用于确定句中 注： some 有时也可用于表示恳求的疑问句中；any（任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Will you give me some water. Would you like some meat. May I ask some questions. Could I have some apples. 2.every单数名词“ 每一个

31、”强调共性,作定语 ,形式上为单数；each “ 每一个”强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与 of 连用；如: Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt. Every child likes playing games. 3.all “ 全部都”表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系、助动词之后,行为动词之前；none “ 没有” 表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词 of 如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada. Non

32、e of us is/are afraid of dogs.（单、复数均可）4.both “ （两者）都”,作主语时,看作复数；作定语时,后跟名词复数；either “ 两者中任何一个”,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数 ;作定语时,后跟名词单数；neither “ 两者都不”,含有否定意义,用法同 either；如： They both swim well. Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Nei

33、ther of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither answer is right. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. another +单数名词 , “ 另一个”one the other “ 一个 ,另一个 ”the other +复数名词 = the others “ 其他的人或物”（指确定范畴内剩下的全部）others “ 别人”五疑问代词 5 个“wh” , 即 who, whose, whom, what, which 这里,which 是同学们不易

34、把握的内容,其实,同学们只须记住,对作定语的内容提问,常用 which. 例如 : I like the red shirt. _ _ do you like . 练习 : 一、依据所给单词的适当形式填空,使句意通顺,语法完整6Can you come with us .wemine .I 7These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.she8Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.you9I dont think this is my frisby, though it looks like

35、 10Look at those books. Are they yours.that 11Is there anything interesting in the newspaper. 12She asked us to help each other. 13The old man can neither read nor write. 14Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 15Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.16、A: The children played happily

36、 in the zoo yesterday.B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo yesterday. 17、A: He doesnt like mutton, and she doesnt, either.B: Neither he nor she likes mutton. 18、A: All the American people dont like sandwiches.B: Not all the American people like sandwiches. 19、A: They dont often hear the twi

37、ns sing the song in the school.B: Neither of the twins is often heard to sing the song in the school.ZK C20 、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter.-Yes, but only .A. little B. few C. a little D. a few A21 、-Do you like Janes new skirt.-Yes, very much. Ill ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a

38、 B22 、The color of her skirt is different from of mine.A. one B. that C. it D. this B23 、Students are usually interested like swimming. like ball games.in sports. Some like running, some 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 35 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. the others B. others C. the other D. other A24 、-Ill

39、give the boys to eat.-Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. something English B. English somethingC. anything English D. English anything D25 、-Shall I help you with the heavy box.-No, thanks, I can do it .A. me B. my C. mine D. myself D26 、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00.-I dont mind.

40、time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either C27 、-My bag is full, what about .- is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She D28 、-Ive had enough bread, Would you like .-No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more A29 、There are many trees on sides of th

41、e river.A. both B. either C. neither D. each A1 、He has two bikes, one is new, is old. A. the other B. other C. the others D. others C2 、Without the sun, could grow in the world. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything B3 、 of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All

42、 B. Neither C. Some D. Both B4 、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like. -Look. This is a picture of . A. it B. one C. two D. some B5 、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want 名师归纳总结 to.第 7 页,共 35 页A. few B. a few C. a little D. little 二、形容词 副词大多数的形容词、 副词都有三个等级：原级：比较级： 比较.,更.一些最高

43、级： 最. （A）1.构成： 规章情形 情形 变 化 方 法 例 词单音节词和少数双音节词 : 一般情形 加 er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母 e结尾 加 r, st nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加 er, est big-bigger-biggest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为 i 加 er, est early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词在词前加 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2.不规章变化,须熟记：far-farther-farthest good/well-better-best many/much-more-most bad/badly/ill-worse-worst B常见的使用情形little-less-least 1.as as 和.一样（中间用原级）- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.not