2022年仁爱版八年级英语上册知识点总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 八年级英语（仁爱版）语言点归纳Unit 1 Sports and Games Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball. 1.see sb. do sth “ 观察某人做了某事”强调动作的全过程, 常与 every day; often等连用 . see sb. doing sth. “ 观察某人正在做某事”强调动作正在进行. Eg : I saw you play basketball almost every day during the summer holidays. I often see hi

2、m draw pictures near the river. 我常观察她在河边画画 . I saw her go across the street. 我观察她过了公路 I saw her going across the street. 我观察她正在过公路 . 类似的有 watch,hear,feel 等这类感观动词 . 2.join sb. 表示“ 加入某人的行列”“ 和某人在一起”join + 组织 表示 “ 加入某个组织”take part in 表示“ 参与 / 出席某个活动”如 : Will you join us. I will join the skiing club. Sh

3、e is planning to take part in the high jump. 3.prefer to 更喜爱（to 是介词,后接名词、V-ing 形式） Eg ：She prefers fish to meat. She prefers playing the piano to playing the guitar. 4.arrive in + 大地点 arrive at + 小地点 get to + 地点 = reach + 地点如: My uncle arrived in Beijing yesterday. I arrived at the Great Wall. = I g

4、ot to the Great Wall. = I reached the Great Wall. 留意 : reach here/there/home = get here/there/home = arrive here/there/home 5.leave 离开 leave for动身去 / 离开到如 : They are leaving Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们要离开北京 . They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow. 后天他们要前往日本 . 6.a few “ 几个 ; 一些”修饰可数名词 a little

5、 “ 一点点”修饰不数名词如: There are a few eggs in the basket. There is a little water in the bottle. 7.how long 表示“ 多久 时间 ” ; 提问时间段 . how often 表示 “ 多常 ; 多久一次”; 提问时间的频率. 如: They will stay in Beijing for a week. He plays basketball twice a week. How long will they stay in Beijing. How often does he play basket

6、ball. 8.be good at doing sth. = do well in doing sth. 善于于 做 某事如: She is good at playing baseball. = She does well in playing baseball. 9.make sth/sb + adj. 使某物 某人 在某种状态 keep sth/sb + adj. 保持某物 某人 在某种状态如: Playing soccer can make your body strong. Swimming can help to keep your heart and lungs healthy

7、. 重点语法1 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一般将来时：（一） be going to 结构 : 表示主语进行某一将来行动的准备、意图；这种准备常经过预先考虑并含有自己做好某些预备的意思,因此通常认为用 见诸实践；be going to 表达的行动很可能会如： I m going to play basketball with my classmates this Sunday. 我准备本周日和同学们一起打篮球； She is going to buy a sweater for her mother. 她准

8、备为她妈妈买一件毛衣；表猜测；指依据迹象估计,而且立刻或很快就要发生；如： Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. 瞧那些乌云！快要下雨了！（二） will + 动词原形： 表示单纯的将来事实,常与表将来的时间状语如 :tomorrow, soon, later, next timeweek/month/year 等连用； will not = wont; 缩略形式为ll. 表示作出立刻的打算；这种意图并未经过事先的考虑或方案,是暂时的一种打算；如： a. -Please put your things away, Tom. 汤姆,把你的东西整理好；-

9、Im sorry. Ill do it right away. 对不起；我立刻就去做；b. -Would you like coffee or tea. 您要咖啡仍是茶？ -I will have a cup of tea,please. 我要一杯茶；c. Don t worry. Ill help you. 别担忧；我会帮你的；表示猜测；指说话人对于将来的看法、假设和估计；如： I m sure our team will win next time. 我确信下次我们队会赢；Maybe she will go to the gym. 或许她会去体育馆；表示许诺；如： I ll do bett

10、er next time. 下次我会做得更好的； Ill visit you tomorrow. 明天我会去看你的；句式：确定句：I/She/He/They will go to play baseball soon. 否定句： I/She/He/They wont go to play baseball soon. 一般疑问句： Will you/she/he/they go to play baseball soon. 回答： Yes, I/she/he/they will. No, I/she /he/they wont. （三）动词 plan, come, go, leave, fly

11、 等用现在进行时表示将要发生的事 . 如： I m coming. 我就来； He is leaving for Shanghai. 他将到上海去； We are going to Beijing. 我们将去北京；Topic 2 Would you mind teaching me . 1.ill 与 sick 都表示“ 生病的”, 只能作表语而既可作表语也可作定语 . 如: The man is ill/sick. 那个男人病了 . 作表语 He is a sick man. 他是个病人 . 作定语 2.Would you mind not doing sth. 表示“ 不 做某事介意 /

