2022年外研社高一英语必修的语法知识总结及练习题.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 一、一般现在时一般现在时表示常常性、习惯性的动作, 或表示现在的特点、状态；当主语是非第三人称单数时,行为动词要发生相应的变化；一般现在时的用法及特点 : 1）、表示常常或者反复发生的动作. 如 : 我每天吃午饭 . I have lunch every day. 2）、仍表示现在存在的一种状态. 如：我姐姐是一位老师My sister is a teacher. 3）、客观真理, 客观存在, 科学事实； 例如：The earth moves around the sun.地球围着太阳转；4）、一般现在时态常常与 often（常常） somet

2、imes（有时） always（总是） usually（通常）等频率词连用, 也常常与 every day（每天） , every week（每周） , every month（每月） , every term（每学期） , every year（每年） , once a week （一周一次） ,twice a year（一年两次）等表示时间的词连用；5、第三人称单数问题一般现在时中,当主语是第三人称单数时,即常在动词原形后加-s 或-es；1、当主语不是第三人称单数时,结构是：确定句 : 主语行为动词原形其他 We speak Chinese. 否定句 : 主语 dont行为动词原形其他

3、We dont speak Chinese.一般疑问句： Do主语行为动词原形其他？确定回答： Yes,主语 do Yes, we do. Do you speak Chinese. 否定回答：No,主语 dont No, we dont.2、当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词不能用原形了,而是要相应的变化,其变化规章是：动词原形变第三人称单数的规章与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同,请仔细观看；1）、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为z；如：stopstops s ; make makes s readreads z ; play plays z 2）、以辅音字

4、母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为 “i ”,然后在加 “es”读iz 如：fly flies z ； carrycarries z studystudies z; worry worries 3）、以 “s, x, ch, sh 结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为 iz 如：teachteaches iz; watch watches iz 4）、以 “o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读 z 如：go goes z dodoes z 其结构是：确定句：主语 +动词的第三人称单数+其他He speaks English. 否定句：主语 +doesnt+动词原形 +其他 一般疑问句： Does +主语

5、 +动词原形 +其他 . He doesnt speak English. Does he speak English. 确定回答：Yes,主语 does. Yes, he does. 否定回答：No,主语 doesnt. No, he doesnt. 练习题：名师归纳总结 work watch clean write teach wash play read 第 1 页,共 19 页do fly study go drink cry have sit Swim make run carry leave arrive jump come Speak wear walk buy help pac

6、k take talk tell know look love live eat want say - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1. He_ TV every evening. watch 2. We always _ to school on foot. go 3. Tom, with his classmates, often _ football after school. play 4. Your shoes _ under the bed. be 5. _ here and _ by me. come, stand 6. His unc

7、le usually _ to work by bus. go 7. I always _ up at six in the morning.get 8. John _ like his father. look 布莱克太太常常在英语上帮忙我们；Mrs. black often _ us _ our english . 用词的适当形式填空；1.What time_ his father_do the work. 2.He _get up at five o clock. 3._you_brush your teeth every morning. 4.What _ do he usually

8、_ do after school. 5.Tom _ study English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school. 6. Kitty sometimes _go to the park with his sister. 7.At eight at night, she _ watch TV with her parents. 8._Mike_ read English every day. 9.How many lessons_ your classmates_ have on Monday. 10.We often_ play footb

9、all in the playground. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三挑选 1. _ you have a book. A. Do B. Are C. Is D. Have 2. They _ on a farm. A. working B. is work C. work D. is worked 3. Does Peter like to watch TV._. A. Yes, he like B. No, he doesn t C. Yes, he d like D. No, he likes 4

10、. She doesn t _ her homework in the afternoon. A. doing B. to do C. does D. do 5. How _ Mr. Brown _ to America. A. do,go B. is,go C. does,go D. does,goes 6. Where s my camera. I_ it. A. am not finding B. am not seeing C. can t find D. can t look at 7. How_ he go to work. He _ to work by bike. 名师归纳总结

11、 A. does ;goB. do;goesC. do ;goD. does;goes 第 3 页,共 19 页8. _ you usually late for school. No, _. A. Do ; I amB. Does ;notC. Are ; I m notD. Are ; I aren t 9. _ she _ home at six every day. A. Is , leaveB. Does , leaveC. Is , leavesD. Does , left 10. Mr. Yang _ English this term. - - - - - - -精选学习资料

12、- - - - - - - - - A. teaches ourB. teaches usC. teachs usD. teach our 填空题 1.Let him _playbasketball. 2.Everyone_knowwhat he really like. 3.Tose girls_bemy sister. 4.That girl_callme evety Sunday. 5.How_doshe_spellthe word. 用括号里面的词的适当形式填空1. The desk _havefour legs. 2. She _ do her homework every day.

