2022年2022年垃圾转运站污水回用处理工艺设计 .pdf

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1、垃圾转运站污水回用处理工艺设计李 颖(北京建筑工程学院,北京100044)摘要 垃圾转运站污水回用处理采用了膜-生物反应器处理工艺,它具有高效 、 稳定 、 工艺流程简单、 设备占地面积小和投资少等优点,且处理后出水可用于自身站内所需,即冲车 、 喷洒道路 、 冲厕 、 绿化 、 冲刷车间地面等多种用途,实现了污水处理后再利用的目的。关键词 垃圾转运站污水回用处理 膜-生物反应器1 引言城市垃圾由城市垃圾收集车收集后运至垃圾转运站 ,在城市垃圾转运站垃圾经预压缩后由垃圾转运车运到垃圾填埋厂后进行垃圾的卫生填埋处理。这些垃圾转运站的建立大大减缓了我国城市垃圾的运输量 ,使城市垃圾得到有效的处理。

2、但与此同时垃圾转运站在运转过程中产生了大量的污水,造成了二次污染 ,该污水必须加以综合治理。针对垃圾转运站在每天的运转过程中需消耗大量的自来水用于冲刷车辆、 喷洒道路 、 绿化和冲刷车间地面等用途,因此该污水的处理设施应考虑采用回用处理技术,这样既节约了水资源 ,又减少了排污费用,是非常切合实际的处理方法 。2 垃圾转运站污水的水量和水质垃圾转运站的污水排放量为50 m3 d。一般排放的污水由:洗车水 、 挤压水 、 修车水 、 洗澡水 、 食堂污水、 生活污水 、 宿舍杂排水和其它冲洗水等组成,其水质见附表 。附表 垃圾转运站排放污水水质项目CODCrmg?L- 1SSmg?L- 1pH浊度

3、 度备注洗车水10020040050067400500沉淀后挤压水4000060000运出转运站修车水5006002004006710001 500未隔油洗澡水10020050150 61571550100食堂污水10020050150 61571550150未过滤、 隔油生活污水1503005010069400600宿舍杂排水200300205061571550100平均200300100150671002003 污水处理工艺流程在对垃圾转运站污水的水量和水质调查研究的基础上 ,认为垃圾转运站污水回用处理的水源应采用除挤压水以外的所有排污水,这样可达到转运站污水的零排放 。众观污水的水质水量

4、情况,考虑采用以膜- 生物处理法为主的回用处理工艺,其工艺流程见图 1。图1 污水处理工艺流程挤压水是由垃圾在压装机车间压缩垃圾时挤压出的污水 ,其组成成分复杂,CODCr在 46 万 mg L ,除雨季外其含量极少,故决定将其先集中储存,再定期集中运至填埋厂随垃圾渗滤液一起处理。4 主要处理工艺的介绍本工艺是针对每天处理1 500 t 垃圾的垃圾转运站的污水回用处理而设计的。洗车污水 垃圾转运站的转运车每天在运输完垃圾后将进行冲洗,一般转运站冲洗转运车的时间为每天 23 h ,污水中常含有大量的泥土、 砂粒和垃圾残渣等杂物,为防止这些杂物在管道中积泥和堵塞管道 ,故将洗车污水由洗车平台汇入1

5、2 m 1 m 118 m(长 宽 深) 的平流沉砂池中,该平流沉砂池可同时满足6 辆垃圾转运车同时进行清洗。修车污水 修车车间是转运站最主要的工作车12环 境 工 程2002年6月第20卷第3期名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - 间之一 。每天修车时会用到许多机油,修车的含油废水是修车车间最主要的废水。其它还有洗手用水等杂排水 。修车车间每日所排出的污水只有1 t 左右 ,但这部分污水中含油量很高,故在其排入总污水