12、好吗 .”如: Would you mind coming and checking it. 来修理它好吗 . Would you mind not smoking here. 不要在这儿吸烟好 / 介意吗 . 3. one of + 名词复数 表示 “ 其中之一 ”, 主语是 one, 表单数 . 谓语动词用单数；如: One of my teammates is strong and tall. 4. miss “ 错过 , 思念 , 遗失”其中我的一个队友又高又壮；如: I missed the last bus yesterday. 昨天我错过最终一班车. . He missed hi

13、s mother. 他思念他的母亲. My God. I missed=lost my key. 天啊 . 我把钥匙弄丢了2 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. do ones best 尽某人的最大努力 = try ones best We do our best to finish the task. 6. be sure to do sth. = be sure that + 句子“ 确定做某事”如 : We are sure to win next time. = We are sure that we

14、 will win next time. 我们确信下次肯定会赢；7. be sorry for“ 为某事愧疚” , 句子“ 很愧疚做了某事”be sorry to do sth. = be sorry that + 如: I am very sorry for what I said. 我为我所说的话感到愧疚. Im sorry I lost your book. = Im sorry to lose your book.很愧疚弄丢你的书；8. tired adj. “ （感到）疲乏的”主语是人如: I feel tired today. 今日我感到累了 . tiring adj. “ 令人疲

15、惫的”, 主语是事物如:This job is tiring. 这份工作令人疲乏 . 类似的有 : excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 interested 感到好玩的 interesting 好玩的9. 15-year-old “ 15 岁的”15 years old “ 15 岁”如: He is a 15-year-old boy. = The boy is 15 years old. 类似用法 : 2.5-mile / 2.5 miles 10. instead “ 替代 ; 相反”, 一般单独使用 , 放在句末 , 前面用逗号隔开 . instead of “

16、替代 ; 而不 , 相反”如: I wont go to Shanghai. Ill go to Beijing, instead. 我不会去上海而会去北京. = I ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai.我喝了很多牛奶而不是水. I drank a lot of milk instead of water. have fun doing sth. = enjoy doing sth. 表示 “ 从做 . 中获得乐趣”如: I have great fun running. = I enjoy running.Topic 3 Which sport will

17、 you take part in. 1. be ready for 为 预备 = prepare for 我总能在跑步中得到很大乐趣；Eg： We are ready for the final exam = We are preparing for the final exam 2. encourage 勉励 to + V Eg： We should encourage children to look after themselves. 3. take / do exercise 做锤炼 Eg： They often takes / does exercise in the mornin

18、g. 长大 4. group up Eg： What are you going to be when you grow up. bring up : 抚养 5. a symbol of 代表 = stand for Eg： .The.Tang.costume.stands.for.Chinese.fashion.culture.and.the.long.history.o f.China. The.Tang.costume is a symbol of Chinese.fashion.culture.and.the.long.history.of.China. 6. at least 至少

19、at most 至多Eg： We need at least another two days to finish the task. There are 1000 students in this school at most. 3 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 7. fill out + 名词“ 填好 ”fill + 名词 / 代词 +out 如: Please fill out this form. = Please fill this form out. 请填好这张表格 . Please fill it

20、/them out. 当宾语是代词时 , 只能放中间 请把它 们 填好 . 8. be afraid“ 唯恐”指有礼貌地、委婉地拒绝别人 . be afraid of“ 可怕 做 ”如: Im afraid I wont be free. 我唯恐没有空 . He is afraid of dogs. 他可怕狗 . They are afraid of losing the game. 他们可怕输了竞赛 . 9. may be “ 可能是 ” may 是情态动词 + be maybe “ 或许 ; 可能” maybe 是副词如: He may be a teacher. = Maybe he i

21、s a teacher. 他可能是一名老师 . He may know her name. = Maybe he knows her name. 他可能知道她的名字 . 10. between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者当中如: The answer is between A and B. 答案在 A 和 B 之间 . The winner is among of us. 获胜者在我们当中 . Unit 2 Keeping Healthy Topic 1 How are you feeling today. 1. 身体某个部位 + ache ,表身体某处疼痛；如: headache

