2022年定语从句之关系代词.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料I 欢迎下载定语从句关系代词定义：在复合句中修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫做 定语从句 ；基本构成： 先行词 +关系间 +定语从句 ；先行词：它所修饰的名词或代词叫做 先行词 ；关系词：连接先行同和定语从句的词叫 关系词 ；关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句,中充当肯定的句子成分；同时指代先行词, 并在定语从句分类： 限制性 定语从句和 非限制性 定语从句两种；引导定语从句的关系词有两类：关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 等,关系副词 有 when, where, why 等；关系代词的详细用法见下

2、表：关系代词指代的先行词在从句中所作的成分who 指人主语、宾语、表语whom 指人宾语whose 指人或物定语which 指物主语、宾语、表语that 指人或物主语、宾语、表语一、关系代词的用法1.who 指人,在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语；Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 想见你的那个女孩过来了；作主语 Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins. 名师归纳总结 丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人；作宾语 第 1 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - -

3、- - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2.whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略,也可用 who 代替；Rose is the person who/whom you should care about. 罗丝是你应当关怀的人；作宾语 3.whose可修饰人,也可修饰物,表所属 关系, whose 在定语从句中作定语；I know the person whose house was destroyed in the earthquake. 我熟悉那个人,他的房子在地震中被摧残了；作定语 4.which 指事物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略；China is a countr

4、y which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家；5.that 既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省 略；习惯上指人多用 who, whom,指物多用 which. The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100 万； that 指人,作主语 The suitcase that lies on the ground is hers. 地上放的那个手提箱是她的；that 指物,作主语 误

5、区警示1 关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语,因此定语从句中不能再显现关系代词所替代的名词或代词；译 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影特别吓人；误 The film that/which we saw it last night is very frightening. 正 The film that/which we saw last night is very frightening. 2 关系代词在从句中作主语时不能省略,作宾语时可以省略；Is that the girl whom/who/that you spoke of the other day. 名师归纳总结 -

6、- - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 那就是你前几天所提到的女孩吗精品资料欢迎下载. 二、只能用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句的情形1.先行词被 序数词 或形容词最高级 修饰时；This is the most delicious food that I have ever had,这是我吃过的最美味的食品；2.先行词是不定代词,如 等时；all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nothing, none有关这个专题的任何资料都请寄给我们；All that can be d

7、one has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了；3.先行词被 all, any, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时；Please send us any information that you have about the subject. The only thing that she could do was go to the police for help. 她唯独能做的事就是去求助警察；学法点拨： 以上三种情形有一个共同特点, 就是先行词或先行词之前的修饰词 往往带有“ 唯独 ”或者“ 全部 ”概念,以致无法作出挑选

8、；由于关系代词 which 也是疑问代词,表示“ 哪一个”,含有挑选意味,所以,用 that 引导万无一失；4.有两个或两个以上先行词,既指人又指物时；Sometimes we should ignore the persons and thingsthat upset us. 有时,我们不应当理睬让我们不快的人和事；5.当主句是以 who, which 开头的特别疑问句时；Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing. 你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用 . 三、只能用 which 而不用 that 引

9、导定语从句的情形名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载1.引导非限制性定语从句时；Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. 足球,一项特别好玩的运动,在全世界得到了普及；2.当关系代词前有介词时；This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived,这就是莫言曾经住过的房子；3.当先行间本身就是 that 时；That which you told him abo

10、ut is what we want to know. 你告知他的事情就是我们想知道的；4.在限制性定语从句中,假如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系间是 that,那么 另一句的关系词就需用 which. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open. 让我给你看看我从新开放的图书馆借来的小说；四、只能用 who 而不用 that 引导定语从句的情形1.先行词是指人的不定代词时,如 等；one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, noneTh

11、e students you should learn from are those who graduate from top universities. 你应当学习的是那些从名牌高校毕业的同学；2.在 There be结构中,先行词指人时；There is a young lady who is in a state of shock. 有位年轻女士休克了；3.一个句子中带有两个定语从句时,其中一个定语从句的关系代词是 that,另一 个宜用 who.指人时 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies ve

12、ry hard. 昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习特别努力的组长；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载误区警示 1 关系代词或关系副词的挑选有两个原就：一是看先行词是人仍是物；二是看关系词代替先行词在从句中作什么成分；如关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语,就选关系代词如在从句中作状语,就选关系 副词；Well remember those days that/which we spent together. 作宾语 Well remember those days when we pla

13、yed by the sea. 作状语 2 关系代词在从句中作主语时, 依据先行词的单复数打算从句谓语动词的单复 数；He is the only one of the students who has a good command of French. the only one 为先行词 He is one of the students who have a good command of French. students为先行词 五. as引导定语从句1.as用作关系代词, 既可指人,也可指物；在定语从句中可作主语、 宾语或表语；它常用在 the same.as.,such.as.,as

14、.as 等句型中, as不能省略；Such teachers as know Tom think him very bright. 熟悉汤姆的老师都认为他很聪慧；Ill buy the same dictionary as you have. 我要买和你的一样的词典；误区警示：当先行词被such, the same修饰时,也可用that 引导定语从句,但指同一物,而不是同一类；This is the same bike that I lost two months ago. 这就是两个月前我丢的那辆自行车；同一辆自行车 比较 This is the same bike as I lost tw

15、o months ago. 这辆自行车跟我两个月前丢的那辆自行车一样；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2.as引导非限制性定语从句,代替整个主句的内容；从句可放在主句前、主句后 或主句中间；As you know, she is a stubborn girl, and I cant persuade her to change her mind. 你知道,她是一个倔强的女孩,我不能说服她转变想法；My grandfather is fond of talking about the good o

16、ld days, as is often the case with old people,我爷爷喜爱谈论过去的美好时间,这种情形在老年人中较为常见；学法点拨： as引导非限制性定语从句常用的固定表达：as we all know众所周知 as you see如你所见 as often happens正如常常发生的 as has been said before如前所述 as can be seen正如所见as is well known 众所周知 as we expect正如我们预料的那样 as can remember正如我所记得的 as is/was expected正如预料的那样 as is often the case情形常常是这样名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页