6、口前将其先进行隔油处理。除油设备设在修车车间内,这要求隔油设备的工艺不应复杂,占地不应过大。设计的除油设备由一个集水池和一个集油池组成。集水池的容积为 1 m 1 m 1 m。池子前端设一入水槽,废油由入水槽倒入集水池中,废油在集水池中静置一段时间后,油水自动分层,水由集水池下端的排水管放走 ,上层的油积聚一定厚度后,用导油板将油导入集油池中以备回收再用,经过除油处理后的废水引入已建的污水管渠汇入总污水中。食堂污水 食堂每天开放3 次 。食堂污水主要由 2 部分组成:一部分是伙房污水,主要是做饭时的排水 ,有油脂成分;另一部分是餐厅用餐时的洗碗水。水中含有洗涤剂及一些杂物如饭粒儿,菜叶等 ,这

7、些物质格栅很难清除,它们会造成管道的堵塞,给设备的维护和管理造成很大的困难。故在食堂污水的出口处安装一个滤网将污水口罩住并定期清洗,这样就可以有效地去除食堂污水中的悬浮物,保证后继处理工艺的正确运行。滤网采用不锈钢材质,由不锈钢丝制成 。滤网 25 cm 25 cm 35 cm(长 宽 高) 。滤孔的尺寸为1 mm1 mm。浴室污水 转运站的浴室为12 h 开放 。分别在一天的不同时间段内取水样进行化验,洗澡水的CODCr平均值为130 mg L 左右 ,污水量占总污水的2 5 ,是污水回用处理主要回用水源。其监测情况见图 2。图2 洗澡水CODCr随时间变化情况宿舍和办公楼污水办公楼及宿舍污

8、水的污水也是转运站污水的重要组成部分。污水主要来源于办公楼及宿舍的洗漱用水、 冲厕用水等,该污水的可生化性较好,每天的水量变化不大,宿舍污水集中排放多在早晚时间,CODCr平均值为200 mg L 左右 ;办公楼 污 水 集 中 排 放 在 工 作 时 间 , CODCr平 均 值 为160 mg L左右 ,2 股污水均可作为回用水的水源。膜 - 生物反应器 本设计中采用膜- 生物反应器工艺 (处理量 50 m3 d,聚丙烯中空纤维膜) ,因为膜- 生物反应器是近年来发展的一种新型污水处理技术 ,随着膜材料的制造和再生技术的发展,由膜组件代替了传统的二沉池,从而省去了污泥回流设施,使污水处理设

9、施结构紧凑,节省了占地投资和设备投资 ,目前在我国的回用水处理工艺中具有极强的竞争优势 。此外 ,膜 - 生物反应器处理后出水的悬浮物含量可降到很低,无污泥膨胀和污泥流失现象,曝气池内具有高浓度活性污泥,使曝气池容积负荷增大,增强了对有机物的去除效率。调节池和回用贮水池调节池和贮水池在设计上重点考虑水质水量的均质调节和回用水供水平衡问题 ,故设计调节池的容积为15 m3,回用贮水池的容积为 38 m3。格栅 格栅被安装在污水渠道、 污水处理厂的端部 ,用以截留较大的悬浮物或漂浮物,如纤维 、 碎皮 、毛发 、 木屑 、 果皮 、 蔬菜及塑料制品等,以便减轻后续处理构筑物的处理负荷,并使之正常运

10、行。格栅选用XG 2 500 型 ( 015 m s) 。隔 栅 宽 为 015 m , 栅 条 宽 为011 m ,栅条间隙为 0101 m ,栅条间隙数为6 个 ,栅前水深为 014 m。5 结论(1) 膜-生物反应器处理工艺的选择使该设计土建投资和设备投资大大降低,使构筑物占地小,结构紧凑 ,满足了用户的需要。(2) 洗车水的沉砂处理、 修车水的隔油处理和食堂污水的滤网处理等大大减缓了后续处理工艺的负担 ,并极大地降低了污水回用处理费用。参考文献1宋序彤.城市水资源开发战略的转移.中国给水排水,1993.9.2蹇兴超.城市污水回用技术现状和发展趋势.环境保护,1996. 8.3张杰.水资

11、源、水环境与城市污水净化新技术.环境污染与防治,1998.3.第一作者 李颖,女,1965年7月生,2000年毕业于中国矿业大学(北京校区)环境工程专业,工程硕士,高级工程师。 现从事给排水专业和环境工程专业的教学工作。2001 - 09 - 19收稿22环 境 工 程2002年6月第20卷第3期名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - BIOLO GICAL AERATED FILTER AND ITS RESEARCH