22、头痛 backache 背痛 stomachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛2. medicine “ 药” （为不行数名词） pill “ 药片”（为可数名词）如: take some medicine 吃些药 take some cold pills 吃些感冒药3. with “ 含有 ” without “ 没有”Eg： hot tea with honey 加蜜的茶 coffee with sugar and milk 加糖和牛奶 mooncake with eggs 含鸡蛋的月饼 Chinese tea with nothing = Chinese tea without a

23、nything 中国清茶 Go to school without eating breakfast. 没吃早饭去上学；4. well 康复 well 是副词,修饰动词；作为形容词来用时,是“ 身体健康” 的意思；Eg： She dances well. well 是副词 Take care of you , youll be well soon. well 是形容词 good 是形容词,“ 好的” eg：He is a good boy. 5. You d better go to see a doctor. 你最好去看医生 see a doctor 看医生had better not do

24、 sth 最好（不）做某事Eg： Youd better ask your teacher for help You have a fever,Let s see a doctor. Your leg is hurt ,youd better not move. 6. have a rest 休息一下Eg:You look tired ,why not have a rest. 7. until “ 直到 为止” ; 句中动词一般为连续性动词not until“ 直到 才 ” ; 句中动词一般为短暂性动词如: He will wait for his father until ten oclo

25、ck. 他将等他父亲始终到 10 点为止 . He wont leave until his father comes . 直到他父亲来他才离开 . 4 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 8. plenty of“ 充分 ; 大量”既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不行数名词, 只用于确定句 , 相当于 a lot of / lots ofmany “ 很多”, 修饰可数名词 much “ 很多”, 修饰不行数名词如: You should drink plenty of /a lot of boiled water. 你应

26、当喝大量的开水 . You shouldnt drink so much water. 你不应当喝这么多水 . I have many/lots of/a lot of/plenty of books. 我有很多水 . Topic 2 I must ask him to give up smoking. 1. be good for对 有益 be bad for对 有害如: Swimming is good for health. 游泳对健康有益. Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 害. 2. enough adj. “ 足够的”在

27、剧烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有修饰名词时 , 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后. 但通常放在名词之前 如: I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work. 工作 . 我有足够的时间完成这项 There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物. adv. “ 足够地”修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面. 如: He is tall enough to reach the apple. 他足够高 , 能够得着苹果 . He speaks clearly enough. 他讲得足够清晰 . 3.

28、need “ 需要 , 必需”作实义动词 : need sth. 需要某物 need to do sth. 需要做某事如: I need some help. 我需要一些帮忙 . You need to see a doctor. 你需要去看医生 . He needs to take a bus. 他需要去搭车 . 作情态动词 : need + 动词原形如: If she wants anything, she only need ask. 她想要什么东西 , 只要开口就行了 . You neednt finish this work today. 你不必今日完成这项工作 . 4. too m

29、uch + 不行数名词 表“ 太多的 ” much too + 形容词 表“ 太 ” ,much 起加强语气作用如： Dont eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉；He is much too fat. 他实在太胖了；5. give up 舍弃Eg| ：In order to keep healthy,you must give up smoking and drinking. 6. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康. V-ing短语做主语 staying up （ late ）熬夜（到很晚）6. throw a

30、bout 乱扔Eg： We shouldn t throw litter about. 7. in public 公共的Eg： We shouldn t smoke in public. 8. more than 超过 less than 少于Eg： There are more than 1000 students in that school. I do morning exercise less than three times a week. 9. must “ 必需 , 肯定”如: We must study hard. 我们必需努力学习 . must 表示估计时一般用于确定句；在疑

31、问句和否定句中一般应用 can, 否定句中也可用功5 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - ay, 但 may not 表示“ 可能不”,而 cant表示“ 不行能”；4 ）否定句中, mustnt表示禁止,意为“ 不答应”；以 must 开头的疑问句,确定回答应用；must,而否定回答就常用neednt,neednt表示“ 不需要、不必”,相当于 dont have to如： Theres someone knocking on the door. It must he Jim. 有人敲门；确定是吉姆；Eg -Mus

32、t we keep the windows open all the time. -No, we dont have to. / No, we neednt. 留意回答时不能用No, we mustn t. * have to “ 不得不 , 必需”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而不得不做某事（可用于各种时态）如： It s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了 . 现在我得走了 . . I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱Topic 3 We should do to fight SARS.

