2022年初中被动语态讲解及练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系；语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态；假如主语是 动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态；假如主语是动作的承担者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,就用被动语态；二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词, 并留意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态就保持不变；3.原主动句的主语如需要就放在by 后面以它的宾格形式显现（注代词的宾格）,如不需要就可省略；4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变；三、被动语态的

2、用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year. 3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages. Many man -made satellites

3、 have been sent up into space by many countries. 4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city. Many more trees will be planted next year. 5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now. The door may

4、be locked inside. Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词 There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词 不定式,主动语态中不带 to ,但变为被动 语态时,须加上 to ； 例： make somebody do someth

5、ing somebody+ be +made to do something see somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

6、 4. 假如是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语；使用直接宾语 物作主语时,要在动词后加上介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词打算；He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him. He showed me a ticket. A ticket was shown to me by him. My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 第 1 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页

7、,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词；We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. 不用被动语态的情形The radio is listened to by him every day. The sick man is being taken care of by the nu

8、rse.1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬时动词）：appear, die死亡 ,disappear（消逝） , end vi. 终止 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 如： After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较：rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词；

9、错The price has been risen. 对 The price has risen. 错 The accident was happened last week.对 The accident happened last week. 错 The price has raised.对 The price has been raised. 错 Please seat.对 Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态,就须留意哪些动词是及物的,哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积存；2 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语

10、：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 如： This key just fits the lock. 被动语态练习一、挑选题 1._ a new library _ in our school last year. A. Is; built B. Was; bulit C. Does;bu

11、ild D. Did; build 2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened 3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow 4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was vis

12、ited 5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has beengiven C. will be given D. gives 6.How many trees _ this year. A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D.planted 7. A lot of things _ by people to save the littlegirl now. A. are doingB. are being done C

13、. has been doneD. willbe done8.Neither of them _ in China. A. is madeB. are madeC. were madeD. made9.Look.A nice picture _ for our teacher. A. is drawingB. is being drawnC. has been drawnD .draws10. Your shoes _. You need a new pair.A. wear outB. worn outC. are worn outD. is worn第 2 页名师归纳总结 - - - -

14、- - -第 2 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 11.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sentB. hasnt been sentC. wont be sentD. wasntsent 12.-When _ this kind of computers_. -Last year. A. did; useB. was; usedC. is; usedD. are; used 15.He says that Mr Zhang13. The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knowsB.knewC .

15、 is known D. was known 14.I _ in summer.A. bornB. was bornC. have been bornD. am born_ to the factory next week. A. is sentB. would sendC. was sentD. willbe sentC. did; writtenD. was;16.Who_ this book _. A. did; writtenB. was; written bywritten 17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary.A. has asked to B.

16、was asked to C.is asked D.asks to 18.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us 19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.D. looked after A. jumpB. jumps C. jumped D. to jump20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. putsB. can be put C. can be puttedD. can put

17、21.Older people _ well.A.looks afterB. must be looked afterC. must look after 22.Our teacher _ carefully.D. is listenedA. should be listened toB. should be listenC. be listened二、将以下句子变为被动语态,每空一词；1. We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days.2. They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _

18、 in Suzhou.3. The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children.4. You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5. Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ her by me last week.6. People use metal for making machines.Metal _ _ for making machines.7. He mad

19、e me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him.8.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago. _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago.10.Well put on an English play in our school. 11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets.An English play _

20、 _ _ on in our school. Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12.Mybrother often mends his watch.His watch _ _ _ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day.The flowers must _ _ by us every day.14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers wo

21、rk for a long time. The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday. _ the window _ _ _ yesterday.17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses _ _ _ out.18.We clean the classroom every day.The classroom _ _ every day.19. You must not plant trees in

22、very dry earth. Trees _ _ _ _ in very dry earth.20.You can dig a hole in the earth.A Hole _ _ _ in the earth. 第 3 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 4 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、用动词的正确语态填空；1. The students _ often _tellto take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _put on again sometime next month.3

23、. The old man is ill. He _ must send to the hospital.4. Vegetables,eggs and fruits_ sell in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ make of. It _make of metal and wood. 6. A Piano concert _give here last Friday.7. _ the magazine _can take out of the library.8. The room _ clean by me every day.9. The stars _ c

24、an see in the daytime.10. Some flowers _water by LiMingalready.11. These kinds of machines _make in Japan.12. Apples _ _grow in this farm.13. Russian _ _ learnas the second language by some students in China. 14. Planes,cars and trains _ _ use by business people for travelling.15. The cinema _ _ buildin 1985.must not put here.16. The bike17. A beautifulhorsedraw by John next day.18. This kind of machinecan made by uncle Wang.19. Mr. Green open two new school.20. The PLA _ _ found on August 1st,1927.第 4 页名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 4 页