2022年初一英语语法.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载现在完成时中 “ since ”和“ for ”的区分1) since +过去一个时间点 past six);(如详细的年、 月、日期、 钟点、 1980, last month, half I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间 + ago I have been here since five months ago. 3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time ha
2、s elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is + 一段时间 + since 从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for 用来说明动作连续时间长度;I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have
3、been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时;留意:并非有I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作;)I have worked here for many years. (现在
4、我仍在这里工作;)小窍门:当现在完成时+一段时间,这一结构中,我们用下面的公式转化,很简洁就能排除非连续动词在完成时中的误使;1)(对)Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错)Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago , and is still getting married
5、 now. 明显,其次句不对, 它应改为Harry got married six years ago.或 Harry has been married for six years. 声音: sound,noise 与 voice 的区分sound 表示听起来像 和 like 连用,如:Its sounds like a bird. 听起来像鸟在叫;voice 表示嗓音,说他的嗓音很动听,用 his voice was good. noise 是杂音,响动的意思;如:我听到有动静;I heard a noise . 这是一组与 “ 声音 ” 有关的名词,在使用上有区分;sound 泛指 自然界
6、各种各样的声音,不论其高低、是否动听等;如: I heard the sound of running water. 我听见流水声;Light travels faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快;名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 43 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载noise 表示 “噪音、热闹 ” ,指的是人们不愿听到的声音或嘈杂声;它可以作可数名词,也可以用作不行数名词;如:I heard some strange noises last night. 昨夜我听见一些古怪的响声;Theres a lot of
7、 noise here. 这个地方人声嘈杂;voice 用于人时,指说话、唱歌或发笑的声音,也可指发言权;用于其它方面时,常含动听之声,如鸟鸣声,乐器声音等;如:Please speak in a louder voice. 请大声说;说: tell ,speak, say,talk 的区分tell 意为 “告知、 表达 ” ,指某人把某一件事、一条信息传送给别人或表达一件事;tell sb sth 意为 “ 告知某人某事 ”; tell sb to do sth 意为 “告知某人去做某事”;speak 意为 “ 说话、 讲话 ” ,后面主要接语言; speak to 意为 “ 和.讲话、 谈
8、话 ”; speak of 意为 “提到、说起 ”; speak to sb about sth talk 意为 “ 谈话、讲话 ” ,假如只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用 talk to ;假如双方或多方交谈,多用 with ;talk about 意为 “ 谈论 .; have a talk with 意为 “ 与.交谈 ”;say 意为 “ 说”; say sth to sb 意为 “ 对.说”; It is said that. 意为 “ 据说 ” ; 第一是 say:之后要有说的内容,如 He said nothing. say一般作及物动词用,着重说话的内容,它的宾语可以是名词,代词
9、或宾语从句;eg: He can say his name. 他会说他的名字;Please say it in English. 请用英语用;Shes saying ,Dont draw on the wall. 她在说 “ 别在墙上画 ”; speak 强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容 作不及物动词时,常见的搭配形式有:;作及物动词时,常以某种语言作宾语;speak of something/somebody 谈到某事(某人)speak to sb 跟某 人讲话,此外 speak仍可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说;Can you speak Japanese. 你会说日语吗?She is
10、speaking to her teacher. 她正在跟她的老师说话;He spoke at the meeting yesterday. 他昨天在会上讲了话; talk 一般为不及物动词,意思是“ 交谈,谈话,着重强调两具之间的相互说话;eg: She is talking with Lucy in English. 她正在和露茜用英语交谈;What are you talking about. 你们在谈论什么?The teacher is talking to him. 老师正在和他谈话; tell 常作及物动词,意为“ 表达,告知,动词常跟双宾语;tell sb sthtell sth
11、 to sb 告知某人某事;eg: He is telling the children a story. 他正在给孩子们讲一个故事;Did you tell her the news. Did you tell the news to her. 你把这个消息告知她了吗?used to 与 be used to (1)used to + do:过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在;Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. (过去常常漫步)名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 4
