2022年初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx

《2022年初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初中阶段不定式总结及习题及答案.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载unit 1-3 语法 -不定式 to do 1不定式的基本形式与结构 动词不定式指通常由 to 加上动词原形如 to write 所构成的一种动词形式,但在有些情形下 to 可以省略；全部的主动词,不论是及物动词仍是不及物动词,都有不定式形式；没有不定式形式；动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语；2不定式的用法 1不定式结构作主语 1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated

2、more than 40 years ago 2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge在上述情形下,假如不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,就可由代词让作形式主语 形 式主语 it 不行由 that 或 this 等其他代词代替 ,而将不定式放到后面；如：1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago2.John admitted tha

3、t it is always difficult for him to be on time不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的规律主语,通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达：如： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review2. It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词 如 careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,imp

4、olite ,kind,naughty,nice,silly ,stupid 等作表语时,不定式后可以加 语：1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thingof 来引导出其规律主2不定式作宾语to 的不定式,另一种是 “及不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带物动词 +疑问词 +带 to 的不定式；及物动词 +带 to 的不定式结构 : 只能跟动词不定式的动词, 常见的有 : afford,agree,aim,appear,ask,believe,car

5、e,claim,decide demand,desire, determine,expect,fail ,happen,hesitate,hope, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, pretend, promise, prepare,refuse, seek, swear, undertake,want, wish 等；1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to buil

6、d a new plant in South Africa. 动词 +疑问代 副词+不定式：这类动词常见的有 advise, decide, find out, forget, inquire, know, learn,see, regard中学英语语法总结,remember, teach, tell, understand, wonder 等；常见的疑问代 副词有: what, when, where, which, how, whether 等；1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whether to continue or

7、 to stop. 3.I will show you how to deal with it. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载有时,不定式可由 it 代替,而把不定式放到后面去；这可以用这一结构表达：动 词如 find, think,consider,feel 等+it+ 形容词 +不定式；1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 2.We find it difficult to finish all the homewo

8、rk before 9 oclock.3不定式做表语 一种情形为主语是不定式1.To see is to believe. 表示条件 ；表语是不定式 表示结果 ：2.To work means to earn a living另一种情形为主语是以 aim,duty,hope, idea,job, plan,problem, purpose,thing,wish 等名词为中心的短语,或以 主语起补充说明作用： ；例如：what 引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future2.The most important th

9、ing is to negotiate with them about the price3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience4不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的规律宾语；例如：1.There was really nothing to fear2.He gave me an interesting book to read假如不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词；例如：1.Mary needs a friend to play with2.That

10、girl has nothing to worry about3.They have a strict teacher to listen to4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes, I still was not able to find a chair to sit on其次种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的规律主语；例如：1.Have you got a key to unlock the door. 2.The action to be taken is correct3.There is nothing to be gained

11、by pretending第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构；这类名词通常是表示妄想、 努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is 算、才能、意向等意义的名词： ability , attempt, effort,impulse, inclination ,wish 等；例如：1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary. 5不定式作状

12、语 不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句；例如作缘由状语：1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area 2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area 3.He was lucky to arrive before dark4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark作目的状语：1.She raised

13、her voice to be heared better 2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam作结果状语 ：1.The French football team played

14、so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians 2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone 不带 to 的不定式的使用动词不定式通常带 to,但在有些搭配中不带 to,在另一些搭配中可带 t

15、o 可不带 to；归纳起来,以下情形下使用不带 to 不定式：1 在 cancould, /maymight,will would,shallshould,must, need,dare 等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带 to；2在表示感觉意义的动词, 如 see中学英语语法总结, feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示 “致使 ”意义的动词,如 词不定式不带 to；例如：have,let,make 等后,动1.I often heard him say that he would study hardto 不定式一般转换为带to 不2.I mus

16、t have him see his own mistakes但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带定式；例如：1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard2.After he had finished speaking,he was made to answer innumerable questions3在动词 help 之后可用不带 to 的不定式,也可用带 1.Help the old lady to carry the heavy box. to 的不定式；例如：4 在 had better,would rather,

17、maymight as well,rather than,can not but等搭 配之后中学英语语法总结,动词不定式也不带 to；例如：1.Unless you feel to ill to go out, I would rather not stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour. 5 在 make do,make believe,let drop,1et fall,1et fly,let slip,let drive,let go off,hear say,hear tell,le

18、ave go of等固定搭配中,用不带 如：to 的动词不定式；例1.They let go of the rope他们松开了绳子；2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me约翰朝我痛骂了一顿；3.Ive heard tell of him我听说过他；4.Some of the faculty were let go for lack of the students由于生源不足,一些教职 员工被解雇了；6在介词 but 中学英语语法总结中学英语语法总结,except之后,假如其前有动 词 do 的某种形式,其后不定式一般不带 to,反之就必需带 to,表示“

19、不得不,只能”；例如：1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

20、- - 下面一些短语是固定搭配,不带学习必备欢迎下载to：can not help but,can not choose but,can not but,do nothing but,have nothing to do but；例如：I can not but admire his courage. 假如上述句中有 do,to 省略：I did nothing but watch TV last night假如是下面一个固定搭配,就带 to：I have no choice but to give up my idea. 7紧跟在 why 或 why not 之后的动词不定式总是不带to；但

21、是,紧跟在 who,what,which,whether 等连接词后的不定式带 to；例如：Why stand up if you can sit down. Why not ask your teacher when you dont understand the meaning. You neednt decide yet whether to study arts or science4不定式的否定形式 否定形式是在不定式的标志to 前加 not；例如：1.I decided not to ask him again2.Please remember not to leave the l

22、ights on when you are out动词不定式练习一. 依据上句意思完成下句,使两句意思相近或相同,每空一词；1. He was so angry that he couldnt say anything.He was too angry _ _ anything. 2. I dont know when we will have the meeting.I don t know when _ _ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter _ _. 4. That

23、 you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _ you _ _ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头）He was strong _ _ _ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing _ _ his holiday. 7. They got up ea

24、rly so that they could get there in time. They got up early _ _ _ _ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _ _ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _ _ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _ _ into the r

25、oom. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _ _ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself. Do you have anything _ _ for yourself. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载13.We don t know what we shall do next.We dont know what _ _ next.14.I m

26、very sorry on hearing the bad news.d news. I m very sorry _ _ the ba 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _ _ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _ _ English. 17.My father promised （许诺） that he would buy me a bike. My father promised _ _ me a bike. t carry it. 18.T

27、he box is so heavy that I can The box is too heavy _ me _ _. 19. “ Lie down. ” the boy said to his dog.The boy ordered his dog _ _ down. she said to me. 20. “ Dont make any noise, She told me _ _ _ any noise. 二. 单项：1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in

28、 the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, _it more difficult. D. nor to make A .not making B. not make C .not to make 3. Helen had to shout _above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear C. making herself he

29、ard B. to make herself hear D .to make herself heard 4. I dont know whether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard 5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. A .to tell B .to be

30、told C .telling D .told 6. You were silly not _your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 7. The teacher asked us _so much noise. A .don t make B. not make C. not making D .not to make 8. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _clear warnings before

31、 firing any shots. A .to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued 9. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else. A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing 10. The bank is reported in the local newspaper_ in broad daylight yesterday. A.

32、 robbed B. to have been robbed C. being robbed D. having been robbed 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载11. A number of paintings in the castle are believed _in a fire. A. being destroyed B. having been destroyed C. to be destroyed D. to have been destroyed 12. The mee

33、ting _ next week is sure to be a great success. A. to take place B. to be taken place C. to have taken place D. being taken place 13. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished 14. I am sorry _ written you a letter at the time. A

34、. to have notB. to not haveC. not to haveD. not having 15. Will you lend him a magazine _. A. to be readB. for readingC. to readD. he read 16. He could do nothing but _for the bus _. A. wait, to come B. wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came 17 .It is a problem that doesnt need _ right now. A

35、. to solve B. solving C. being solved D. to be solving 18. There s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A. making B. to make C. to have made D. having made 19. I remember _him _the bike needed _. A. hearing, saying, to repair B. to hear, say, to repair C.

36、hearing, say, repairing D. to hear, saying, to be repaired 20. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so t know what country he studied 21. Robert is said to _ abroad, but I donin. D. to have bee

37、n A. to have studied B. to study B. to be studying studying 22. Im gong to Xian next week. Have you anything _ to your paA. to take B. to be taken C. to be bought to D. to buy 23. when are they _ in their plan. A. hand B. handed C. to hand D. give 24. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be

38、 watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will survive 25. When we hurried to the station, there happened _ no bus at that time. A. to have B. to be C. having D. being 26. I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. B. having made C. m

39、aking D. to make A. made 27. At _ time does the salesgirl get up late in the morning, though she is always too busy _ a good rest. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 10 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学习必备 欢迎下载A. no, to take B. no, taking C. any, to take D. one, taking 28. -Are you a student. -No, but I used _.

40、A. to be B. to was C. to do D. to be a 29. I stopped to listen, and my son seemed _ himself _ in the living room. A. to enjoy, to shut C. to be enjoying, shut B. to be enjoying, shutting D. to have enjoyed, having shut 30. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a h

41、ard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 31. We re leaving at six oclock, and hope _ most of the journey by lunch time. C. to make D. to have made A. to do B. to have done 32. The study of the wild world may help to make the world easier _. A. understood B. to be understood C.

42、to understand D. understand 33. Who will you get _ the project for us. A. design B. to design C. designed D. designing 34. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government know _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 35. We are not all

43、owed _ outdoors with some other children. A. playing B. to be playing C. to play D. be playing 36. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 37. She feels so strongly that each of us should have a

44、 role _in making the earth a better place to live in. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 38. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 39. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D