2022年一般过去时和一般将来时.docx

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1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载英语动词时态详解：一般将来时一、一般将来时的定义 一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态；常用时间副词 tomorrow, soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语；如：What will you do this afternoon. 你今日下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会；He is going to s

2、tudy abroad next year. 明年他要出国学习；二、一般将来时的基本用法及构成一般将来时的基本用法是表示单纯的将来事实,由“will / shall + 动词原形” 构成：We shall have a lot of rain next month. 下个月将下很多雨；I think she will pass the exam. 我想他考试会及格的；三、表示将来时间的几种常见方法英语中除了“will /shall+ 动词原形” 表示半来时态外,仍可以有以下多种方法：1 用“be going to+动词原形”表示；主要表示准备和猜测：We are not going to st

3、ay there long. 我们不预备在那里多待；表准备 I m afraid theyre going to lose the game. 唯恐他们会赛输；表猜测 Look, its going to rain. 瞧,要下雨了；表预见 注： be going to 后接动词 go 和 come 时,通常直接改用其进行时态：Where is he going to go. / Where is he going. 他准备到哪里去？2 用“be to+动词原形 ” 表示；主要表示按方案或支配即将要发生的动作；有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性：He is to leave for Beijing t

4、omorrow. 他打算明天去北京；Tell him he not to be back late. 告知他不准迟回；3 用“be about to+动词原形”表示；主要表示即将要发生的事：He is about to leave. 他即将要离开；Sit down, everyone. The film is about to start. 大家坐好,电影立刻就要开发始了；注：该结构通常不与详细的时间状语连用：细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - -

5、- - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载误： He is about to leave soon tomorrow.另外,该结构在美国英语中仍可表示“准备 ” 主要用于否定句 ：I m not about to lend him any more money.我不准备再借给他任何钱；4 用“be due to+动词原形”表示；主要表示按方案或时间表将要发生某事：He is due to leave very soon. 他很快就要离开；His book is due to be published in October. 他的书方案 10 月份出版；5 用“现在进行

6、时”即 be现在分词 表示；主要表示按方案或支配要发生的事：The students are leaving on Sunday. 同学们星期日动身；Were having a party next week.我们下星期将开一个晚会；注：该用法有时表示即将发生的动作：I m leaving.我走了；6 用“一般现在时”表示；表示按规定或时间表估计要发生的事：The train leaves at 7:25 this evening. 火车今晚 7:25 分开；Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三；We have a holiday tomorrow. 我们明天放假；注：在

7、表示时间、条件等的状语从句以及某些名词性从句、定语从句等中,也用一般现在时表示将来意义,参见“ 时态详解：一般现在时” 的有关用法；四、三种将来时间表示法的比较1 “will / shall动词原形 ” 与“be going to动词原形 ”两者均可表示将来时间和意图,两者有时可换用：I think itll rain this evening. / I think its going to rain this evening.I won t tell you about it. / Im not going to tell you about it. 我不会把这事告知你的；但有时有差别： 如

8、是强调某个意图是经过事先考虑好的,就通常要用be going to ；如是表示某个意图“没有经过事先考虑,而是在说话的当时才暂时想到的,就通常用will ；比较：Ann is in hospital. Oh, really. I didnt know. I安住院了； ” “啊,真的吗？我仍不知道；我要去看看她；” 暂时想法,不能用be going toAnn is in hospital. Yes, I know. Im going to visit her tomorrow. 安住院了； ” “我知道,我准备明天去看看她；” 事先考虑的意图,不能用will 如是有迹象说明要发生某事,通常只用

9、be going to,不用 will ：细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 Look at those black clouds. Its going to rain. 看那些乌云,要下雨了； 第 2 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载 带有时间或条件状语从句的主句通常不宜用be going to,而用 will ：When he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他回来时我就

10、告知他这个消息；If he comes back, I will tell him the news. 他如回来我就告知他这个消息；2“be going to+动词原形 ” 与“ 现在进行时 ” be going to 主要表示主观想法或意图,支配；比较：而现在进行进表示将来就主要已经强调作出的I m going to wash the car if I have time. 如有时间我想洗洗车；主观想法 I m picking you up at 6; don 我 6 点钟来接你,不要忘了；已作出的支配 但是当要表示主观无法掌握的猜测时,通常要用 It s going to snow bef

11、ore long.不久会下雪；be going to ,不能用现在进行时态：Things are going to get better soon. 情形很快就会好起来； 当表示坚持要 不要 某人做某事时,两者均可用：Shes taking going to take that medicine whether he likes it or not. 不管她喜爱不喜爱,她都得吃那药；Youre not wearing going to wear that skirt to school. 你不行以穿那条裙子去上学；3 “be going to+动词原形 ” 与“be to+动词原形 ” 的区分

