2022年定语从句练习题带答案.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载 的表示；定语一 定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语；汉语中常用主要由形容词担任；此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语；a beautiful city; a bag full of money. 留意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语就不然,是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,句就放在被修饰词的后面,如是两个以上的词组、短语或从thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from A

2、merica Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后；2先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词

3、或代词叫先行词；3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有关系代词和关系副词；关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, why. 1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red. 先行词关系代词2.I like some friends. Some friends like sports. I like friends who like sports. 先行词 关系代词3.I like music. The music

4、is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet. A、引导定语从句,连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语先行词关系代词关系词通常有以下三个作用：从句中担当一个成分；（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人,在定语从句中作主语；The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old m

5、an who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2 whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常 可省略；Mr Liu is the person whom you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy whom I want to see. The professor whom you are waiting for has come. The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor. 留

6、意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略；The man whom / who you met just now is my old friend. 3Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语常常可省略；Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen which he

7、bought yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载The film which they went to see last night was not interesting at all. ；4That 即可指人,也可指物.；在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语常常可省略；The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man th

8、at / whom I saw this morning. The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after spring is summer. Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 5Whose 即可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语；I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He h

9、as a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 留意：指物时,常用以下结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow. Do you like the book the c

10、over of which is yellow. （一）限制性定语从句中只能用 that 引导定语从句的情形1当先行词是 everything, anything, nothing something 除外 , all, none, few, little, some 等不 定代词时,或当先行词受 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等不定代词修饰时；如：Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said. There seems to be nothing that is impossible

11、to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. ；There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who,如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invited to

12、her wedding were important people. 2当先行词被序数词修饰时；如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；如：This is the best film that I have ever seen. 4当先行词被 the very, the only 修饰时；如：This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is th

13、e only thing that he owns. 留意：当先行词指人时,有时也可用关系代词 who；如：Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. who, which 等疑问代词时；如：5当先行词前面有 Who is the man that is standing by the gate. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most. 6当先行词为人与物时；如：They talked about the persons and things that th

14、ey remembered at school （三）关系副词引导的定语从句1when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语；当先行词是表时间的名词,比如 time, day, week, month, year 等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when. 如先行词是表时间的名词,定语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 中缺主语或宾语时,用精品资料欢迎下载that/which 引导；I still remember the day when I first came to this school. The time whe

15、n we got together finally arrived. Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandpare ？Do you remember the days（that/which ） we spent together last year. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / which we spent to

16、gether. 2where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语；如先行词是表地点的名词,比如 park, city, farm, place 等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用 where. 如先行词是表地点的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用 that/which 引导；Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我诞生的城市；The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . Shan

17、ghai is the city which/that I want to visit. I know a place where we can have a picnic. I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 3 why 指缘由, 在定语从句中作缘由状语；如先行词是 reason; 且定语从句中缺缘由状语时,用 why 引导；如先行词是 reason,定语从句中缺主语或宾语,用 which/that 引导；Please tell me the reason why you misse

18、d the plane. I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 引导的定语从句来表示；如：I didnt believe the reason that/which he explained to me 留意：关系副词引导的定语从句常常可以用“ 介词 +关系代词”From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. Great c

19、hanges are taking place in the city where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear. （四）“ 介词 +关系代词 which/whom ” 引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“ 介词+关系代词” 引出；The school which / that he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is

20、 very famous. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine which / th at you asked for. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked. This is the boy whom / who / that I played tennis with yesterday. This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. Wewhom / who / that we have often talk

21、ed about. ll go to hear the famous singer Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 留意： 含

22、有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面；如：look for, look after, take care of 等；This is the watch which / that I am looking for. 正 This is the watch for which I am looking . 误 The babies whom / who / that the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 正 The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.

23、 （误）如介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom ,不行用 who, that ；关系代词指名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 物时只可用精品资料欢迎下载正 which ,不行用 that ；The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. 误 The plane in which we flew to Canada was re

24、ally comfortable. Canada was really comfortable. 误 正 The plane in that we flew to “ 介词 +关系代词” 前仍可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词；如：He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad

25、. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. 留意事项 :如何判定 关系代词和关系副词 方法一：用关系代词,仍是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词；不及物动词后面无宾 语,就必需要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语,就要求用关系代 词；例如： This is the mountain village whe

26、re I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.判定改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出；）（错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对）This is the mountain village which I visited last year.（对）Ill n

27、ever forget the days which I spent in the countryside.方法二：精确判定先行词在定语从句中的成分 主、谓、宾、定、状 ,也能正确挑选出关 系代词 /关系副词；例 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago.C. on which D. the one A. where B. that 例 2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. thatC. on whichD. the one 答案：挑选关系代词关系词的挑选依据在

28、从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,who, whom, that, which, whose ；先行词在从句中做状语时,应挑选关系副词 where 地点状语, when 时间状语, why 缘由状语 ；（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“ , ” 与主句隔开；意义上：是先行词不行缺少的定语,如删除,主句就失去意义或意思表达不完整；译法上：译成先行词的定语：“ 的”A作宾语时可省略 B可用 that C可用 who 代替 whom 关系词的使用上：非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“ , ” 与主句隔开；意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,

29、主句仍能表达完整的意思；译法上：通常译成主句的并列句；关系词的使用上：A不行省略B不用 that C不行用 who 代替 whom 限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载In the street I saw a man who was from Af

30、rica. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the People year. s Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every （二）关系代词 as和 which 引导的定语从句as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处；详细

31、情形是：1. as 和 which 都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子；如：He married her, as / which was natural. 他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的事；He is honest, as / which we can see. 他很诚恳,这一点我们看得出来；2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后, 甚至仍可以分割主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后；另外, as 常常有 “ 正如、 正像”的含义； 如：As is known to all, China is a developing country. He

32、 is from the south, as we can know from his accent. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe. 留意：当主句和从句之间存在着规律上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用 which ；如：Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. These tables are made

33、 of metal, which made them very heavy. 1. 当先行词受such, so, the same 修饰时,关系词常用as； 如：I ve never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 留意：当先行词受the same 修饰时,有时也用that 引导定语从句,但与as引导的定语从句意思有区分；如：She wore the same dress that she wor

34、e at Mary younger sister wore. wedding. She wore the same dress as her 三 以 the way 为先行词时,如定语从句中缺方式状语,定语从句通常由 in which 或 that引导,而且仍可以省略；如定语从句中缺主语或宾语,用（that/which ）引导定语从句；The way that / in which he answered the questions was surprising. I don t like the way that / in which you laugh at her. I dont lik

35、e the way that/which he told me.（做主 做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；其次看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能 语、宾语或状语） ；第三挑选合适的关联词；Exercises: 1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys. A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 2.The Greens will move into the new house next Monday

36、,_ it will be completely finished. A by the time B by which time C by that time D by this time 3.Alice has a large collection of phone,_ was taken in london. A none of them B no one of which C all of which D none of which 4.With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught befo

37、re lived a happy life. A who B whose C in whose D in which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of which C its D that 6.She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour. A what

38、B that C which D this 7.1I have three children,and two of _ are doctors. 2I have three children, two of _ are doctors. 8.There two thousand students in our school,_ are girls. A two-thirds in which B two-thirds in them C two-thirds of them D of whom two thirds 9.I have bought two ballpens,_ writes w

39、ell. A neither of them B none of them C neither of which D none of which （1-6ABDCBC 7-9B DDC）特别结构定语从句点击1. These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which 2. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me. A. as B. that C. of which D. about which 3. I

40、ve seen the same film _ you saw yesterday. A. that B. which C. as D. like 4. Ill buy the same coat _ you wear. A. that B. which C. as D. like 5. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 6. _ is

41、 known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 7. This is the first time _ he has been here. A. that B. when C. at which D. which 8. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. they way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 答案与简析：1. B；当先行

42、词被such 修饰时,定语从句用as 引导,即构成结构为such+（a/an）形容词名词 as引导的定语从句,意为 来估量的那样低的价格出售；.像.一样的 ；整个句子意为：这些房屋以人们原2. A；由 so interesting a story = such an interesting story和上面一题的说明便可得知答案；as在定语从句中作宾语；整句意为：我从未听说过像你告知我那样好玩的故事；3. A 4. C；当先行词被 same 修饰时,定语从句由 that 或 as 引导,但意思不同；用 that 引导定语从句指同一物,而用 as 引导定语从句指同类事物；5. A；做此题的关键是

43、要知道 答案；I think 在定语从句中作插入语,做题时将其去掉便可简单得到6. B； s 在此引导非限制性定语从句,代表它所修饰的整个句子内容,并且它可放在所修名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 9 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载饰句子的前、中或后面；其常见结构如：as you know, as is said above, as is often the case（情况常常是这样）等；如选,就需将逗号改为 that；如选 D,就需将逗号改为 is that；7. A；当先行词为 the first time, the last

44、time 等时,定语从句的引导词用 that 而不用 when ；8. A；当先行词为 way 时,定语从句的引导词用 that 或 in which, 也可省略；定语从句1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that 2.Is this the factory _computers are built . A. that B. which C. in which D. in that 3.please pass me the dictionary _cover is

45、 red . A. whose B.its C. which D. which of 4.The man _has arrived . A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about 5. Do you know the comrade _we are talking . A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that 6. They visited the house _the great writer was born . A. from where B. in which C. which D. in where 7. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher . A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in