2022年上海牛津英语AUnit知识点和语法点和练习.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -上海牛津英语 9AUnit1 学问点和语法点和练习教学重点：重点句型的运用教学难点：情态动词、代词教学过程： 1、词汇（快速过）2、语法（详解）3、家庭作业9A Chapter 1 The night of the horse 一、词汇词汇提高篇Stonehenge n. 史前巨石柱 Pyramid n. 金字塔Egypt n. 埃及 roughly ad. 粗暴地send in 上交,呈递 securely ad. 安全的tale n. 传奇 seize v. 抓住the Trojans 特洛伊人 unab

2、le a.没有才能的Troy 特洛伊城 arrow n. 箭,箭头beyond prep. 在 远处 bow n. 弓stair n. 楼梯 fictional a.虚构的capture v. 捕捉,占据legend n. 传奇, 传奇darkness n. 黑暗 drag v. 拖,拉politician n. 政客 sportsman n. 男运动员 sportswoman n. 女运动员 junk a. 陈旧,无用或不值钱的东西 mend v.修补Greek a. 希腊的n. 希腊人include v.包括 plain n. 平原 词形转换 基础1.部分单词的复数形式8. succeed

3、 v. 使 成 功success n. 胜利 9. enter v. 进入 entrance n. 入口army-armies; enemy-enemies; century-centuries 2. 几组反义词 disappear-appear;（消逝 - 显现）enemy-friend;（敌人 - 伴侣）dark-bright; 黑 暗 的 - 明 亮 的empty-full ； （空的 -满的）10. difficult a. 困难的difficulty n. 困难 提高1. dark a. 黑暗的darkness n. 黑暗2. Greek a.& n. 希腊的,希腊人stupid-c

4、lever/bright/wise/intelligent/ smart（愚蠢的 -聪慧的）Greece n. 希腊 3. able-unable （有才能的 -没有能3. history n. 历史historical a. 历力的） enable v. 使 能 第 1 页,共 11 页 史的4. celebrate v. 庆祝celebration n. 4. wooden a. 木头的wood n. e.g. celebrate Christmas/celebrate 木头ones birthday/celebrate a success5. city n. 城市citizen n. 市

5、民5. securely ad.安全地secure a.安全6. frightened a. 受惊吓的 （修饰人）的frightening a. 恐 怖 的 （ 修 饰 物 ）6. including prep.包括include v. 包frighten v. 使可怕括7 .help n./v. 帮忙helpful a. 有7. giant a. = very large 庞大的op. 帮忙的tiny 微小的细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

6、 - - - - - -8. secret n. 隐秘 secretly ad. 隐秘地 9. succeed v.胜利 success n.胜利successful a. 胜利的 successfully a. 成 功地的10. rough a. 不平的；粗糙的；坎坷 roughly ad. n. 欧洲的（人）a European 13.fiction n . 虚构的事 fictional a.虚构的客14. politics n. 政治politician n. 政15. sport n. 运动 sportsman男运动员11. Troy n.特洛伊城Trojan n./a.sportsw

7、oman 特洛伊人（的）European a.& 12. Europe n. 欧洲词组 基础笑1. two at a time 一次两个到了午夜2. make jokes about sb. 拿 开玩12. sail away 驾船驶走=make fun of 13. the Indian Ocean 印度洋3. no longer 不再=not any longer 14. enjoy oneself=have a good e.g. I am no longer a child.= I am not a child any longer. 4. seconds later =after a

8、 while =moments later 过了一会儿 5. look down at 向下看着 6. take sth with sb. 随身带去某物 7. obey orders 遵守命令time=have a wonderful time 过得开心15. get rid of 摆脱 16. play a trick on sb. 戏弄某人 提高1. in the darkness= in the dark 在黑 暗中2. send in 上交,呈递8. make sure that+ 从 句确 信3. except for 除了make sure= be sure 9. go to sl

9、eep = fall asleep 入睡4. be securely locked 被安全地锁上 5. pull into 把 放进 中10. succeed in doing sth =be drag into 把 拉进 中successful in doing sth. =manage to do sth 胜利地干某事 11. by a trick 用阴谋by midnight二、重要内容讲解6. drag sb. away 掳走1. A newspaper ran a short story competition on famous tales from history. 报纸举办一个

10、依据闻名历史故事创作短篇小说的竞赛；（1）run 作及物动词,意为“ 治理、经营、指挥”；eg. My father ran a camera store last year. 我父亲去年治理照相器材商店；Who runs the business. 谁管事？He is running the shop while the owner is away. 店主不在他经营商店；run 作为动词,可作“ 跑,驾驶,运转,延长,流失,上演” 等之意；eg. Im tired because Ive just run home from school. 我累了,由于我刚从学校跑回家；The machin