12、两者均可表示按方案或支配要发生的动作,有时可互换但 be to 比 be going to 正式 ：Where are we going to stay tonight. 我们今晚住哪里？I m going to play tennis this afternoon.我准备今日下午打网球；此时不能用be 另外, be going to 仍可表示猜测, 即依据已有迹象猜测将要发生的动作,to：Look, its going to rain. 看,要下雨了；五、 典型一般将来时考题详解【例 1】Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _

13、advertisements showing happy families A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 分析： A；这是 “ 祈使句 +and +陈述句 ” 句型,祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句,and 后 的陈述句的谓语用 一般将来时 ,这是一个较为固定的句型；t support him 【例 2】He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they won unless he can borrow money from the

14、 bank.细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载A. were deciding B. have decidedC. decided D. will decide分析： B；因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时 ,主句中的谓语动词不行能是过去时态,排除选项 A 和 D; 由语境判定,不是“ 将要打算 ” ,而是 “ 现在已经打算 ”,所以排除D,而选B；【例 3】 How can I

15、apply for an online course.Just fill out this form and we _ what we can do four you.A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see 分析： D；表示将要发生的情形,自然是用一般将来时；【例 4】If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be i

16、ncreasing 分析： A；由于 if 条件从句用的是一般现在时,所以其相应的主句宜用 一般将来时 ；【例 5】 Population experts predict that most people _ in cities in the near future.A. live B. would live C. will live D. have lived分析： C；依据句中的in the near future 可知要用一般将来时；【例 6】When I talked with my grandma on the phone, she sounded weak, but by the

17、time we _ up, her voice had been full of life.A. were hanging B. had hungC. hung D. would hang 分析： C；从规律上说,当我在电话里和奶奶谈天时,她的声音听起来很虚弱；但到我们要挂电话时,她的声音又布满朝气；从规律上说,应当是“ 奶奶的声音又布满朝气” 在先,“ 我们挂断电话 ”在后,假如是反过来的话,那说话者就无法听知道“ 奶奶的声音又布满朝气”之回事了； 所以 “ 挂断电话 ” 应用一般过去时；另外,由于 by the time 后接的定语从句通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时 ,用一般过去时代替过

18、去将来时,所以选项D 不能选；【例 7】Ann is in hospital.Oh, really. I _ know. I _ go and visit her.A. didn t; am going to B. dont; wouldC. dont; willD. didn t; will分析： D；依据句意,在此之前说话人不知道安住院了,因此第一空用一般过去时；说话人准备去看她,这个动作仍没发生,因此其次空用一般将来时 ；留意 be going to 与 will表示将来的区分：表示暂时的打算,要用be going to,不用will； 第 4 页,共 11 页 【例 8】I ll go

19、 to the library as soon as I finish what I _.细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载A. was doing B. am doing C. have done D. had been doing分析： B；句意是：我一完成我做的工作就去图书馆；由于“去图书馆 ”用的是一般将来时,说明要完成的工作是“现在 ”正在做的事情,故用现在进行时；又如：He is study

20、ing architecture. 他在学习建筑；The ambulance is carrying wounded people to the nearest hospital. 抢救车正在把受伤的人送到最近的医院；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载英语动词时态详解：一般过去时 一、 一般过去时的定义 一般过去时 表示过去某一时候或某一段时间所发生了的事情或存在的状态；常与过

21、去时 间 yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, in the past 等连用；如：What did you do yesterday. 昨天你干了什么？今日上午我会到了林涛；I met Lin Tao this morning. I was there a moment ago. 刚才我在那儿；二、 一般过去时的应用1. 一般过去时表示过去 1 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态：He bought th

22、e computer five years ago. 这电脑是他五年前买的；It was then a small fishing village 那时它只是一个小渔村；2 表示过去常常性或习惯性的动作：We often played together when we were children 我们小时候常在一起玩；注：表过去习惯性的动词,也可用 used to 或 would ：He used to go to work by bus. 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班；2. 一般过去时表示现在 1 在宾语从句中,由于时态呼应的关系,可用一般过去时表示现在：I didnt know you wer

23、e here. 我不知道你在这儿；were 实际上指现在 I didnt know you were so busy我没想到你这么忙；were 实际上指现在 2 表示客气委婉的现在 I wondered if you were free this evening. 不知您今晚是否有空；I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您或许想要些花；注：能这样有的动词主要限于want, wonder, think, hope, intend 等少数动词；3 用于某些特殊结构中表示现在 It s time we started. 我们该动身了；I wish I k

24、new his him. 要是我知道他的名字就好了；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 I rather you lived closer to us. 我期望你能住得离我们近点； 第 6 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -注：该用法主要用于it 精品资料欢迎下载s time, I wish, Id rather, if only, as if, as though 等少数结构后接从句的情形,其中有些结构后面的句子仍可用一般过去时表示将来

25、：I d rather you come next Monday.我宁愿你下周星期一来；另外表主观想法的虚拟条件句也用一般过去时表示现在：If I had the money now Id buy a car . 假如我现在有钱,我就买辆小汽车；from 三、 一般过去时对谓语动词的要求一般过去时 的谓语动词要用动词的过去式；动词过去式的构成分规章变化和不规章变化两种形式,不规章变化通常需要逐个记忆,规章变化就遵循以下原就：1 一般在动词后加-ed；如： playplayed, offer offered, weigh weighed, destroy destroyed, signsigne

26、d. 2 在以字母 e 结尾的动词后,只加 datedated；-d；如：like liked, provide provided, hate hated, 3 在以 “辅音字母 +y”结尾的动词后,就改 y 为 i,再加 ed；如： supplysupplied, fly flied, study studied. from 4 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且,末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最终一个辅音字母,再加-ed；如： plan planned, referreferred, regretregretted, ban banned. 四、 特殊说明有些动词的过去时,如：expect

27、, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时,后接不定式的完成时； 或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式,都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、准备或期望；如：I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本期望他来邀请我参与他的婚礼；I intended to have joined their games. I had intended to join their games. 我本准备参与他 们的竞赛；五、 典型考题

28、（附详解）1. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载解析：答案选 C；l

29、eave 应发生在 had to wait 这个过去动作之前,“过去的过去 ” 用过去完成时 ; 后一空用一般过去时表示过去将来；2. Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _. A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 解析：答案选 B；“ 但她曾经答应要来的” ,过去的许诺,故用 一般过去时 ；3. You haven t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it. I m sorry I_ anything about

30、 it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didn t say解析：答案选 D；用一般过去时,指“ 我刚才没急于说” ；4. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 解析：答案选 C；紧急相伴等的过程而产生,用一般过去时；应同时发生,

31、 waited 是一般过去时 ,grow 也5. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesn t mention B. hadn mentioned C. didn t mention D. hasn t mentioned解析：答案选 C；只描述过去所发生的情形,但没有强调对现在的影响,用一般过去时；6. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time. A. ha

32、d fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 解析：答案选 C；描写过去发生的情形用 一般过去时 ；7. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun 解析：答案选 B；when 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,当然用 一般过

33、去时 ；when 指 20 世纪 90 岁月初,8. I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday. Oh, how nice. Do you know when she _. A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 解析：答案选 D；由于 Jane 已经度假去了,“离开 ” 此地就当然是在此之前的过去某个时间了,所以用一般过去时,选D；另外, when 通常都不与完成时连用,排除B 和 C,A也与语境不符；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - -

34、- - - - - 第 8 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料欢迎下载t find it.9. I _ you not to move my dictionary -now I canA. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked 解析：答案选 A ；由 now 可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的 你偏不听；“叫 ”是在过去发生的动作,用 一般过去时 ；10. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys

35、 of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 解析： 答案选 A；由 when the earthquake struck 可知, 要用 一般过去时 ,排除 C 和 D; 又由于主语是单数the teacher,所以只有A 正确；11. The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was coming B. had come C. has come D

36、. came 解析： 答案选 D；由 when was brought in 可知, come 也是过去发生的事,用一般过去时；句意是：当引入一个好玩的话题时,那场争论又变得活跃起来；12. She _her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing 解析：答案选 C；由 came 可知,她已来重庆了,而转变发型是在来重庆之前,即过去的过去,按理要用过去完成时,但 用一般过去时

37、,所以选 C；before 已经说明紧接着发生的先后两个动作,所以也可13. What we used to think _ impossible now does seem possible. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be解析：答案选 B；依据句中的used to 可知,空格处应填一般过去时；句意为：我们过去认为不行能的现在都好像有可能成为现实；14. It is said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education.A. were being des

38、igned B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed解析：答案选 D；解答此题的关键是要抓住early 这一形容词； early European playing-cards的意思是 “早期欧洲人玩的扑克牌”,既然是 “早期 ”,确定就是过去的事了,所以用一般过去时；15. I _ in London for many years, but I back to China.ve never regretted my final decision to move 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 A. lived B. was li

39、vingC. have lived D. had lived 第 9 页,共 11 页 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -精品资料 欢迎下载解析：答案选 A ；很多同学一看到后面的have never regretted 为现在完成时,同时选项C 也是现在完成时,结果滥用时态呼应,将答案误选C；其实,此题的正确答案是A；句中but 后的句子告知我们,说话者现在已搬回了上海,所以他住在伦敦应属于过去的事情,故应用 一般过去时 ；16. Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：答案选 D；依据句中的yesterday可知,要用一般过去时；17. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _.A. went; was occurring B. went; occ