13、 3. “ This problem is easy, ” _ say Ann. 4. He _ live in Shijiazhuang. 5. He _ need a pair of shoes. 6. Does Danny_ see the apple tree. 7. She_ come from America. 8. The girl _ look out of the window and sees many birds in the sky. 9. Jenny runs home and_ sit on the chair. 10. The train_ leave at 10

14、:13 in the morning. 11. That hat _ look like a cat. 12. Danny _ hurt his nose. 13. Danny_ fall and breaks his tail. 14. Danny and her mother sometimes _ go for a walk after supper. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 15. My mother _ walk to the office every day. 5、用括号里所给词的适当形式,写

15、出以下句子的否定句；1.The desk _ _ havefour legs. 2. She _ _ do her homework every day. 3. Danny_ _ fall and breaks his tail. 4. He _ _ live in Shijiazhuang. 5. He _ _ need a pair of shoes. 6. Danny_ _ see the apple tree. 7. She_ _ come from America. 8. My mother and father_ _ walk to the office every day. 9.

16、 Danny and her mother sometimes _ _ go for a walk after supper. 10. The train_ _ leave at 10:13 am. 11. That hat _ _ look like a cat. 12. Danny _ _ hurt his nose. 二、现在进行时现在进行时表示动作发生的时间是“现在 ” ,动作目前的状态是“ 正在进行中 ”；所谓 “正在进行中 ”,是指在说话时动作正在进行中；现在进行时的构成是 :主语 +be+v.ing现在分词形式第一人称 单数 I+am+doing+Sth. 第一人称 复 数 We

17、+are+doing +Sth. 其次人称单 复 数 You+are+doing+Sth. 第三人称单数 He（She,it）+is+doing+Sth. 第三人称复数 They+are+doing +Sth. 确定句 :主语 +be（is/am/are）+现在分词否定句：主语 +be（is/am/are）+not+ 现在分词一般疑问句 :be（is/am/are）+主语 +现在分词 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +相应 be 动词 +主语 +现在分词 +Sth. 变化规章1.直接 + ing 例： sleep+ing sleeping 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19

18、页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.去掉不发音的 e+ing例： bite-e+ing biting 3.重读闭音节,且末尾只有 1个 辅音字母,双写辅音字母 +ing 例： sit sitting beginning, getting,putting run - running stop - stopping cut - cutting control - controlling 4.特别变化： die-dying,lie-lying ,tie-tying 现在进行时的基本用法：A 表示现在 指说话人说话时 正在发生的事情；例：We are waiting for you

19、. B . 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行；例： Mr. Green is writing another novel. 说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态； 例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith. C.已经确定或支配好的 将来 活动,表示将要发生的动作,一般跟时间状语,说明动作发生的时间；常见的动词有：come、go、begin、leave、start 等短暂性动词；Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week. （已经支配了）were flying to Paris tomorrow.

20、票已经拿到了） D、现在进行时可与 always constantly continually等副词连用, 表示一种感情颜色； She is always singing in her room. 她老是在她房间里唱歌 （厌恶的感情；可用来表示现在进行时的时间状语,常用的有： now, this week, at this moment 等；或者告诉你一个精确的现在时间,或者用look, listen 提示听者留意正在发生的事；例如：They are playing basketball now. 现在他们正在打篮球；Listen. She is singing an English song

21、. 听,她正在唱英语歌；Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图那些孩子正在公园放风筝；We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型；Its 6:30 now. I am getting up. 现在是 6：30.我正在起床；I. 用括号中动词的适当形式填空：1. My parents _ _（watch ）TV now. 2. Look. Three boys _（run ） . 3. What _ _ your mother _ （do ）no

22、w. 4. Are_ your dog _ _ now. （sleep ）5. _ you _ _ _（listen ）to music. Yes, I am. 6. Look, Miss Chen _ _ football.（play ）7. Tom and his sister _ _（wait ）for you over there. 名师归纳总结 8. Now Class 3 and Class 4_ _ _ （have ）a test. 第 6 页,共 19 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 9. Listen, someone _ _（s

23、ing ）in the classroom. 10.Where is Zhang Yan. She _ _ （talk）with her teacher in the teacher s office. II. 挑选填空：（）1. Who _ over there now. A. singing B. are sing C. is singing （）2. It s nine ten. The students _ a music class. A. have B. having C. are having （）3. Listen. The boy _. A. crying B. is cry

24、ing C. cries （）4. Don t talk here. Grandparents _. A. sleep B. is sleeping C. are sleeping （）5. Is the man _ tea or milk. A. drinks B. drink C. drinking III. 按要求进行句型转换：1. Look. Lily is dancing. （改为一般疑问句）_ _ _ 2. Kate is looking for her watch.（改为否定句）_ 3. Mrs White is watching TV.（对划线部分提问）_ Mrs White

25、_ 4. I am doing homework.（改为否定句）_ 5. They are waiting for you at the library.（就划线部分提问）_ _they_ IV. 依据中文提示完成句子：1. 小花不是在写作业,她在画画；Xiao Hua _ _ homework _ pictures. 2. 今日李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙；Miss Li _ _ a red dress today. 3. 你爷爷在看报纸吗？_ _ your grandpa _ _ the newspaper. 4. Tom 和 Jim 在做什么？_What _ Tom and Jim _ _

26、. 5. 他们是在打篮球仍是在打排球？_ _ they _ _ basketball _ _ volleyball. 6. 孩子们在干什么？他们在唱歌、跳舞；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - _the children _. They _ _ _ _ and _. 7. 你喜爱跑步吗？不；_ you _like _ _ . No, I_ _. V. 改错：1. People like swim in summer.（）_ _ 2. He is go to the park with his mom. （）_ 3.

27、Are you listen to me.（）_ 4. I am not writing a letter.（）_ 5. Does she still helping Li Ling.（）_ VI. 将以下句子译成英语：1. 在这张照片中,我的小弟弟在吃冰淇淋；_ 2. 你在等谁？_ 3. 现在,他们在打篮球吗？_ 4. 我正在打扫教室；_ 5. 那个男孩不是在弹吉它；_ 三、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；行为；过去主语所具备的才能和性格；过去习惯性、常常性的动作、基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式was/were+not;一般疑问句was/were+主语 +

28、其他；在行为动词前加 句 Did+主语+do+其他；1 Be 动词的一般过去时态 . didnt,同时仍原行为动词；一般疑问在没有实义动词的句子中使用 be动词,am/ is 的过去式为 was; are的过去式为 were. 构成：确定句：主语 +was were +表语 如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了；）否定句：主语 +was were +not+表语 如：We werent late yesterday. 我们昨天没迟到 疑问句： Was Were +主语 +表语 如：Were you ill yesterday. （你昨天病了吗？）确定回答：Yes, I

29、 was. 是的,我病了； 否定句：No, I wasnt. 不,我没病； 特别疑问句：特别疑问词 +was were +主语 +表语如： When were you born. 你是什么时候出名师归纳总结 生的？2 实义动词的一般过去时态确定句要使用动词的过去式, 否第 8 页,共 19 页定句和疑问句要使用助动词do 和 does 的过去式did. 确定句为：主语 +动词过去式 +宾语如： I went home at nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家；）否定句：主语 +didnt +动词原形 +宾语如： I didnt go home - - - - -

30、- -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - yesterday. 我昨天没回家； 疑问句： Did + 主语+动词原形 +宾语 如：Did you go home yesterday. 你昨天回家了吗？ 确定回答：Yes, I did. 是的,我回了； 否定回答： No, I didnt. 不,我没回家； 3 助动词和情 态 动 词 过 去 式 如 下 ：shall should（ 将 要 ） 用 于 第 一 人 称 单 数willwould（将要）用于全部人称 cancould（能,会）maymight （可以） mustmust （必需）have to had to（不得不）助

31、动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词仍使用原形；如： I had to do my homework yesterday. 昨天我不得不做作业； 时间状语 :Ago（two hours ago（一段时间 +ago）, yesterday句子开头或结尾） , the day before yesterday, last week,lastyear, night, month , 详细时间（如 Jan.fourth, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time 很久以前 , and so on,thi

32、s morning.long long ago. 动词变化规章规章变化：1.直接加 ed：work worked look looked play played, 2.以 e 结尾的单词,直接加 d：live lived hope hoped use used, 3 以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 加 ed：study studied carry carried worry worried, 4以元音字母 +y 结尾的,直接加 ed：enjoy enjoyed 5 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最终的辅音字母 +ed： stop stopped plan planned 口诀一般过去时并不难

33、,表示过去动作、状态记心间；动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站；否定句很简洁, didnt 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变；一般疑问句也好变, did 放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站；特别疑问句也简洁,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间；最终一条请留意,动词过去式要牢记；练习题：一、句型转换 1. The children had a good time in the park. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 对划线部分提问：_ 2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 对划线部分提问：_ 3.

34、Ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 对划线部分提问：_ 4. Last week I read an English book. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 确定 / 否定回答： _ 对划线部分提问：_ 5. My brother was in the park just now. 否定句： _ 一般疑问句： _ 对划线部分提问：_ 二、写出以下动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式形式 go _ _ enjo

35、y _ _ buy _ _ eat _ _ get _ _ walk _ _ take _ _ dance _ _ write _ _ run _ _ swim _ _ find _ _ begin _ _ eat _ _ play _ _ study _ _ 三、用所给词的适当形式填空；1. Tom and Mary _ come to China last month. 2. Mike _not go to bed until 12 oclock last night. So he _ get up late. 3. Mary _ read English yesterday mornin

36、g. 4. Tom _ begin to learn Chinese last year. 5. My mother _ not do housework yesterday. 6. There _ a telephone call for you just now. be 7. -When _ you _ come to china. -Last year. 8. _ be it cold in your city yesterday. 9. How many people _ be there in your class last term. 10. There _ be a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _