2022年初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载中学英语被动语态深度讲解语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式, 用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系；所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的；语态有两种： 主动语态和被动语态； 主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态；如： They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them. （一） 被动语态的构成被动语态由 “助动词 be及物动词的过去分词 ”构成；人称、数和时态的变 化是通过 be的变化表现出来的； 现以 teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的

2、构成；1 一般现在时： amisaretaught She often watersthe flowers. The flowers are often watered by herEnglish is spoken by lots of people in the world 2 一般过去时： wasweretaught Was/were done We visited a form yesterday. A form was visited yesterday by us. the cup was broken by the boy. He was saved at last. My bi

3、ke was stolen, Some new computers were stolen last night. This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年 3 一般将来时： will shall betaught Am/ is /are going to be done She will plant some trees this week. some trees will be planted this week. our class is going to hold a party this morning. A party is go

4、ing to be held this evening by our class A new road will be built next year 4 现在进行时： amisare beingtaught 过去进行时： was/ were being done He is reading a novel. A novel is being read The problem was being discussed now The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 5 现在完成时： havehas beentaught 歌诀是

5、：被动语态 be 字变,过去分词跟后面 We have finished the work. The work has already been finished by us. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载+be+过去分词6 情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个学问点：情态动词 He can speak English English can be spoken by him We should plant more trees on the mountain More trees should be

6、 planted on the mountain You must finished your homework in time your homework must be finished finished in time （三）主动语态变被动语态的方法与留意事项歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾, by 短语后面跟；用；谓语动词变被动, be 后“过分”来使1 通常的方法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中 的谓语动词变为 “ be / get +过去分词 ” 形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的 宾语 如动作的执行者没有必要说明就可以省略该 by 短语 ；如：Li Lei

7、planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的；Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的；2 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时,应将宾语变为被动结构的主语,而 宾语的补足语就留在原处成为主语补足语；如：He painted the door green yesterday. 门被漆成绿色了；The door was painted green yeste

8、rday. 留意：表示 “使、让”的动词 make, have等,以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等,感官动词或使役动词的主动语态后跟不带to 不定式作宾语补足语,但变为被动语态时,须转为带to 不定式；如：I saw a bag drop from the bus. A bag was seen to drop from the bus. Mother made her baby sleep in her arms. The baby was made to sleep in her mothers arms

9、.I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. 观察他进入了老师办公室；We often hear her sing in the next room. She is often heard to sing in the next room. The boss made them work for 16 hours a day They were msde to work for 16 hours a days by the boss 3 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时,既可将

10、直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,而 在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语,而直接宾语留在动词之后；但一般采纳后一种用法；如：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year.The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的；He bought me a book 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载=a book was bought for me by

11、 him 直接宾语和间接宾语都可作被动语态的主语；如：Mr. Smith gave us a lecture. We were given a lecture by Mr. Smith.或 -A lecture was given by Mr. Smith.当句中含有 return, write, find, buy 等动词时,常把直接宾语转为被动语态的 主语,同时要留意介词的搭配；如：I returned him the book. The book was returned to him. （留意用 to）He wrote me a short note. A short note was

12、 written to me.留意用 to He found me an umbrella. An umbrella was found for me. 留意用 for I bought her some flowers. Some flowers were bought for her. （留意用 for）【说明】一般说来, 间接宾语前带 to 的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有：book, buy, call

13、, cook, do, get, make, save等；4 动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的 被动语态,常有两种结构形式；如：He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了；It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了；5 短语动词变被动语态时,短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略,短语动词应 当看作一个整体；如：She has neve

14、r been operated on before. 她从未动过手术；The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照料；His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的方案大家都嘲笑；We cant look down upon anybody. Anybody cant be looked down upon.The doorkeeper turns off the lights at 11 pm every day. The lights are turned off at 11 pm by the doo

15、rkeeper every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把 to do 变成 to be done （五）不用被动语态的情形 1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep

16、 silence, lose heart, take place. 如, After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词； raise, seat是及物动词；错 The price has been risen. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载对 The price has risen. 错 The accident was happened last week.对 The accide

17、nt happened last week. 错 The price has raised.对 The price has been raised. 错 Please seat.对 Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须留意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；积存；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意2）动词形式上是被动的,但实际上是 平常积存；“ 系动词 +表语 ” 结构,一般学习方法是靠如： He is seated at the desk. 他坐在桌旁；The boy was lost in the street. 男孩在街上迷路

18、了；The girl is dressed in a red skirt. 这个女孩穿着红裙子；He was drunk in the bar. 他在酒吧喝醉了；My dream is gone with the wind. 我的梦随风而去了；3）当 break, wash, sell, burn, read, clean, run, ride, wear, write, open, close 等动 词有状语修饰时,用主动形式表示被动意义；Glass breaks easily. 玻璃易碎；The cloth washes well. 这种布料很好洗；This new book sells

19、well. 新书很畅销；Dry wood burns easily. 干柴易燃；The letter reads as follows. 信的内容如下；The glass cleans easily. 这些杯子易洗；The new car runs well. 这辆新车跑得很正常；My new bike rides well. 我的新自行车很好骑；The shoes wear long. 这种鞋子很耐穿；The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很流畅；The shop opens at 9 am and closes at 9 pm4 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

