2022年初三上册U--知识点.docx

《2022年初三上册U--知识点.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年初三上册U--知识点.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全U4 He said I was hard-working 1. 看肥皂剧 watch soap operas 2. 举办一次惊喜晚会 have a surprise party 3. 在周五晚上 on Friday night 4. 生某人的气 be mad at sb5. 第一 first of all 6. 做课外家庭作业 do a homework project 7. 递给某人某物 pass sb sth=pass sth to sb =pass on sth to sb=pass sth on to sb 8. 在公共汽车

2、站 at the bus stop 9. 理应做某事 be supposed to do 10. 善于 be good at=do well in 11. 很愧疚做某事 be sorry to do sth 12. 感冒 have/catch a cold 13. 身体健康 be in good health 14. 一次期末考试 an end-of-year exam 15. 在某事方面感到费劲 have a hard time with 16. 做某事很惊讶 be surprised to do 17. 捎去某人的问候 send one s love 18. 到现在为止 for now 1

3、9. 抄袭别人的家庭作业 copy others homework 20. 传些口信 pass on some messages 21. 大打一架 have a big fight 22. 遗忘去做某事 forget to do 23. 养成一个坏习惯start a bad habit 24. 克服 get over 25. 转变某人的生活 change ones life=change the life of sb 26. 在一个贫困的山村 in a poor mountain village 27. 听起来像 sound like 28. 一个北京高校的毕业生 a Peking Unive

4、rsity graduate 29. 一个为期一年的方案 a one-year program 30. 由 发起 be started by 31. 训练部 the Ministry of Education 32. 派人去做某事 send sb to do 33. 对某人来说是一个新的经受 be a new experience for sb 34. 海拔 2000 米 2000 meters above sea level 35. 使某人觉得恶心 make sb feel sick 36. 经受不同的事 experience different things37. 打开某人对外面世界的视野

5、 open up ones eyes to the outside world 38. 给某人生活一个好的开头 give sb a good start in life 39. 在某人的生活中有一个好的影响 be a good influence in ones life40. 关爱地球母亲 care for “ Mother Earth ” 41. 无国界医生 Doctors Without Borders 42. 濒危野生动物 wild animals in danger 43. 处于危急之中 be in danger 44. 脱离危急 be out of danger 3语法直接引语和间

6、接引语【重难点分析】直接引语和间接引语（一）直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语；间接引语一般构成宾语从句；直接引语必需放在引号内,间接引语就不用引号；直接引语改为间接引语时, 除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,仍必需对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行转变；1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said,asked 等的影响而使用过去化的时态, 即把原先的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等；例如：Tom said to me, “ My brother is doing his home

7、work. ”Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；依据意义进行相应的变化；例如：She asked Jack,“Where have you been.”She asked Jack where he had been. He said,“ These books are mine.”He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是由于原句的句式不同,所以变 成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同；

8、名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全1.陈述句的间接引语陈述句由直接引语变间接引语,通常由 that 引导,可以省略；“ I want the blue one.”he told us. “ 我想要兰色的； ”他说；He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的；She said to me, “ You can t settle anything now. ” 她对我说：“ 此刻你无法解决任何事情；”She told me that I couldn t

9、settle anything then. 她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事；2. 疑问句的间接引语直接引语假如是疑问句,变成间接引语后,叫做间接疑问句；间接疑问句为陈述语序,句末用句号, 动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同；引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire ；间接疑问句一般有三种：1一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由 whether 或 if 引导；如：“ Has he ever worked in Shanghai.” Jim asked. “ 他在上海工作过吗？” 吉姆问； Jim asked whether/if he had ever

10、worked in Shanghai. 吉姆问他是否在上海工作过；“Can you tell me the way to the hospital. ”The old man asked. 那个老人问： “ 你能告知我去医院的路吗？ The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那个老人问我是否能告知他去医院的路；2. 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍由原先的疑问词引导；如：“ Which room do you live in. ”He asked. “ 你住哪个房间？” 他问我；He asked