11、es run day and night. 机器日夜不停地转动；The good news ran through our village. 这个好消息在我们村里传开了；（2）on 作介词,意为“ 关于”eg. We are going to listen to a lecture on Africa history this afternoon. 2细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -今日下午我

12、们将听一个关于非洲历史的演讲；辨析： on, about about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,on 指比较系统、深化地论述某事；试比较：It is a book on birds. 那是一本论及鸟类的书； 可能是一本学术著 作 It is a book about birds. 那是一本关于鸟的书； 可能是一本供小孩看的关 于鸟类的故事书 2. This is a story one of the students sent in. 这是其中一个同学寄来的参赛故事；（1）本句是一个含有定语从句的复合句；one of the students sent in 作定语,修饰 story,其中,

13、省去了作宾语的关系代词；（2）send in表示“ 将某物寄去某处（参与竞赛或进行处理） ,或派遣到某 地” ；eg. I have made up my mind to send in my resignation. 我决心提交我的辞职 申请书；We decided it was time to send in British troops. 我们认定是该派遣英国军 队去那里的时候了；与 send有关的短语：send away 开除,解雇 send for 派人去请send up 发射,把 往上送set off 动身,动身,启程set ones mind to do sth. 一心想做4.

14、But the captain of the guards was no longer listening. 但首领并没有再 听下去；（1）no longer 固定短语,意为“ 不再”,相当于 not any longer,表示某种状态在某个时间之后不再连续下去,本身带有否定含义,常用在系动词之后,实义动词之前；eg. Im no longer a student. 我不再是个同学了；Im not a student any longer. He no longer lives here. 他不在这儿居住了；He doesnt live here any longer. 辨析： no long

15、er; not . any longer; no more; not . any more no longer 相当于 not any longer,指“ 时间上不再连续”,常与状态动词或连续性动词连用；eg. Annie does not live here any longer. 安妮不住在这儿了；He is no longer a child. 他不再是一个小孩子了；no more 相当于 not any more,指“ 数量上或程度上不再增加”,常与瞬时动词连用；eg. I have no more money to give you. 我没有更多的钱给你；The baby watch

16、ed and listened, and she didnt cry any more. 那个婴儿看着、听着,不再哭了；5. He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea. 他俯视着空旷的平原,再远处是空寂的大海；（1）look 作不及物动词,意为“ 看”,look down 向下看,其后接宾语加细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

17、- - - - - -介词 at,at 后接看的对象,反义词组为 look up at 向上看 eg. He looked down at the valley on the top of the hill. 他从山顶俯视峡谷；He looked up at the blue sky and saw a plane flying over the city. 他向天空望去,观察一架飞机从城市上空飞过；look down upon 表示“ 瞧不起,鄙视” 的意思；eg. We shouldnt look down upon the poor. 我们不应当看不起穷人；（2）beyond 在此句中作

18、介词用,介词beyond 一般有四种用法： 在位置上表“ 在 以外”、“ 在 的那边” 之意；eg. Our steel works is a mile beyond the town. 我们的钢厂在离城一英里外；Their paper mill is beyond the river. 他们的造纸厂是在河的对岸； 在时刻上表示“ 过了 ”、“ 比 晚” 之意；eg. Now it is beyond six oclock. 现在过六点了；Today he checked the circuit beyond the usual time. 今日他比平常晚些才检 查好线路； 在范畴上表示“ 超

19、过”、“ 出乎 之外” 之意；eg. beyond all comparison无可比拟； beyond all hope没有期望； beyond belief 难以置信； beyond comprehension 不能懂得； beyond dispute 无可争辩；beyond control不受约束,不受掌握； beyond doubt无疑； beyond expression难以 喻言； beyond expectation出乎意料,不料 The book is quite beyond me.（表语）这本书非我所能懂得；We found Beijing changed beyond r

20、ecognition.（状语）我们发觉北京变了,使人认不得了；By radar people can see the things beyond the visibility of them.（定语）利用 雷达人们能观察视线以外的东西；作“ 除 外” 解；eg. Beyond this he knows nothing. 除此以外,他一无所知；I know nothing about the matter beyond what I have read in the magazines.（what 从句作 beyond 的宾语；）关于这件事,除了我在杂志上所看到的以外,我毫无所知；The de

21、sk is _ _ wood. Paper is _ _ wood. Wood can be _ _ paper. This kind of car is _ _ Shanghai. 6. The Greeks have tried for ten years to capture our city. 希腊人用了十年去试图占据我们的城市；（1）The Greeks 希腊人定冠词通常用在表示姓氏的复数名词或表示民族名称的名词前,表示全家或整个民族；eg. The Turners are sitting at breakfast table. 特纳一家正在吃早饭；The English have

