2022年名词性从句-定语从句-状语从句的用法及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载第一讲 名词性从句的用法名词性从句是由 if, whether, that 和各种疑问词（ what where how who however 等）充当连接词所引导的从句,其功同名词一样；连接词whether 是否 that 本身无词义 who, whom, whose which 哪一个 what 什么,所 的作用 只起连接词作用,引导从句,在从句中 不作任何成分 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语 在从句中分别作主语、宾语和定语when 什么时候, where 什么地方 how 怎样、怎么,

2、why 为什么一主语从句除了起连接词作用外,仍在从句中作状 语主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾；1. It 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句, 主要是为了平稳句子结构, 主语从句的连接词没有变化；而 it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that；被强调部分指人是也可用 who/whom；例如：It is a pity that you didn t go to see the film.It doesn t interest me whether y

3、ou succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 2. 用 it 作形式主语的结构1 It is 名词从句It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 特别荣幸It is common knowledge that 是常识2 it is 形容词从句It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 古怪的是 3 it is 不及物动词从句It seems that 似乎It

4、happened that 碰巧4 it 过去分词从句It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证明 3. 主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形1 if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；2 It is said , reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. right That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. wrong 3

5、It happens , It occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. right That he failed in the examination occurred to him. wrong 名师归纳总结 4 It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：第 1 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载It doesn t matter whether he is

6、 wro ng or not. right Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. wrong5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. right Is that will rain in the evening likely. wrong 4. What 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而 that 就不然；例如：1 What you said yesterday is

7、 right. 2 That she is still alive is a consolation. 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,1. 作动词的宾语通常放在主句谓语动词 （及物动词） 或介词之后；1 由 that 引导的宾语从句（ that 通常可以省略） ,例如：I heard that be joined the army. 2 由 what, whether if 引导的宾语从句,例如：1 She did not know what had happened. 2 I wonder whether you can change this note for me.

8、 3 动词间接宾语宾语从句；例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 2. 作介词的宾语 例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语例如： I am afraid that Ive made a mistake.That 引导的从句常跟在以下形容词后作宾语：Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surpri

9、sed, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等；也可以将此类词后的 that 从句的看作缘由状语从句；4. It 可以作为形式宾语It 不仅可以作为形式主语,仍可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 带复合宾语的句子中；例如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 5. 后边不能直接跟 that 从句的动词that 从句就放在句尾,特殊是在这类动词有 Allow, refuse, let, li

10、ke, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive 等；这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不行以用 I admire their winning the match. right I admire that they won the match. wrong 6. 不行用 that 从句作直接宾语的动词that 引导的宾语从句；例如：有些动词不行用于 “动词间接宾语 that 从句 “结构中,常见的有 Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, fo

11、rgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等；例如：He impressed the manager as an honest man. right He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. wrong 7. 否定的转移如主句谓语动词为 Think, consider, wuppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用确定式；例如：I don t think this

12、 dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿；）三表语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句 ”；可以接表语从句的连系动词有 be, look, remain, seem等；引导表语从句的 that 常可省略；另外,常用的仍有 the reason is that和 It is because 等结构；例如：1 The question is whether we can make goo

13、d preparation in such a short time. 2 This is why we cant get the support of the people3 But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4 The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句；1. 同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步说明,说明名词的详细内容,一般由that 引导,例如：1

14、The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开；例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分 1 定语从句中的 that 既

15、代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；2 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特点；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国；）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语）2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by

16、him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的；）（同位语从 句,that 在句中不作任何成分 名词性从句专项练习 35 题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard. A. that B. the fact which C. the fact that D. the fact 2. “ Is Mary from New York City”“ I dont know _.”A. from what city does she come from C. what city does she come from B. from what

17、city she come D. what city she comes from 3. _ makes mistakes must correct them. A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever 4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job. A. because I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got 5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. whil

18、e B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _. A. did he do that B. he did that C. he did D. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _. A. how he is getting along C. what he is getting along B. how is he getting along D. what is he getting along 8. It i

19、s generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 9. He asked me _ with me. 名师归纳总结 A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was 第 3 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - C. what was the matter 精品资料欢迎下载D. what trouble it is 10. I am s

20、ure _ he said is true. A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what 11. When and why he came here _ yet. A. is not known B. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee 12. I wonder how much _. A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs 13. Mary is _ someo

21、ne might recognize her. A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for 14._ is no reason for dismissing her. A. Because she was a few minutes late C. The fact that she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late 15. They came to the conclusion _ by a

22、computer. A. that not all things can be done C. being not all things can be done B. because of not all things be done D. because not all things can be done 16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless. A. for B. because C. since D. that 17. I dont doubt _ hell come

23、. A. that B. if C. what ”D. whether 18. “Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang”D. what room was it “Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the room B. which room C. what was the room 19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation. A. that B. which C. what D. of which 20. Mar

24、y: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house. Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _. A. what little she earns B. how little she earns C. for little she earns D. with little she earns 21. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well. A. That

25、 what B. What that C. That which D. What which22. We gave him _ help we could. A. which B. what C. that D. this 23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him. A. that B. which C. all what D. all that 24. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken

26、place C. when is the sports meet to begin 25. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes B. when is the sports meet going to be held D. when the sports meet is to take place B. how big shoes he wears D. what number shoes are his 26. This book will show you _

27、 can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed C. that you have observed B. how what you have observed D. how that you have observed 27. Where do you think _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - A. has he gone B. has he been 精品资料欢迎下载D. was he C. hes gone 28. Do you know

28、 _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the world C. how many the population of the world is D. what the population of the world is 29. Would you go and see _ outside A. what to take place C. what is happening B. what Tom has happened D. what the matter h

29、ad been 30. The subject of What is interesting is that I do not even know him. is_. A. what B. interesting C. What is interesting D. I 31. _ I think he is Charles. A. Who do you think he is C. Whom do you think he is B. Do you think who he is D. Do you think who he is 32. He didnt know which room _.

30、 A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in 33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him. A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what 34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be 35. My parents used _ they had to g

31、et a new car for me. A. which B. that C. what D. all what A. if B. that C. whether D. which 36. _ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good. A. If do B. That do C. If does D. That does37. _ was the idea _ the wife thought of A. What that B. That what C. How why D. Why how38. _ did he tell his wife

32、 _ he wished to do A. That what B. What that C. Where which D. Which where 39. One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that 40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work. A. if B. that ”C. whether D. which 41. “Do you know _ ” B

33、. who is his father “His father is a doctor.A. what is his father C. what his father is D. who his father is 42. Is this _ we met each other two years ago A. place B. place in which C. where D. place which 43. It _ Bob drives badly. A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought tha

34、t 44. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things. A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 45. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help. 名师归纳总结 A. if B. that C. what D. whether 第 5 页,共 16 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资

35、料 欢迎下载46. She asked _. A. what I was doing when she rang me up B. what was I doing when she rang me up C. when she rang me up what I was doing D. when did she ring me up what I was doing 47. May I borrow the ring You can take _ you like. A. no matter what B. which C. whichever D. that 48. He said th

36、at he was fond of _. A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful 49. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there. A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send 50. Do you know _ he expects will give us a talk A. who B. whom C. that

37、 D. whose 26-30.BCDCC 1-5.CDCDB 6-10.BABCD 11-15.ADCCA 16-20.DABCA 21-25.BBDDA 31-35.ABCDC 36-40.DABBC 41-45.CCDDD 46-50.ACBAA 其次讲定语从句一. 关系词的分类 1 关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、 宾语、表语和定语, 常用的关系代词有： that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词2 关系副词 在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有：when, where, why 二、 关系代词的基本用法和留意点1. 关系代词的基本用法关系代词指代的先行

38、词充当从句的成分who 人主语、宾语whom 人宾语which 物主语、宾语that 人或物主语、宾语、表语whose 人或物定语who, whom who 指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时,可省略；The man who I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略；The man whom I nodded to is Mr. Li. which which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时,可省略；These are the

39、 trees which were planted last year. This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan. that that 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语；作宾语时,可省略；A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man that I told you about. whose 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 16 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载whose指人或物 , 在定语从句中作定语；不行省略；Thi

40、s is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake. We live in a house whose windows face south. 2. 关系代词用法留意点 1只能用 that 不能用 which 的 5 种情形 当先行词中有人又有物时；如：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about. 当先行词为不定代词 all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, noth

41、ing, nobody, none等时；如：This is all that I want from the school. 当先行词被 only, just, very, right, last等修饰时；如：This is the very book that I am looking for these days. 当先行词被最高级修饰时；如：The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. 当先行词被序数词修饰时；如：The first lesson that I learned will nev

42、er be forgotten. 2用 who不用 that 的情形 2 that 和 who 都可以指人,但下面两种情形,多用 who；先行词为 all, anyone, one, ones等时；如：All who heard the news were excited. 先行词为 those, he和 people时；如：Those does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. who want to go please sign your names here. He who 3whose引导的定语从句留意点 whose引导定语从句,其

43、后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语； whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语；如：The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消 息； whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物；whose的先行词指物时,可用of which 代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词 = the+名词 +of which ,或= of which + the + 名词；如：The novel whose title = the title of which 或 of which the title is Red and Black is very interesting. whose的先行词指人时,可用of whom 代替,但语序不同,即whose+名词 = the+名词 +of whom ,或= of whom + the + 名词；如：The boy whose mother = the mother of whom或 of whom the mother is a doctor is my friend 4从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一样 4 关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必需与先行词保持一