2022年初中被动语态详细讲解.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载语法专练 - 被动语态一、语态概述我吃了一个苹果,那现在苹果怎样了?苹果被我吃了;正如汉语中的被字句,英语中的“被字句 ”我们称之为被动语态;英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态;英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的;主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;巧记为:主动、主动、主去动;谓语: speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的;例如: Many people speak English. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承担者,即行为动作的对象; 巧记为:被动、被动、主被动;例如:English is spoke
2、n by many people. 主语 English 是动词 speak 的承担者;例如: He opened the door. 他开了门; 主动句 The door was opened. 门被开了; 被动句 二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be及物动词的过去分词” 构成;不及物动词本身没有被动语态;及物动词 - 本身意义不完整,后必需带宾语,有些仍可以带双宾;不及物动词 - 本身意义完整,不需要带宾语,如带宾语必需通过介词;人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的;现以eat 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成;一般现在时: amis are eaten 一般过去时: was
3、wereeaten 一般将来时: will/shall/be going to be eaten 过去将来时: would/should/be going to beeaten 现在进行时: amis are beingeaten 过去进行时: was were being eaten 现在完成时: havehas been eaten 过去完成时: had been eaten 歌诀是:被动语态 be 字变,过去分词跟后面;三、被动语态的用法 1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁;例如: some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨
4、晚被盗了; 不知道电脑是谁偷的 This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年;(没有必要或说出出版者) 2 强调动作的承担者,而不强调动作的执行者;例如: The window was broken by mike. 窗户是迈克打破的; This book was written by Lunxun. 这本书是他写的; Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要; 3 为了更好地支配句子;每天 8 小时睡眠必需得到保证;动作承担者需强调,被动语态运
5、用到;例 The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语;be 的形式 ; 2把谓语变成被动结构be 过去分词 依据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原先主动语态句子中动词的时态来打算 3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格;例如: All the people laughed at him. - He was laughed at by all people. They ma
6、ke the bikes in the factory. -The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾,by 短语后面跟;谓语动词变被动,be 后“ 过分” 来使用;五、含有情态动词的被动语态名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载to 的情态动词变成被动含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“ 情态动词be过去分词” 构成,原先带语态后“to ” 仍要保留;歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be 加“ 过分” ;例如: we can repair
7、this watch in two days. -This watch can be repaired in two days. We must finish this work soon. -This work must be done soon. 六、主动语态变被动语态需要留意的几个问题 . (1)时态保持一样;I have repaired my computer.-My computer has been repaired. (2)谓语为动词短语的被动语态不能丢掉动词短语的介词或副词;His best friend often looks after him. -He is often
8、 looked after by his best friend. (3) 主动语态中如有双宾语 , 将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语 , 另一个宾语不变; 动词 make/buy/get 用 for;动词 give/send/lend/take 用 to Vivian gave me a book. 双宾语,人间物直, me 为间接宾语, a book 为直接宾语 - I was given a book by Vivian. -A book was given to me by Vivian.(直接宾语提前时,要在间接宾语前加介词)(4)主动语态如有复合宾语,(即句子结构为主及物动词宾宾补)
9、,将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语,宾补不变;They call him Louis. -He is called Louis. (5)当“ 动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语” 结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动;例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (6)主动语态句中动词 make, have, let 使 sb 做 sth, notice. see. watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel 等变成被动
10、语态时,后面的不定式需要加上 to. Mr. Lee made him wash the dishes. -He was made to wash the dishes. (7)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“ 动词介词” ,“ 动词副词” 等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开;其中的介词或副词也不能省略;例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. (8)非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 一般时态和完成时态 ;例 I dont like being laughed at in the p
11、ublic. (9)It is said that+ 从句及其他类似句型一些表示“ 据说” 或“ 信任” 的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It be过去分词 that 从句” 或“ 主语be过去分词 to do sth.” ;有:It is said that据说 ,It is reported that 据报道, It is believed that 大家信任,It is hoped that 大家期望, It is well known that 众所周知, It is thought
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