22、a wonderful sense of humour. 英国人富有幽默感；（2）to capture our city 相当于 to make our city their prisoner,意为“ 占据 我们的城市” ；capture作动词,意为“ 夺取,占据” ,后边可加人 /地点 /动物 /事物；eg. They captured Tom and threw him in prison. 他们抓住了汤姆, 并把他送 进监狱；4细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结

23、 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -时；It took them 24 hours to capture the city. 攻下这座城市花费了他们24 个小Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive. 我们的任务是活 捉很多猴子；Overseas firms captured almost 41 of the market. 海外公司把握了将近41的市场；7. You dont have to think. 你不必考虑；dont have to相当于 neednt,意为“ 没有必要”eg

24、. Since you are ill you dont have to attend the meeting. 既然你病了,就不必参与这个会议；Mrs. Li doesnt have to wash the dishes this evening, because her daughter has washed them. 今晚李夫人不必再洗盘子,由于她女儿已经洗好了；dont have to/neednt可以作为 must 开头的疑问句的否定答语；eg. Must we clean the classroom now. 我们必需现在打扫教室吗？Yes, you must. 是的,必需现在打

25、扫；No, you neednt/ dont have to. 不必现在打扫；例题： Since you are ill, you _ attend the meeting. A. havent to B. dont need C. neednt to D. dont have to Mrs. Li _wash the dishes this evening. Her daughter has washed them for her. A. doesn t need B. doesn t need to C. needn D. t to has not to 8. Outside the ma

26、in gate of the city stood a huge horse made of wood. 一匹庞大的木马耸立城外；（1）这是一个倒装句, 相当于 A huge horse made of wood stood outside the main gate of the city. 地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词如 lie, live, sit, stand 或转移的动词如 come, go, rise,用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后；这种情形主要显现在描 写文中；eg. At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂耸立在山

27、顶上；兵们；In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士主语如是代词就不能倒装；eg. At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天耸立在山顶 上；（2）a huge horse made of wood 表示“ 木制的庞大马匹”,made of wood是过去分词短语作定语,相当于定语从句,a huge horse made of wood.a horse 5细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

28、 第 5 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -which was made of wood. eg. some desks made of wood 木制的课桌；a knife made of iron 铁制的小刀辨析： be made of,be made from,be made in,be made by,be made for be made of 和 be made from 都表示“ 由 制成”,主语为制成品,但前者表示制成成品后, 仍可看出原材料是什么, 保留原材料的质和外形,

29、 制作过程 仅发生物理变化； 后者表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特点,或原材 料在制作过程中发生化学变化,在成品中已无法辨认；eg. The kite is made of paper风筝是用纸做的；Bread is made from corn. 面包是小麦做的；Butter is made from milk黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的；be made in表示某物在某地生产或制造, in 后接表示地点的名词； be made by 表示“ 由（谁）制造” ,by 后接动作的执行者； be made for表示“ 为 而制 造” ；eg. This TV set is made in

30、Shanghai这台电视是上海制造的；The machine is made by the workers in the factory这机器是由工厂里的工 人们制造的；These desks were made for the students这些书桌是为同学们做的；9. Its so big that they couldnt take it with them. 木马太大了,他们拉 不走；（1）“ so形容词或副词 that ” 结构用于引导结果状语从句, 表示“ 如 此 以至于 ” ；eg. The doctor was so excited that he couldnt fall

31、asleep. 那个医生如此兴奋以至于无法入睡；The cinema is so far that well have to take a bus there. 电影院太远了,我们不得不乘公共汽车去那儿；（2）so that 与 such that 的区分 such that 结构 在 so that 句型中, so是副词,其后跟形容词或副词；而 中,such是形容词,后面接名词或名词短语；两句型意思一样,结构不同,但引 导的都是结果状语从句；即eg. The dog runs so fast that I cant catch it. 那只狗跑得那么快,我抓不住它；It was such a

32、 cold day that people had to stay at home. 天那么冷,人们不得 不待在家；It was such cold weather that some people caught a cold. 天那么冷,有些人 感冒了；It was so fine that we all went swimming. It was _ _ fine day _ we all went swimming. 10. And so the Trojans dragged it into the city with ropes. 然后特洛伊人用绳子把马拽进了城市；drag 作动词,

33、意为“ 拖,拉”,后边可以加 sth./sb. eg. She dragged a chair across the room to join them. 她拖把椅子穿过房间和他们坐在一起；6细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -The Greeks seized the captain and dragged him away. 希腊人抓住了上尉并拖走了他；辨析： drag, draw 与 pul