12、 PROGRESSMa Jun et al( 7 )AbstractThefeature ,structure and application of biological aeratedfilter (BAF ) were introduced in this paper. The newresearchprogressin the removal of organic matters and SS,nitrification and denitrification ,dephosphorization,biofilm mechanism and kinetics of BAF was rev

13、iewed.It was pointed out that BAF is a novelfixed2biofilm treatment technique which is suitable to the national condition in our country and more researchmust be conducted to accelerate its application in China.Keywordsbiological treatment , fixed2biofilm , BAF , mechanism, application and progressI

14、NITIALRESEARCHONHYDRODYNAMICBEHAVIOROFINNERLOO PTHREE2PHASEFLUI DIZED BEDShu Mingjun et al(12)AbstractThis article researchedsome hydrodynamic properties of an inner loop three2phrasefluidized bed reactor. With the increase in gasinflux , KLandgwere increased,while Tmand Tcwere also diminished. With

15、 the increase in carriers , KL,g, Tmand Tchad the decliningtrend. After analyzing the experimental results,it was concluded that the suitable value of carriers percentagewas 6 % ,and the gasinflux shouldbe controlled between01751Nm3h.Keywordsgasinflux , carrier addition , gas2phrase percentage, oxyg

16、en delivering coefficient , cycling time and mixing timeSTUDYONAPPLICATIONOFTREATMENTPROCESSIMPROVEMENTONDYEINGWASTEWATERLuo Daochenget al(14)AbstractThe wastewatertreatment processof Xiangtan Textile Factory has beenimproved by studying and analyzing the existing problemsof the wastewatertreatment

17、process of the factory. After the new process of two2stage biological contact oxidation2sandfiltering2active biologicalcarbon was adopted,every index of water exceeded primary discharging standardof China ,the water could be reused and the cost of wastewatertreatment was decreasedby 13 or s o when t

18、he wastewaterwas treated by the new process.Keywordsdyeing wastewater, treatment process, improvement , two2stage biological contact oxidation , sandfiltering and active biologicalcarbonSTUDYONTHEORYANDAPPLICATIONOFWHIRLIN GFLOCCULATIONANDAIRFLOAT ATIONTang Wenhaoet al(16)AbstractOn the basisof hydr

19、odynamics and air floatation principle ,the kinetic causeof flocculation and air floatation under turbulencewere studied. The theory and method of whirling flocculation or whirling air floatation is advanced. Theworking principles and practical applicationof a whirling flocculation and air floatatio

20、n tank are introduced.Keywordstheory of whirling flocculation& air floatation ,whriling flocculation& air floatation tank and practical applicationPROCESSDESIGNOFANMONO SODIUMGLUTAMATEWASTEWATERTREATMENTENGINEERIN GXu Yudong(18)AbstractAn example of the process design of a monosodium glutamate waste

21、water treatment engineering was described. The practicalresults showthat after the pretreatment of recovering the microbe protein ,a two2phase UBF2SBR main process to treat monosodium glutamatewastewateris feasible ,effective and advanced. The effluent met the requirements of discharge standard.Keyw

22、ordsmonosodium glutamatewastewater, microbe protein , two2phaseUBF , sulphate reducing bacteria and S BRTECHNOLO GIC DESIGNOFRE2USETREATMENTOFTHE WASTEWATERFROMTHEGARBAGE TRANSPORT STATIONLi Ying(21)AbstractThe membrane bio2reactor (MBR) process is usedfor the re2use treatment of the wastewaterin th

23、e garbagetransport station. Itpossessesmany advantages,such as high2efficiency , stability ,simple technologic scheme,small occupation of land and less investment etc. Inaddition ,the treated wastewater can be usedfor the other purposes at the transport station ,for example,scouring transport vehicl

24、e ,spraying road ,flashing lavatory , afforestation, washing workshops ground etc , s o it possessesimportant social and economical benefits in the sustainabledevelopmentof the water resource.2ENVIRONMENTAL E NGINEERINGVol120 ,No13 ,June,2002名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名

25、师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - - Keywordswastewaterfrom garbagetransport station,re2use treatment and MBRTREATMENT OF HIGH CONCENTRATIONWASTEWATERCONTAININ G NITROBENZENEBYPROCESS OF MICRO EL ECTROLYSIS2UASB2PACTLi Ninglin et al(23)AbstractThis paper introduces the design and debugg

26、ingof a project for treating high concentration wastewatercontaining notrobenzenebythe processof microelectrolysis2UASB2PACT ,and its experiencein success ful operation. When the influent with a CODCrof 5 6207 090 mgL istreated by this process,the indexesof the effluent can meet thefirst2order of GB

27、8978 - 1996 ,and the averageremoval rateof CODCris over 98 %.Keywordsmicroelectrolysis ,UASB ,PACT ,nitrobenzene and debuggingPRESSLLRIZED AERATION BIO2REACTOR AND ITS PROCESS DESIGNChenLibo et al(25)AbstractIt is introduced that pressurizedaeration bio2reactor and the technological design of the tr

28、eatment system,including the principle ofthe reactor ,technological process,operating parameter and the characteristic of the process design.Keywordspressurized aeration bio2reactor ,acetaldehydewastewater,gourmet powder wastewaterand technological designSUMMARIZATION OF SELF2CONTROLL SYSTEM IN WAST

29、EWATER DISPO SAL PLANTZhu Wu et al(27)AbstractAiming at the actualities of self2control systemsin wastewatr disposalplants of our contry. we summarizethe control principle ,thecharacterisitc ,the constitution ,the alarm and s o on of a control system,analyze the causeof a systems trouble ,the factor

30、 of interference ,thebrainpower and the way to enhance its brainpower and also introduce the application of some new control methods such as fuzzy control inwastewaterdisposal control systemand the expansibility of its function and netw ork. We wish that this article could provide you some helpful i

31、deasto set up a perfect total distributed control systemof our own as quickly as possible.Keywordswastewaterdisposal, total distributed control system, fuzzy control ,brainpower and networkEL EMENTARY RESEARCH ON COAGULATION OF BIPOLAR CHAR GED DUST PARTICL ESWang Lianze et al(31)AbstractThe followi

32、ng stepswere adopted to do an elementary researchon the effects of the velocity of a gas flow ,dust concentration ,positive and negative discharge intensities etc on the coagulation efficiency ,the stepswere:the dust2bearinggaseswere passedthrough positive andnegative discharge fields respectively ,

33、which then were combined into one; in a larger space the gaseswere transported by turbulence while theywere coagulated by a bipolar charging in a short distance; talcum pwder and boiler flyash were used as test dust. It was concluded that thecollecting efficiency was raised by 10 % through the bipol

34、ar charging.Keywordsbipolar charging , asymmetry, coagulation and dedusting efficiencyTECHNICAL REFORMATION OF DUST COLLECTIN G SYSTEM OF GRAIN SLAG DRIERXing Yonget al(34)AbstractTaiyuna Lion Head Cement Group completely reformed the dust collecting systemof a grain slag drier. Its emission concent

35、rationis lower than 150 mgm3regulated by the national constructional and material industry. The reformation not only creats high profit but also greatlyimprovesthe quality of the atmospheric environment in western region of Taiyuan.Keywordsdustprecipitation system, emission concentration and environ

36、ment qualityTREATMENT TECHNOLO GY OF FLUE GAS FROM CUPOLA FOR JINAN No. 2 MACHINE TOOLGROUPShao Dongyu(36)AbstractA self2contained treatment systemof cupola flue gas is developed to s olve the tough problems of purifying the flue gasfrom alarge2sizedcupola. The following measures are adopted:install

37、 a temperature regulator in front of a bag deduster; adopt a optimum design oftuyere; set up a suitable real time control model etc. the technology is a breakthrough in treating the flue gasfrom a large2sized cupola.Keywordscupola ,flue gas and dedust3ENVIRONMENTAL E NGINEERINGVol120 ,No13 ,June,2002名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 4 页 - - - - - - - - -