20、fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 如,This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 5 系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get

21、, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good. The food looks nice but tastes bad . Your pikan sounds good. 6 带同源宾语的及物动词, 反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态： die, death, 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载dream, live, life She dreamed a bad dream last

22、 night. 7 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态；对 She likes to swim. 错 To swim is liked by her. 二、复习时需要留意的要点（1）由主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中 by 的宾语；（2）主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语时,转换方 法有两种：把间接宾语转化为主语,保留直接宾语把直接宾语转化为主语, 保留间接宾语； 此时,一般需在间接宾语前加适 当的介词；（3）在短语 see sb. do sth. 中,动词 see后

23、跟不带 to 的不定式作宾补；改为被动 语态时要加上 to；用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如 see, hear 等,以及使役动词 make, let等；小试 用括号中动词的适当形式填空；1. The Mid-Autumn Festival _celebrate in China.2. I _ ask by my mother not to touch the dog yesterday.3. Books of this kind _ sell very well. 4. Have you moved into the new house.Not yet, the room _ p

24、aint.5. The boy _ bring up in the countryside.6. A good job _ me last year. offer中学英语被动语态专项练习 1 The Peoples Republic of China _ on October 1, 1949. A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found 2 English _ in Canada.A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken 3 This English song_ by the

25、 girls after class. A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung 4 This kind of car _ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made 5 New computers _ all over the world. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have

26、 used 6 Our room must _ clean.A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep 7 -Id like to buy that coat.-Im sorry. _. A. it sold B. its selling C. Its been sold D. it had been sold 8A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building 9 The key _ on th

27、e table when I leave. A. was left B ill be left C. is left D. has been left 10 Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need 11 His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published 12 Japanese _ in every

28、 country. A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking 13 These papers _ yet. A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not writtenD. has not been written 14 The sports meet _ be held until next week. A. didnt B. wont C. isnt D. doesnt 15 -My shoes are worn out. A. Cant

29、 they be mended. C. How much do they cost. B. Let me have a look at it. D. Cant they mended. 16 _ the watch been repaired yet. I badly need it. A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are 17_ these desks be needed. A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do 18 Why _ to talk about it yesterday. A. didnt a meeting hold C. wasnt hel

30、d a meetingB. wasnt a meeting held D. a meeting wasnt held 19 Who was the book_. A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by 20 Where _ these boxes A. was B. were C. is D. am 21 The flowers _ often. A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water 22 The books may_ for two weeks. A.

31、be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow 名师归纳总结 23 The broken bike_ here by Mr Smith. 第 6 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended 24 The old bridge in my hometown_ next month. A.is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are goin

32、g to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt 25 The play _ at the theatre next Sunday. A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown 26 The old stone bridge _ next week. A.is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild 27Now these magazines_ in the lib

33、rary for a long time. A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept 28The pot _ for _ hot water. A.used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep 29Tea _ in the south of China. A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow 30 The bridges_ two years ag

34、o.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built 31 Wet clothes are often _ up near a fire in rainy weather. A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung 32 The river smells terrible. People must _ dirty things into it. A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throwD. stop from throwing

35、 C. fulling of D. filled 33 The teapot _ water. A. is filled with B. filled of 34Old people must be looked after well and _ politely. A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to 35 Old people must _. A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well 36 Newly-bor

36、n babies_in hospital. A. are taken good careB. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care 37 They were_ at the sudden noise. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens 38These walls_stone. C. are made intoD. made into A.are made ofB. made of 39 Jane _ to sing us an Amer

37、ican song last Saturday. A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载 40 The papers _ to them. A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown 41 The coat _her sister. A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to 42 I_ five

38、 minutes to decide whether I should go or not. A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given 43 Good care_such things. A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of 44She will_good care_. A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you 45The teache

39、r made him_ his homework. A. to doB. doC. didD. done 46 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days. A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean 47 These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to 48 These stones _ well. A. are fitted B. fit 49

40、 The bike _ 500 yuan. C. fit D. is fitted A. was costB. costedC. costD. is costed 50 The important meeting _ on a cold morning last year. A. was had B. was held C. held D. had 51 Great changes_ in the past ten years in China. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. hadtaken place 5

41、2 You cant use the computer, it_. A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down 53 Great changes_in our country during the past 20 years. A.have happenedB. happened C. brokenD. fell C. have been happenedD. were happened 55 The watch has often _ down. A. satB. lain 56 Please pass me ano

42、ther cup. This one_. A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken 57 The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing 58 What time _ the door _ every day. A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close 59 Can he_himself. A. get dr

43、ess B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of 60 He fell from his bike and _.A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载Key: 1. is celebrated 2. was asked 3. sell 4. is being painted 5. was brought up 6. was offered to1-5 BDDDC 21-25BADAA 610 BCBBC11-15AABBA16-20BABDB26-30ADBBC 31-35DBADD 36-40BBABA41-45CDDBB 名师归纳总结 46-50AAACB51-55DDACA56-60BCBCC 第 9 页,共 9 页- - - - - - -