34、l drag“ 拖,拉” ,指渐渐地拖着笨重的东西,意味着所拖的东西阻力很大；eg. The horse was dragging a heavy load. 马拖着很重的东西；He dragged the body out of the river. 他从河中把死尸拉出来；draw “ 拖,拉” ,与 pull 相比,它通常指较平稳地,也往往是比较淡定地 拉；eg. Draw your chair up to the table. 把你的椅子拉到桌子旁边来；He drew the book towards him. 他把书拉 /拖到他面前；pull 是个一般用语,意思是“ 用力拉”强调移动的

35、方式；,指物体朝发出力的方向移动,不eg. He pulled the door open. 他拉开了门；Pull the door open. Dont push it. 把门拉开 ,别推；11. They sang and danced around the horse, and make jokes about their enemies, the stupid Greeks. 他们围着马唱歌,跳舞,开他们的敌人的玩笑愚蠢的希腊人；make jokes about固定词组,意为“ 以 为笑柄,取笑”；eg. They made jokes about my old hat. 他们取笑我的

36、旧帽子；类似的词组有： play a joke on sb. 开某人的玩笑 eg. Lets play a joke on Tom and close the door so that he cant get in. 让我们给汤姆开个玩笑,关上门不让他进来；have a joke 开玩笑 eg. She was having a joke with Tom. 她正和汤姆开玩笑；12. They all went to sleep, including the gate guards. 他们全都去睡觉了,包括门卫；including 作介词,意为“ 包括”；eg. There were six

37、people in the car, including a baby. 车里有六个人,包括一 个小孩儿；The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen. 这套公寓 有三个房间,包括厨房；辨析： include, including include 及物动词,意思是“ 包括；算在内”作宾语；,后可接名词或动词 -ing 形式eg. Your duty includes putting the children to bed. 你的任务包括支配孩子们 睡觉；Please include me in your grou

38、p. 请把我算在你们组内；including 介词,意思是“ 包括”,后接名词或代词；eg. Therere twenty people in all, including us. 包括我们在内,一共有二十个 人；Eight people including two kids, were injured in the explosion. 八个人,包括两名儿童,在爆炸中受伤；There were six people in the car, including a baby. 7细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 11 页 -

39、 - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -There were six people in the car, a baby _. 13. By midnight, the square was empty except for the giant horse. 午夜,广场上空荡荡的,除了那匹庞大的马；except for 固定词组,意为“ 除 之外”；eg. The room is empty except for a broken chair. 除了一把椅子,房间是空 的；Your composition was

40、very good except for several mistakes. 除了几个小毛病,你的文章不错；辨析： except, except for 两者都有“ 除 之外”的意思, 但 except 指的是从同类的人或事物中排除其中一部分；eg. He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天早起；except for 指除去的同所提到的不是同类事物,它所除去的部分是对前面 总的情形作一些反面细节补充或说明,从而部分地修正句中所表达的主要意思；eg. Your writing is good except for a few gram

41、mar mistakes. 除了几处语法 错误外,你的作文写得很好；14. In one night, they succeed in capturing it by a trick. 一夜之间,他们通过一个计策胜利地占据了它；（1）succeed作动词,意为“ 胜利”；succeed in doing sth.相当于 be successful in doing sth. 意为“ 做 取得成 功” ；我们胜利地通过了全部的考试；eg. We succeeded in passing all the exams. （2）by 在此作介词,意为“ 靠,通过”,表示方式；eg. Edison ma

42、de a living by selling newspaper when he was young. 爱迪生小时候靠卖报纸谋生；by 仍有如下用法：by 指“ 用某种方法” 或“ 用某种手段”；eg. Please tell your father by telephone.请用电话告知你父亲；We often go home by bus.我们经常乘公共汽车回家；These coats were made by hand. 这些外套是手工做的；留意： by hand 表示抽象含义,意思为“ 用手工做”；by 表示“ 在 旁边”,经常可以等于 by the side of. eg.The c

43、hildren are playing byby the side ofthe river. 孩子们正在河边玩 耍；There is an old big tree by the village. 村边有一棵古老的大树；by 用于被动语态中,引出动作的完成者,意思为“ 被 ；由 ”；eg.The delicious food was eaten up by a cat. 那些可口的食物被一只猫吃光了；The door was closed by Li Ming. 门是被清晨关上的；表示时间, 意为“ 在 以前, 不迟于,到 时（为止）” ,等于 before. eg.Will you finish your homework by 8 p.m. 8 点前你能做完作业吗？By this time tomorrow we shall arrive in Beijing. 北京了；明天的这个时候我们该到by 表示“ 经过” ,可以指时间,也可以指空间,通常跟动词 go, come等8细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - -