2022年LINUX文件操作命令 .pdf

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1、LINUX文件操作命令From ：http:/ ? 2010 zheng_zhen0519, Inc. All rights reserved.显示当前目录帮助文件PWD(1) User Commands PWD(1)NAME pwd - print name of current/working directorySYNOPSIS pwd OPTION.DESCRIPTION Print the full filename of the current working directory. -L, -logical use PWD from environment, even if it c

2、ontains symlinks -P, -physical avoid all symlinks -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exit NOTE: your shell may have its own version of pwd, which usually super sedes the version described here. Please refer to your shells docu mentation for details about the opt

3、ions it supports.AUTHOR Written by Jim Meyering.REPORTING BUGS Report pwd bugs to bug-coreutilsgnu.org GNU coreutils home page: General help using GNU software: COPYRIGHT Copyright ? 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later . This is free software: you are free

4、to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - getcwd(3) The full documentation for pwd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and pwd pro

5、grams are properly installed at your site, the com mand info coreutils pwd invocation should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 7.4 March 2010 PWD(1)zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ pwd -P/home/zhengzhenzhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ pwd -L/home/zhengzhen创建目录mk 好理解吧dir呢？也好理解在windows下输入dir

6、就会显示C根目录下的的目录和文件帮助文件MKDIR(1) User Commands MKDIR(1)NAME mkdir - make directoriesSYNOPSIS mkdir OPTION. DIRECTORY .DESCRIPTION Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -m, -mode=MODE set file mode (as in chmod),

7、not a=rwx - umask -p, -parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed -v, -verbose print a message for each created directory名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - -Z, -context=CTX set the SELinux security context

8、 of each created directory to CTX -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exitAUTHOR Written by David MacKenzie.REPORTING BUGS Report mkdir bugs to bug-coreutilsgnu.org GNU coreutils home page: General help using GNU software: COPYRIGHT Copyright ? 2009 Free Software

9、 Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later . This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO mkdir(2) The full documentation for mkdir is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and mkdir programs

10、are properly installed at your site, the command info coreutils mkdir invocation should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 7.4 March 2010 MKDIR(1)zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ mkdir test/zhengzhenzhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ ls testtest zhengzhen删除目录这个和dos理解了就好记了帮助文件：没有呢哈哈名师资料总结 - - -

11、精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - 注：在当前；目录下有test/zhengzhentest/testzhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ rmdir test/zhengzhen仅删除zhengzhen目录zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ rmdir test/test -p连同test/test全部删除cp 命令复制文件帮助文件：CHGRP(1) User Commands CHGRP(1)NA

12、ME chgrp - change group ownershipSYNOPSIS chgrp OPTION. GROUP FILE. chgrp OPTION. -reference=RFILE FILE.DESCRIPTION Change the group of each FILE to GROUP. With -reference, change the group of each FILE to that of RFILE. -c, -changes like verbose but report only when a change is made -dereference af

13、fect the referent of each symbolic link (this is the default), rather than the symbolic link itself -h, -no-dereference affect each symbolic link instead of any referenced file (useful only on systems that can change the ownership of a symlink) -no-preserve-root do not treat / specially (the default

14、) -preserve-root fail to operate recursively on / -f, -silent, -quiet suppress most error messages -reference=RFILE名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - use RFILEs group rather than specifying a GROUP value -R, -recursive operate

15、 on files and directories recursively -v, -verbose output a diagnostic for every file processed The following options modify how a hierarchy is traversed when the -R option is also specified. If more than one is specified, only the final one takes effect. -H if a command line argument is a symbolic

16、link to a directory, traverse it -L traverse every symbolic link to a directory encountered -P do not traverse any symbolic links (default) -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exitEXAMPLES chgrp staff /u Change the group of /u to staff. chgrp -hR staff /u Change

17、the group of /u and subfiles to staff.AUTHOR Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering.REPORTING BUGS Report chgrp bugs to bug-coreutilsgnu.org GNU coreutils home page: General help using GNU software: COPYRIGHT Copyright ? 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or l

18、ater . This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO The full documentation for chgrp is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and chgrp programs are properly installed at your site, the command名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢

19、迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - info coreutils chgrp invocation should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 7.4 March 2010 CHGRP(1)在我的目录下有很多帮助文件2010cal.txtbchelp.txtcal.txtcdhelp.txtchgrphelp.txtchmodhelp.txtchownhelp.txtinf

20、ohelp.txtlshelp.txtman.txtmkdirhelp.txtmulu.txtpwdhelp.txtrmdirhelp.txtshutdownhelp.txt在根目录下看着很碍眼我为了少输入路径，就弄成这样了我想一次复制到我新建的help下怎么办？输入:zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ cp *.txt help然后查看help目录zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ ls -al help看到total 124drwxr-xr-x 2 zhengzhen zhengzhen 4096 2010-06-27 11:59 .drwxr-xr

21、-x 52 zhengzhen zhengzhen 4096 2010-06-27 11:57 .-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 1980 2010-06-27 11:59 2010cal.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 40650 2010-06-27 11:59 bchelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 3589 2010-06-27 11:59 cal.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 0 2010-06-27 11:59 cdhelp.txt-rw

22、-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 2911 2010-06-27 11:59 chgrphelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 6584 2010-06-27 11:59 chmodhelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 4593 2010-06-27 11:59 chownhelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 12938 2010-06-27 11:59 infohelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 7856 201

23、0-06-27 11:59 lshelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 5689 2010-06-27 11:59 man.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 1760 2010-06-27 11:59 mkdirhelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 182 2010-06-27 11:59 mulu.txt名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 12 页

24、 - - - - - - - - - -rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 1659 2010-06-27 11:59 pwdhelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 0 2010-06-27 11:59 rmdirhelp.txt-rw-r-r- 1 zhengzhen zhengzhen 3260 2010-06-27 11:59 shutdownhelp.txt删除rm命令romove帮助文件：RM(1) User Commands RM(1)NAME rm - remove files or directoriesSYNOPS

25、IS rm OPTION. FILE.DESCRIPTION This manual page documents the GNU version of rm. rm removes each specified file. By default, it does not remove directories. If the -I or -interactive=once option is given, and there are more than three files or the -r, -R, or -recursive are given, then rm prompts the

26、 user for whether to proceed with the entire operation. If the response is not affirmative, the entire command is aborted. Otherwise, if a file is unwritable, standard input is a terminal, and the -f or -force option is not given, or the -i or -interac tive=always option is given, rm prompts the use

27、r for whether to remove the file. If the response is not affirmative, the file is skipped.OPTIONS Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). -f, -force ignore nonexistent files, never prompt -i prompt before every removal -I prompt once before removing more than three files, or when removing recursively. Less int

28、rusive than -i, while still giv ing protection against most mistakes -interactive=WHEN prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or always (-i). Without WHEN, prompt always -one-file-system when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any directory that is on a file system different from that of th

29、e corresponding名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - command line argument -no-preserve-root do not treat / specially -preserve-root do not remove / (default) -r, -R, -recursive remove directories and their contents recursively -

30、v, -verbose explain what is being done -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exit By default, rm does not remove directories. Use the -recursive (-r or -R) option to remove each listed directory, too, along with all of its contents. To remove a file whose name star

31、ts with a -, for example -foo, use one of these commands: rm - -foo rm ./-foo Note that if you use rm to remove a file, it is usually possible to recover the contents of that file. If you want more assurance that the contents are truly unrecoverable, consider using shred.AUTHOR Written by Paul Rubin

32、, David MacKenzie, Richard M. Stallman, and Jim Meyering.REPORTING BUGS Report rm bugs to bug-coreutilsgnu.org GNU coreutils home page: General help using GNU software: COPYRIGHT Copyright ? 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later . This is free software: you a

33、re free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - SEE ALSO unlink(1), unlink(2), chattr(1), shred(1) The full documentation for rm is maintained as a

34、 Texinfo manual. If the info and rm programs are properly installed at your site, the com mand info coreutils rm invocation should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 7.4 March 2010 RM(1)现在想把根目录下的那些TXT文件删除怎么办？输入：zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ rm *.txt查看，已经看不到TXT帮助文件zhengzhenzhengzhen-l

35、aptop:$ lsDesktop Downloads help Pictures Software Ubuntu OneDocuments examples.desktop Music Public Templates Videos文件已全部删除移动文件或者文件夹mv文件帮助文件MV(1) User Commands MV(1)NAME mv - move (rename) filesSYNOPSIS mv OPTION. -T SOURCE DEST mv OPTION. SOURCE. DIRECTORY mv OPTION. -t DIRECTORY SOURCE.DESCRIPTIO

36、N Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY . Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -backup=CONTROL make a backup of each existing destination file名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - -

37、 - -b like -backup but does not accept an argument -f, -force do not prompt before overwriting -i, -interactive prompt before overwrite -n, -no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file If you specify more than one of -i, -f, -n, only the final one takes effect. -strip-trailing-slashes remove any tr

38、ailing slashes from each SOURCE argument -S, -suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix -t, -target-directory=DIRECTORY move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -T, -no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file -u, -update move only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or

39、when the destination file is missing -v, -verbose explain what is being done -help display this help and exit -version output version information and exit The backup suffix is , unless set with -suffix or SIM PLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX. The version control method may be selected via the -backup option or thr

40、ough the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values: none, off never make backups (even if -backup is given) numbered, t make numbered backups名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - existing, nil numbered if numbere

41、d backups exist, simple otherwise simple, never always make simple backupsAUTHOR Written by Mike Parker, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering.REPORTING BUGS Report mv bugs to bug-coreutilsgnu.org GNU coreutils home page: General help using GNU software: COPYRIGHT Copyright ? 2009 Free Software Foundati

42、on, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later . This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.SEE ALSO rename(2) The full documentation for mv is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and mv programs are properly i

43、nstalled at your site, the com mand info coreutils mv invocation should give you access to the complete manual.GNU coreutils 7.4 March 2010 MV(1)zhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ mv help/*.txt /tmpzhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ mv help/*.txt tmpzhengzhenzhengzhen-laptop:$ ls tmp2010cal.txt chgrphelp.txt info

44、help.txt mkdirhelp.txt rmdirhelp.txtbchelp.txt chmodhelp.txt lshelp.txt mulu.txt rmhelp.txtcal.txt chownhelp.txt man.txt pwdhelp.txt shutdownhelp.txt开是有点悲剧复制错了复制到了tmp就是那个临时文件夹不是我的个人的home文件夹下的tmp然后，又命令全给搬回来From ：http:/ - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - - Copyright ? 2010 zheng_zhen0519, Inc. All rights reserved.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 12 页 - - - - - - - - -