2022年初中英语各年级知识点总结.docx
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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初一英语语法虽然是从简洁的一些日常用语动身的,但语法中常会有一些学问点看起来很细小,简洁被忽视,但这 些学问点把握不娴熟,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误;因此在学习初一英语语法时,要仔细、细心,不要觉得 一些地方不重要而得过且过;下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,假如要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一 下,一、初一英语语法词法 今日讲的内容 1、名词 A)、名词的数 我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不行数名词,而不行数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加 s;如: fathers, books, Ame
2、ricans, Germans, apples, bananas 二) x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es;如: boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三) 1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es 如: baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s;如: day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-k
3、eys, ways 四)以 o 结尾加 s(外来词);如: radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es:如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯五)以f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加ess;如: knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts,
4、shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察 , class班,同学 , family 家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词;如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但假如是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数就同时为复数;如:man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同;如:fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类
5、, paper 纸 papers 报纸,卷子,论文, work 工作 works 作品,工厂 , glass 玻璃 glasses玻璃杯, 眼镜 , orange 桔子水 时间 times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡oranges 橙子 , light 光线 lights 灯, people 人 peoples 民族 , time十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s;如:Is I s, Ks K s;但如是缩略词就只加s;如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十 二 )特 殊 形 式 的 有 : child-children, man-men,
6、 woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用全部格形式;构成如下:一)单数在后面加s;如: brother s, Mikes, teachers 二)复数以 s 结尾的直接在 s 后加 ,假如不是以 s 结尾的与单数一样处理;如:TeachersDay 老师节 , classmates ; Childrens Day 六一节 , Womens Day妇女节三)由 and 并列的名词全部时,假如是共同全部同一人或物时,只加最
7、终一个s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理;如: Mike and Ben s room 迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mikes and Bens rooms 迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)2、代词项目 人称代词 物主代词 指示代词 反身代词人称 主格 宾格 形容词 名词性第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 其次人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself he him
8、 his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数 they them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词A) 第三人称单数名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应当像名词的单数复数那样加 s,如下:一)一般在词后加 s;如: comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es;如: watch
9、es, washes, wishes, finishes 三) 1)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 再加 es;如: study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加 y 结尾的直接加 s;如: plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以 o 结尾加 es;如: does, goes 五)特别的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一)一般在后加 ing;如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-
10、seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing 二)以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e 再加 ing;如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母(留意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing )要双写最终的辅音字母再加 ing;如: put-putting, run
11、-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以 ie 结尾的变 ie 为 y 再加 ing;如: tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,就要使用比较或最高级形式;构成如下:一) 一般在词后加er 或 est假如是以 e 结尾就直接加r 或 st;如:greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二
12、)以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est ;如: big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三) 以辅音字母 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加 er/est ;如: happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly, busy-busier busiest, ea
13、sy-easier easiest 四)特别情形:两好多坏,一少老远 good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词 基变序,有规章;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接 th ;y 结尾,变为 i, eth 跟上去; first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelf
14、th; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句确定陈述句 a This is a book. be 动词 b He looks very young. 连系动词 c I want a sweat like this. 实义动词 d I can bring some things to school. 情态动词 e Theres a computer on my desk. There be 结构 t find her dol
15、l.否定陈述句a These arent their books. b They don t look nice. c Kate doesnt go to No. 4 Middle School. d Kate cane There isnt a cat here. =Theres no cat here.2. 祈使句确定祈使句a Please go and ask the man. b Lets learn English. c Come in, please. 否定祈使句a Dont be late. b Don t hurry. 3. 疑问句1 一般疑问句 a Is Jim a stud
16、ent. b Can I help you. c Does she like salad. d Do they watch TV. e Is she reading. 确定回答 : a Yes, he is. b Yes, you can. c Yes, she does. d Yes, they do. e Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a No, he isnt. b No, you can t. c No, she doesnt. d No, they don t. e No, she isnt. 第 2 页,共 17 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 -
17、 - - - - - - - - 2 挑选疑问句Is the table big or small. 回答Its big./ It s small. 3 特别疑问句 问年龄 How old is Lucy. She is twelve. 问种类 What kind of movies do you like. I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况 How is your uncle. He is well/fine. 问方式 How do/can you spell it. L-double O-K. How do we contact you. M
18、y e-mail address is cindyjones. 问缘由 Why do you want to join the club. 问时间 What s the time. =What time is it. It s a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usual ly get up, Rick. At five oclock.When do you want to go. Lets go at 7:00. 问地方 Where s my backpack. Its under the table. 问颜色 What color are the
19、y. They are light blue. Whats your favourite color. Its black. 问人物 Whos that. It s my sister. Who is the boy in blue. My brother. Who isn t at school. Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to. 问东西What s this/that in English. It s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture. I can see s
20、ome broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers. 11 问姓名 Whats your aunts name. Her name is Helen./Shes Helen. Whats your first name. My first names Ben.Whats your family name. My family names Smith.12 问哪一个 Which do you like. I like one in the box. 13 问字母 What letter is it. It s big D/small f. 14 问价格 How m
21、uch are these pants. They re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码 What s your phone number. It s 576-8349. 16 问谓语 动作 Whats he doing. Hes watching TV. 17 问职业 身份 What do you do. I m a teacher. Whats your father. Hes a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、常常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:Be 动词: Shes a worker. Is she a worker. She isnt
22、 a worker. 情态动词: I can play the piano. Can you play the piano. I can t play the piano. 行为动词: They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes. They dont want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch. Gina doesnt have a watch.2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时
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