11、 me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间；“ What do you think of the film.”She asked. 她问“ 你怎么看这部电影？”She asked her friend what she thought of the film. 3. 挑选疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时,由她问她的伴侣怎么看这部电影；whether/if or 引导；如：“ Is it your bike or Tom s. Mum asked.妈妈问：“ 这是你的自行车仍是汤姆的？”Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom

12、s.妈妈问这是我的自行车仍是汤姆的；“ Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones.”Kate asked. “ 你妹妹喜爱兰色的裙子仍是绿色的？” 凯特问；Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我的妹妹喜爱兰色的裙子仍是绿色的；3. 祈使句的间接引语当祈使句变为间接引语时,间接祈使句的引述动词常用 tell,ask,order,beg,request,order等,而把直接祈使句变成带 to 的不定式短语；如：Jack said, “ Pl

13、ease come to my house tomorrow, Mary.” 杰克说：“ 玛丽明天请到我家来；”Jack asked Mary to go to his house the next day.杰克请玛丽其次天到他家去；The teacher said to the students, ” Stop talking. ” 老师对同学们说： “ 不要讲话了； ”The teacher told the students to stop talking. 老师让同学们不要说话了；“ Don t touch anything. ”He said.“ 不要碰任何东西； ” 他说； He

14、told us not to touch anything. 他对我们说不要碰任何东西；4. 动词时态和代词等的变动 1. 某些代词, 限定词, 表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规章如名师归纳总结 下：直接引语间接引语第 2 页,共 12 页todaythat day now then, at that moment yesterdaythe day before - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next day /

15、the following day the day after tomorrowtwo days after, / in two days next week/ month etc the next week/month etc last week/ month etcthe week / month etc. before here there this that these those come go bring take 2. 假如引述动词为现在时形式,就间接引语中的动词时态,代词, 限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化；而假如引述动词是过去时,以上内容就要有相应变化；变化情形如下：现在

16、时间推移到过去的时间,即一般现在时变为一般过去时；“I feel better today.”He said. “ 我今日感觉好多了； ” 他说；He said that he felt better that day. 他说他那天感觉好多了；现在进行时变为过去进行时；“ Xiao Ming is doing some washing ”Mum said. “ 小明正在洗衣服； ” 妈妈说；Mum said that Xiao Ming was doing some washing. 妈妈说小明正在洗衣服；Unit 5 If you go to the party,youll have a g

17、reat time.1. 去参与晚会 go to the party 2. 玩得兴奋 have a great time 3. 让某人进 let in 4. 备考 study for ones test5. 一半的同学 half the class 6. 岁末晚会 end of year party 7. 穿牛仔裤 wear jeans 8. 把 拿走 take away 9. 在晚会期间 during the party 10. 校大扫除 school clean-up 11. 儿童医院探视 Children s Hospital visit12. 环球旅行 travel around th

18、e world 13. 获得训练 get an education 14. 足球代理人 professional soccer player 15. 谋生 make a living 16.好像 seem like sth/doing sth 17. 抱负的职业 dream job 18. 捐给慈善机构 give to charity 19. 始终 all the time 20. 受伤 get injured 21. 很难做某事 have a difficult/hard time 22. 实际上 in fact 23. 能够 be able to/can 24. 手机 mobile pho

19、ne 25. 与某人度过时间 spend time with sb （一） If 引导的条件状语从句（二） be doing, be going to do和 will 在表示将来时的区分（三） should 的用法考点一： if 引导的条件状语从句典型例题【考例】If_, I will go. t comeC. he will comeD. he is comingA. he doesn t come B. he won 学问概括、方法总结与易错点分析名师归纳总结 第三部分本单元语法讲解第 3 页,共 12 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点

20、大全是if 引导的条件状语从句；If 是连词,所连接的句子“ 假如 的话 ” ,用法如下：叫条件状语从句,表示假设或条件,意思1 、 表 示 假 设 , 表 示 将 会 发 生 和 可 能 发 生 的 事 , 或 进 行 提 醒 警 告 ； 句 子 结 构 如 下 ：If + 句子（一般现在时） ,+主句（主语 will/may/can + 动词）a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have enough money next year , I will go to travel . if 条件句：

