2022年【教案】句子成分及结构.docx

《2022年【教案】句子成分及结构.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年【教案】句子成分及结构.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载句子成分及结构一：句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语的基本成分有七种主语（ subject）、谓语（ predicate）、宾语（ object）、表 语（ predicative）、定语（ attribute ）、状语 adverbial ,补语（complement）；（1）. 主语 S 主语 Subject 是一个句子所表达的主体,一般位于句首；表示句子说的是什么人或什么事；但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面；主语可由名词

2、、 代词、 数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示；例如：1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词 2.We often speak English in class. 代词 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词 6.T

3、he rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language ；it 为形式主 语,不定式为真正的主语（2）. 谓语 （V）谓语 Predicate 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特点和状 态；动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后；谓语的构成如下：1、简洁谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成；如：He practices running every morni

4、ng. The plane took off at ten oclock.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 留意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一样；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -（3）表语（P）学习必备欢迎下载表语 Predicative用以说明

5、主语的性质、特点、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词之后；表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示；例如：1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）2.Is it yours.（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing foot

6、ball.（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）留意：系动词（Linking verb 用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特点和身份等；1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有 He is a teacher. be 一词,例如：2）连续系动词用来表示主语连续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有 keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如：He alw

7、ays keep silent at meeting. 3）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft. 4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 除此之外,仍有 prove, turn out, appear, seem 等；The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success；（4）宾语 O

8、 宾语（ Object）表示动作的对象或承担者,一般位于及物动 词和介词后面；例如：1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.名词细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词,动名词 3.How many dictionaries

9、 do you have. I have five. 名词,数 词4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 化形容词,名词名词5.He pretended not to see me. 不定式 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词 7.I think （that）he is fit for his office. 宾语从句 宾语种类：1）双宾语（间接宾语O+ 直接宾语 O）Lend me your dictionary, please. He gave me a book yeste

10、rday. 2）复合宾语（宾语 O+ 宾补 C）1. They elected him their monitor. 名词 2.They painted their boat white. 形容词 3.Let the fresh air in. 介词式4.You mustn t force him to lend his money to you. 不定5.We saw her entering the room. 动名词语 句6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短7.We will soon make our city what

11、 your city is now. 从以上几种是句子的必要成分,不行缺少,否就句子意义就不完整；句子除了必要成格外,仍可以有定语,状语,同位语和插入语；（5）定语 修饰,限制,描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句 称为定语 Attribute ；1.Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - -

12、 - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不 定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动 名词）7.He is read

13、ing an article about how to learn English. （介词 短语）8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. 定语从句 （6）状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分； 从情形 ,时间 ,处所 ,方式 ,条件 ,对象 ,确定 ,否定 , 范畴和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制,状语一般由副词充当,也可由名词,介词短语,非谓语动词,从句等充当；1.Light travels most quickly. 副词及副词性短语 2.He has live

14、d in the city for ten years. 介词短语 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 不定式 4.He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语 5.Wait a minute. 名词 6.Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句 9 种状语种类如下：1. How about meeting again at six. 时间2.Last night she didnt go to the d

15、ance party because of the rain. 缘由 3.I shall go there if it doesn. 条件 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式 5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 相伴 6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的7.He was so tired that h

16、e fell asleep immediately. 结果 8.She works very hard though she is old. 让步细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载9.I am taller than he is. 比较（7）同位语（ Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的 说明,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任,如：This is Mr. Zhou,

17、 our headmaster. We students should study hard. We all are students. （8）插入语（ Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的说明,通常有 to be honest , I think suppose, believe-等,如：To be frank, I don t quite agree with you.二：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装；把握这五种基本句型,是把握各种英语句子结构的基础；1： （主谓）2： （主系表）3： （主谓宾）4： （主谓间宾直宾）5： （主谓宾宾补）基本句

18、型一： （不及物动词）1. The sun rose. 2. Who cares. 3. What he said does not matter. 4. They talked for half an hour. 5. The pen writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思；这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等；基本句型二： （是系动词） （表语） 第 5 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinne

19、r smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载7. His face turned red. 基本句型 三： （主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思

20、,必需跟有一个宾语,即动作的承担者, 才能使意思完整； 这类动词叫做及物动词； （及物动词） （宾语）1. Who knows the answer. 2. He has refused to help them. 间3. He enjoys reading. 4. He said Good morning. 5. He admits that he was mistaken. 基本句型四： O （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语；这两个宾语通常一个指人接宾语 ；一个指物 直接宾语 ； （及物） O（多指人） （多指物）1.She ordered herself a new dress

21、. 2. He brought you a dictionary. 3. I showed him my pictures. 4. I told him that the bus was late. 5. He showed me how to run the machine. 基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语仍不能表达完整的意思,来补足宾语,才能使意思完整；必需加上一个补充成分 （及物） （宾语） （宾补）1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thinking. 3. Th

22、ey found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 三： Practice makes perfect. 一 挑选句子结构a,b, c, 第 6 页,共 9 页 d, e, 细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载1. Please tell us a story._

23、2. She smiled._ 3. I have a lot work to do._ 4. His job is to train swimmers._ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._ 6. Please look at the picture._ （二） .指出以下句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beau

24、tiful Chinese painting. 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He mana

25、ged to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say. 15. To be honest,your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address. 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our du

26、ty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. （三）翻译以下句子主谓结构（ 主语 不及物动词）1你应当努力学习；2.她昨天回家很晚；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载3.那天早上我们谈了许多；4.会议将连续两个小时

27、；5.在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了庞大的变化；主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）1.昨晚我写了一封信；2.今日下午我想同你谈谈；3.这本书他读过多次了；4.他们胜利地完成了方案；5.那位先生能流利地说三种语言；主系表结构（主语系动词表语）1.我的兄弟都是高校生；2.冬季白天短,夜晚长；3.孩子们,请保持寂静；4.树叶已经变黄了；5.这个报告听起来很有意思；双宾语结构（主语双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语）1 Johnson 先生去年教我们德语；2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个好玩的故事；3. Mary 把钱包交给校长了；4. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料

28、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 精品学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -学习必备 欢迎下载5. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？复合宾语结构（主语动词 宾语 宾语补足语）1.我们叫她 Alice. 2.我们大家都认为他是诚恳的；3.我们要使学校变得更漂亮；4.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语；5.我们不会让她在晚上外出的；There be 句型 1今晚没有会；2.这个村子过去只有一口井；3 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师 4.灯亮着,办公室里确定有人；5.恰好那时房里没人；细心整理归纳 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页,共 9 页 - - - - - - - - -