2022年中考英语定语从句复习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思第十讲 定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作 用的句子叫作定语从句；一词引导的定语从句 1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词 例： This is the detective who came from London. 例： The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 例： The desk whose leg is broken is very old. 例： This is th

2、e room that Shakespeare was born in. 关系代词的用法1 假如先行词是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that ,不用 which ；例如：All the people that are present burst into tears. 2 假如先等词被形容词最高级以及 first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very 等词修饰,关系代词常用 that, 不用 which, who

3、,或 whom；例如：3 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词 that, 作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略；例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. 4 which 仍有一种特别用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情形下意思是与and this 相像,并可以指人；例如：He succeeded in the competition, whi

4、ch made his parents very happy. 5 that 可指人或物,在从句中作表语,（指人作主语时多用 who）仅用于限制性定 语从句中；6 which 可作表语,既可指人,以可指物；指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种 特点品性或才能的人；Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的；which; 如是指集体中 7 假如作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用 的各个成员,就用 who；8 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应当用 that ；例如：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are v

5、ery lovely. 9 假如先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, who 或whom,不用 which ；例如：关系代词应当用 Is there anyone here who will go with you. “ 介词关系代词“ 是一个普遍使用的结构 1 “ 介词关系代词“ 可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思“ 介词关系代词“ 结构中

6、的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用 whom或 which, 不行用 that ；2 from where 为“ 介词关系副词“ 结构,但也可以引导定语从句；例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. 3 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开；例如： This

7、is the boy whom she has taken care of. 二关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或缘由； 关系副词 when在从句中充当时间状语, where 充当地点状语,why充当缘由状语；2. that 可引导定语从句表示时间地点或缘由That 有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者 why引导定语从句表示时间地点或缘由,在 that 引导的这种定语从句中,that 也可以省去；三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词关系副词

8、或 that 来引导；非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不行用 that 引导；2关系代词和关系副词的挑选依据1 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分 语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词；3. 先行词与定语从句隔离, 作状语的应选用关系副词,作主定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离；例如：1 This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about. 2 He was the only person in this co

9、untry who was invited 四 As在定语从句中的用法 1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（） as多与 such 或the same 连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词；（） as 也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于 which ；例如：The elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see. （） the same that 与 the same as在意思上是不同的；2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较敏捷,可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用名师归纳总结 逗号与主句

10、隔开,但which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后；例如：第 2 页,共 13 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思1 As is expected, the England team won the football match. 2 The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 五学习定语从句的几个问题定语从句又称为关系从句,是最常见的从句之一,每年高考题对之均有考查； 一 、定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一样性定语从句中关系代词一般应与

11、它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一样；例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School. 但留意以下一组句子：He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now. 假如 one of + 复数名词 后跟有定语从句,一般情形下 one of 后的复数名词为先行词,但当 one前有 the only,the very,just the 修饰时

12、,先行词就为 one； 二 、定语从句与强调结构 It is the place where they lived before. It is in the place that they lived before. 第一个句子为定语从句,where指代 the place, 在定语从句中作状语,其次个句子为强调结构,强调in the place,that没有意义,把 in the place 放回后面句子,句子意思完整；Where is it that he found the lost watch.强调句型,强调疑问副词where ；Where is the watch that he f

13、ound yesterday. 三 、定语从句与并列结构定语从句, that 指代 the watch He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons,and neither of them looks like him. Ive got two sisters.Both of them are in Shanghai. 第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词 whom指代 two sons, 在定语从名中介词 of 的宾语；其次个句子为并列结构,由并列连词 and连接,人称代词 them指代 two sons ；第三个为

14、两个独立的句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头的处一个字母都大写； 四 、定语从句与状语从句He found the books where he had put. He found the books in the place where he had put. 第一个句子为状语从句,where he had put 作主句 He found the books 的地点状语；其次个句子为定语从句,where引导从句修饰 the place；This is such an interesting book that Idlike to read it. This is such an inter

15、esting book as Id like to read. 第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it 指代 book, 作read 的宾语；其次个句子为定语从句,关系代词 as指代先行词 book的定语从句中 read 的宾语； 五 、定语从句中的先行词Is this book the one that you bought yesterday. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Is this the book that you bought yesterday.

16、 第一个句子中,this book 是主句的主语,the one 是先行词；在其次个句子中 this是主句的主语,the book 是先行词；肯定要防止显现：Is this book that you bought yesterday. 六 、定语从句与同位语从句定语从句相当于形容词,它对先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用,而同位语从句就相当于名词, 它对其前面的词赐予说明或作进一步说明,即说明该词所表示的详细内容；例如：The news that we heard is not true. 定语从句 The news that he won the prize is not true. 同位语从句

17、 另：在 have no idea+ 从句 结构中,其从句都作 idea 的同位语；例如：I have no idea when she will be back. 六、定语从句易犯小错误由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,初学者在使用时往往简单犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种： 一 、在定语从句中加了余外的定语；如：1误： Some of the boys I invited them didnt come 正： Some of the boys I invited didnt come 译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来；析：应删去 them,由于从句的宾语是省略了的whom, who或that

18、；2误： The book that you need it is in the library正： The book that you need is in the library译：你需要的书在图书馆里；析：应删去 it ,由于从句的宾语是关系代词 that ； 二 、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错；如：1误： Anyone who break the law will be punished正： Anyone who breaks the law will be punished译：任何违犯法律的人将被惩罚；析：应改 break 为breaks ,由于 who指anyone ,是单数；

19、2误： Those who has finished may go home正： Those who have finished may go home译：做完了的人现在可以回家；析：应改 has为 have,由于 who指those ,是复数；3误： He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school正： He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school译：他是我们学校中唯独懂法语的人；析：应改 know为knows,由于 one前有

20、 the only之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰名师归纳总结 的是 the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词the teachers；第 4 页,共 13 页4误： This is one of the rooms that is free now- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思正： This is one of the rooms that are free now译：这是目前空着的房间之一；析：应改 is 为are ,由于 one前没有 the only 的是名词复数 the rooms ,而不是单

21、数 one；之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰 三 、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词；如：1误： Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth正： Children who that eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth译：吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好；析：应加上关系代词who或that ,由于从句少主语,且主语不能省略；2误： The key opens the bike is missing正： The key thatwhich opens the bike is missing译：开这辆自行车

22、的钥匙不见了；析：应加上关系代词that 或which ,由于从句少主语,且主语不能省略； 四 、定语从句中加了余外的关系副词或介词；如：1误： The house where he lives in needs repairing正： The house where he lives needs repairing或： The house he lives in needs repairing译：他住的房子需要修理；析：应保留 where,删去从句中的 in ,由于关系副词 where在从句中作地点状语,in属余外； 或删去关系副词 where,由于 where在这里的意思是 in whic

23、h ,否就介词 in 就重复了；2误： I still remember the day on when I first came to Beijing正： I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing或： I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing译：我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情形；析：应删去 on,由于 when在这里的意思是 改为 whichon which ,否就介词 on就重复了, 或把 when 五 、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代

24、词或关系副词；1误： I still remember the day when we spent together正： I still remember the day thatwhich we spent together译：我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子；析：应改 when为that 或 which ,由于从句中谓语动词 语而不是时间状语；spent 是及物动词,其后应跟宾2误： This is the house where we lived in last year正： This is the house whichthat we lived in last year译：这是我们去年住

25、过的那个房子；析：应改 where为 which 或 that ,由于从句谓语动词 语,而不是地点状语；lived 后有介词 in ,其后少介词宾名师归纳总结 六 、在先行词 reason 后错用关系副词why；如：？第 5 页,共 13 页1误： Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思正： Have you asked her for the reason thatwhich may explai

26、n her absence ？译：你是否向他问过可以说明他缺席的缘由？析：应改 why为 that 或which ,由于定语从句缺少主语,而不是少缘由状语；2误： I don t believe the reason why he has given for his being late正：I dont believe the reason that which he has given for his being late 译：我不信任他所供应的他迟到的缘由；析：应改 why为 that 或which ,由于从句谓语动词 缘由状语； 七 、误将强调句型当定语从句；如：has given 后缺

27、少宾语,而不是缺少1误： It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out正： It was in the kitchen that the fire broke out译：大火发生在厨房；析：应将 where改that ,由于原句仍原为The fire broke out in the kitchen后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型,而非定语从句；2误： Was it because it snowed last night when you didnt come ？正： Was it because it snowed last nig

28、ht that you didnt come ？译：你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来？析：应将 when改为 that ,由于,原句仍原为 Because it snowed last night ,you didnt come后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型而非定语从句；七定语从句的留意事项1. 一般说来,除了用定语从句说明名词或泛指外,先行词前应有定冠词 the ；2. 在限制性定语从句中 which,whom,that 充当宾语时, 可以省略； 而在非 限制性定语从句中 whom,who,which 不能省略；3. 在含有非限制性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应当用逗号隔开；4. 定

29、语从句与同位语从句的区分；第一看引导从句的关系词 that 是否在 从句中充当句子成分；假如在从句中充当主、宾、表,就是定语从句；再看that前 的 名 词 是 否 是 一 些 需 要 有 内 容 的 名 词 , 如 ：idea,fact,thought,news等；后面的从句是说明其内容的, （这个名词在后面的从句中部充当任何成分） ,这个从句就是同位语从句； He expressed the hope that he has had for many years. hope 在从句中不充当句子成分, 又加上后面从句是说明 hope 的内容的,因此时同位语从句；5.the reason wh

30、y=for which 是由 why或 for which 引导的定语从句；而 the reason that 也是 that 引导的定语从句； that 往往省略；This is the reason why he was late. =This is the reason thathe was late. 6. 当主句中有 who,which 时,而定语从句中也要用到了防止 who who,which which 等重叠,定语从句用who或 which 时,为 that 引导；Who is the man that is standing by the door. 名师归纳总结 - - -

31、 - - - -第 6 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk. 7. 先行词为人和物作并列成分时,定语从句用 that 引导；John and his dog that were here a moment ago disappear now. 8. 不论人或物在定语从句中作表语时,用that引导定语从句,而that通常省掉； He is no longer the man that he was. 9. “ one o

32、f 可数名词复数” 引导的定语从句中, 谓语动词应用复数；而“ one of 可数名词复数” 前有the ,only 或 the only修饰,定语从句中的谓语动词用单数；He is one of the students who study very hard at school. He is theonly/the hard at school. 定语从句专练（一）only one of the students who studies very 中学英语分类练习 定语从句1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A

33、. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _. A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party wa

34、s founded. A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working

35、. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day. A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that y

36、ou talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

37、- 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country. A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A.

38、 which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont lik

39、e _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory ther

40、e are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visi

41、ted the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. wh

42、at; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which

43、I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it.

44、A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 13 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A.