21、条件句用于陈述语气,表示假设的情形可能发生,其中 if 是“假如 ”的意思；构 成 条件从句 主句时 态 If 一般现在时,主语 shall/will+ 动词原形例 句 If he comes, he will take us to the zoo. 用法：1条件状语从句通常由连词 if 引导,意为 “假如、假如 ”,主句不能用 be going to 表示将来,而应当用 shall,will ； 如： If you leave now, you will never regret it. 假如你现在离开,你就不会懊悔；2if 假如 ”,引导条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,从句就用一般现在时；

22、如：If it rains tomorrow, we wont go there. 假如明天下雨,我们就不去那了；留意： 宾语从句中的 if 与条件状语从句 if 的区分；宾语从句中的 if “是否 ” 相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态需依据语境确定；如： I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨；2. 表示真实条件、客观真理、自然现象、定理定义 . 民 间谚语等,句型是：If + 句子 （一般现在时）,+ 主句 （一般现在时） . 例：If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed .

23、If you put ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banana, it becomes very soft . If a plant dont get enough light ,it grows very tall and thin.针对性练习1. The football match will be put off if it _. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is

24、rained 2. There _ a basketball game this afternoon. A. is going to have B. will be C. is going to play D. will play 3. This work is _ for me than for you. Adifficult Bthe most difficult Cmost difficult Dmore difficult 4. Ill catch up with Lucy before she _ the finishing line. Areach Bis reaching Cre

25、aches in Dwill reach 5. Excuse me. Could you tell me _. Awheres the post office Bwheres post office Cwhats she doing Dwhere the post office is 6. I wont go if it _ tomorrow. Arain B is raining C rains Dwill rain 7. Liu Ming is good at _ English. Aspeak Bspeaks Cspeaking Dspoke 8. Youd better _ your

26、coat. The room is too hot Atake off Bput on C take out Dtake care 9. In the race Wu Dong ran fastest. No one could _ him Aget on with B hurry up Cgive upDcatch up with 10. Watching TV _ is bad for your eyes. Amuch too B many too Ctoo much Dto many考点二： be doing, be going to do 和 will 在表示将来时的区分典型例题I t

27、hink Im going to the dance with Karen and Ann. 我想我会和 Karen and Ann 一起跳舞；What will happen if they have the party tomorrow. 假如他们明天举办聚会,将会发生什么？I am going to the school party. 我要参与学校聚会；If you do, the teachers will call your parents. 假如你那样做,老师们将给你们的父母打电话；学问概括、方法总结与易错点分析一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作,事情或存在的状态,也表示将来常

28、常或反复发生的动作或事情；1 will/shall+ 动词原形名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全shall 用于第一人称,常被 will 所代替； will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求看法常常用于第 二人称； “主语 +will/shall+ 动词原形 ”例如： I will call you this evening. 其疑问句形式为“ Will/Shall+主语 +动词原形 ”,否定句形式为 “ 主语 +will/shall+not+ 动词原形 ” ；例如： Which paragraph shal

29、l I read first ？ 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening. 今晚七点回家好吗？名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -2 be going to do表示将来 a. 主语的意图,即将做某事；例如：What are you going to do tomorrow. 明天准备作什么呢？b. 方案, 支配要发生的事；例如： The play is going to be produced next month ；这出戏下月开播；c. 有迹象要发生的事；例如：要下雨了；Look at the dark clouds, the

30、re is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快d.说明决心：She is going to have a baby. She doesn t like the meeting, she is going to arrive late. 【留意】 “ be going to do” 和” will/shall+动词原形 ” 区分在于,前者表示事先考虑好的意图,而后者就表示未经事先考虑的意图；I am going to play games this afternoon./ It will rain tonight. 3.be doing 表将来时1） 表示转移的动词 leav

31、e,go, come, start 等进行时态表将来的时候,常常伴有意图,支配或打算的含义；这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期望感,它常常表示最近或较近的将来；He is leaving fro London tomorrow. 他明天就要去伦敦；2 表示将来的现在进行时除用转移动词外,也可以用某些非转移动词；如: When I grow up, I am joining the army. 我长大要参军；以下动词的现在进行时表示将来时: e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arrive and so on. she is leaving for Wuhan

32、tomorrow. 针对性练习：1 _you _a doctor when you grow up. A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D

33、 in 4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow. A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesn t finish C will finish D won t finish6 There _some showers this afternoon. A will be B will have C is going to be D are going to have 7 It _my broth

34、ers birthday tomorrow. She _a party.A is going to be; will have B will be; is having C will be; is going to have D will have; is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _11. A is 二、B is going to be 填空C will be D will to be 1 -“I need some paper.- “” I _bringsome for you.”2_beyou free

35、 tomorrow. 3 They _not leave until you come back. 4 _we_go to the party together this afternoon. 5 They want to know when the meeting _start. 6 I _go with you if I have time. 7 Hurry up. Or we _be late.0 8 What _you _do tomorrow afternoon. 9 Jenny _ _ do an experiment the day after tomorrow. 10 If s

36、he isnt free tomorrow, she _not take part in the party. 考点三：情态动词 should 用法should 这个中学英语课本中显现频率很高的一个词；它用法敏捷、含义丰富,始终属于热点；should 用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should 后边加 not 一 、作 为 情 态 动 词 , 通 常 用 来 表 示 现 在 或 将 来 的 责 任 或 义 务 , 表 示 “ 应 该 , 应 当” Crime should be punished. 犯罪应受惩处；第 5 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

37、 - - 学问点大全二 、 作 为 情 态 动 词 , 可 以 用 来 表 示 有 较 大 可 能 实 现 的 猜 测 、 推 论 , 表 示 “ 可 能 , 该=will probably ”The headmaster should arrive soon. 校长可能很快就到了；They should be home by now ,I think. 我想现在他们总该到家了吧；三、表示 “ 竟然 ”It s strange that he should be late. 真古怪,他竟然迟到了；四、用在第一人称时,表示征求对方看法Should I help you with the dinn

38、er ？要不要我帮你做晚饭？五、用于表示某种感情颜色,常用于 why ,how 引起的特殊疑问句或惊喜、不能懂得等意思；Why should you be so late today. 你今日为什么这么晚？How should I know. 我怎么知道？用 should 或 shouldn t填空that 从句中,表示意外、 1. I can sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is l

39、ittle milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didn invite you. Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells. 一主要短语1. 收集贝壳 collect shells 2. 滑冰马拉松 skating marathon 3. 你第一双滑冰鞋 your first pair of ska

40、tes4. 募捐 raise money 5. 整整五小时 the whole five hours 6. 三年半 three and a half years 7. 填充动物玩具 stuffed animals 8. 妖怪雪球 snow glob of the monster 9. 用光 run out of 10. 在我十七岁生日时 on my seventeenth birthday 11. 顺便说一下 by the way 12. 最常见的 the most common 13. 送某人某物 send sb sth 14. 才艺表演 a talent show 15. 额外的英语课 e

41、xtra Englsih class 16. 古币 old coins 17. 自由话题 free topic 18. 想起 think of 19. 闻名人物 famous characters 20. 黑龙江省会 the capital of Heilongjiang Province 21. 具有丰富多彩的历史 with a colorful history 22. 欧洲的影响 European influence 23. 苏联风格 in Russian style 24. 家史 family history 25. 诧异 be surprised 26. 受到 的欢迎 be welco

42、med by 27. 宋朝皇帝 the Song Emperor 28. 29. 越 越 the+ 比较级 the + 比较 30.二目标句型：西方历史 western history 确信 be certain that/to do 1. How long have you been doing . 2. Ive been doing since 3. How long did sb. do . 4. He / She did sth. for5. What do you collect. 6. When did you start. 7. How many do you have. 8.

43、What do you like to collect in the future. 9. What is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby. 三语法 现在完成进行时1. 现在完成进行时构成：确定句：主语 + have / has been + doing 否定句：主语 +have/has+not+been+doing 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 12 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +been+doing. 现在完成进行时表达“ 某一动作从过去开头始终连续到现在,有可能仍要连续下去”,现在完成进行时的句子中多用连续性动词,如：1I have been learning English for ten years. 2She ha