33、 1. hurry up 赶快2. be on TV 上电视Eg： He is on TV 3. go ahead 向前走； 着手干Eg： Go ahead and you will find a bank. -Mr. Wang ,I want to ask you a question. -Go ahead. 4. build up 使强健Eg:We must do as much exercise as we can to build up our bodies. 5. take care of 照料 = look after Eg: The boy is too young to tak

34、e care of himself. = The boy is too young to look after himself. 6. Its my duty to save the patients. 挽救病人是我的职责；It s my duty to do sth 做 是我的责任Eg： It s our duty to keep the classroom clean. 7. on 通过,使用Eg： Now,more and more students learn English on Internet. 8. Long time no see. 好久不见；. school. 9. tal

35、k with sb. 表 “ 与 沟通” , 指 “ 与人公平地沟通、争论”talk to sb. 表示 “ 找某人谈话” , 在口语中常“ 批判某人”如: Jim s father is talking with the teacher. 吉姆的父亲正在和老师交谈 I will talk to him about his careless. 我要找他谈话 , 批判他的马虎大意. 10. teach oneself 自学 = learn by oneself Eg： His family is too poor to afford his education ,so he teach hims

36、elf after 11. enjoy oneself = have a good time 玩得兴奋12. help sb to do sth = help sb. with sth. 帮忙某人做某事如: I helped my mother cook at home. = I helped my mother with the cook at home. 我在家帮我母亲做饭. Unit3 Our Hobbies Topic 1 What hobbies did you use to have . 6 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - -

37、- - - - - - 1. What beautiful stamps.Page 53 哇,那么美丽的邮票！what 引导的感叹句（1）. What +aan形容词可数名词的单数形式主语十谓语！ What a beautiful girl she is！她是一个多么美丽的女孩呀！（2）. What 形容词可数名词的复数形式主语谓语！女日： What important jobs they have done！他们做了多么重要的工作呀！（3）. What 形容词不行数名词主语谓语！如： How sweet water it is！多甜的水呀！ how 引导的感叹句（1）. How 十形容词或副

38、词主语谓语！如： How interesting the dog is！多么好玩的狗呀！（2）. How 形容词 a/an 可数名词的单数形式主语谓语！如： How useful a subject they are learning！他们正在学的科目多么有用呀！（3）. How 主语谓语！如： How time flies！时间过得真快呀！技巧总结：从后往前划出主语、谓语,然后看前部的中心词,名词用 用 how；what ,形容词、副词2. We can learn a lot about people, places, history, and special times from sta

39、mps. Page 53 通过这些邮票我们可以学到很多关于人文、地理、历史和特殊时代的学问； a lot “ 很多、大量”,用在动词后,同very much ；如 : eg： She had told me a lot about how to learn English well. 另外, a lot of 和 lots of 的意思也是“ 很多、大量”,要用在名词前,在确定句中常代替 much,many；Eg：There are a lot of / lots of history books in the room. 屋里有很多历史书； There is still a lot of /

40、 lots of snow on top of the house.房上仍有很多雪； a lot of和 lots of之间没有多大区分,都可以与可数名词和不行数名词连用；与不行数名词连用时,动词用单数,与可数名词连用时,动词用复数；见上述例句；3. What things do you love collecting. Page 53 你喜爱集什么东西？love + doing 表示“ 喜爱、爱好”,也可以用 like+ doing 表示；如：1）I love listening to the music. 我爱好听音乐；5.I am interested in playing sports

41、. Page 54 我对运动感爱好； be interested in doing sth. “ 对 感爱好” 如 : I.am interested in reading books. 我对读书特殊感爱好； Jack is interested in football. 杰克对足球很感爱好；6.What do you often do in your spare time. 在你的业余时间里面你都做些什么啊？in one s spare time “ 在业余时间”“ 在闲暇之际”,也可用 in one s free time替换；如: eg： I shall do it in my spar

42、e time. In my free time I often go to the movies.我会在我的业余时间做这件事；在闲暇之际,我常去看电影；.7. I often go fishing. Page 55 我常常去钓鱼；go + doing 表示“ 去做某事”go +v-ing 结构很常用,多用于体育活动和业余消遣活动；如 : 7 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1Let s go fishing next Sunday.下星期天我们去钓鱼吧；2Are you going hiking this wee

43、kend.这个周末你准备去远足吗？另外仍有： go hunting 去打猎 .go shooting 去射击 .go swimming 去游泳go bathing 去沐浴 .go shopping 去购物 .go climbing 去爬山8.And I do a lot of reading. 我通常都是阅读一些书籍；在英语中有不少由“do + doing” 的结构,表示“ 干某事”；如：漫步 .do some walking . .do a lot of walking 读书 .do some.reading do a lot of reading 洗衣服 .do some.washing do a lot of washing 买东西 .do some shopping do a lot of s