12、3 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载(2)be used to + doing : 对 已感到习惯,或 词;He is used to a vegetarian diet. 习惯于 ,to 是介词,后需加名词或动名Scarf is used to taking a walk. (现在习惯于漫步)将要: be to 和 be going to be to 表示客观支配或受人指示而做某事;be going to 表示主观的准备或方案;I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观支配)Im going to play
13、 football tomorrow afternoon. (主观支配)twice 、 two times 关于 A runs twice faster than B 这个的翻译,现在都仍存在争议;有的人认为是 A 的速度是 B 的 2 倍,有人认为是A 比 B 快 2 倍 =A 是 B 的 3 倍;“A + be + 倍数 + as + 计量形容词原级+ as + B;表示 A 是 B 的 N 倍;1.This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高;2.His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲
14、的年纪有他两倍大;两倍用 twice ,不用 two times. 留意:两倍一般都用 twice, 不用 two times 例如:This tree is twice higher than that one. =This tree is twice as high as that one. =This tree is twice the height of that one. 倍数 +比较级 + than .= 倍数 + as + 形容词原形 +as .= 倍数 +the +形容词所对应的名 词 + of . other、 another、others、 the other (1)oth
15、er 后既可接可数名词复数形式又可接不行数名词,如:可数,other pencils 其 它的铅笔, other students 其他的同学; 不行数 other tea 别的 /其它的茶, other information 别的/其它消息;any other 其他一切的什么 (2)the other 定指其它的 ,其后可接可数名词和单数,如:the other book 另外的一本书,the other map 另一张地图,其后也可跟可数名词的复数形式,如:the other flowers 其他的花朵, the other teachers 其它的老师们,仍可以接不行数名词,如: th
16、e other water 剩下的水, the other beer 别的啤酒other 表 “另外的 ”接复数名词, 如与详细数词连用,就置于数词之后, 如:two other boys;但与定冠词the 连用时, other 要放在数词前;如:the other two boys Tony is going camping with _C_boys next Sunday 托尼将于下周日与另外两个男孩一起 去野营;Alittle two other B two little other Ctwo other little D little other two Mr Smith asked
17、me to fetch three other recorders 史密斯先生让我再拿三台录音机来;(3)others 其用法相当于复数名词,此词不能用作定语,表示的意思是 “ 不详细的某些东西 ”,如:名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 43 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载This chemical is poisonous . Others are poisonous , too . ( others = other chemicals )但是假如 others 前用了 the ,就表示详细的别的东西;如:I don t want
18、 these books . Please give me the others .( the others = the other books (4)another,作形容词时, 是指在原有的基础上再加一(些) ,表示 “再一(些)” 或“ 另外一个(些) ” 的意思;another 仍可作代词,意思与作形容词时一样;another+数词 =数词 +more eg:another one = one more I want another apple I want one more apple 习惯用法: one another from one to another the other d
19、ay = a few days ago every other day/ week/year some , others如: I met Mr. Smith in the park the other day. Smith 先生;前几天我在公园里碰见了While at the university , he went to the library every other day. 在高校时他每隔一天去图书馆一次;Some people like football , others like volleyball. 有些人宠爱足球,有些人宠爱排球;They are very different
20、from one another. 他们相互之间差别很大;When Americans moved from one place to another , they took their dialects with them. 当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时,花费: pay、spend、cost、take Sb pay some money for sth.(人做主语,结构是 pay .for) Sb spent some money on sth 或 sb spend some money (in) doing sth (人做主语,结构为 spend on/spend in dong)
21、Sth cost sb some money.(物做主语)It takes sb some time/money to do sth (形式主语 it )Eg:我花了五元钱买这本书 .(留意时态用过去时)I paid five yuan for the book. The book cost me five yuan. I spent fiveyuan on the book=I spent five yuan (in ) buying the book. It took me five yuan to buy the book cross、across、crossing、 through、o
22、ver cross是动词 across是介词 crossing 是名词 across 指在物体的表面穿过 through 指在物体的空间穿过 over 指崇山峻岭上穿过名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 43 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载在 前面: in front of 、in the front of in front of 没有范畴限制,在整体外部的前面 in the front of 有肯定的范畴限制,在整体内部的前面 Eg:He sat in the front of the bus. (The bus 形成肯定的范畴)H
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