2022年初一初二英语时态讲解与练习.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 初一、初二英语时态讲解与练习句子的时态是通过动词的变化来表现的,通过观看一个动词的不同形式可以看出句子的时态,说明发生的时间；有些时态可以通过时间状语来确定,有些就依据常识来确定；一、一般现在时1. 表示方法：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形,主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时,动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的,即动词的三单；动词的三单变化：一般在动词后加-s; 以 s, x, o, sh, ch 结尾的加 es; 以辅音字母加y 结尾的,变y为 i,再加 es; 以 f, fe 结尾的变 f, fe 为 v, 再加 es

2、；2. 哪些情形下用一般现在时1） 表示常常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特点和真理；句中常用 often, usually, always, seldom, every,sometimes, every day/morning/Sunday, on Sunday 等时间状语；例如：a. He goes to school every day. 他每天去上学；b. He is very happy. 他很高兴；c. The earth moves around the sun. 地球环绕太阳转；（特性）2 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来；例如：a. If you co

3、me this afternoon, well have a meeting. 假如你今日下午过来,我们将开个会；b. When I graduate, Ill go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下；3 有时这个时态表示按方案、规定要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语）,但限于少数动词,如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close 等；例如：a. The meeting begins at seven. 会议七点开头；b. The rain starts at nine in the mor

4、ning. 上午九点开头下雨；4 表示状态和感觉的动词 be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等常用一般现在进行时；a. I like English very much. 我特别喜爱英语；b. The story sounds very interesting. 这个故事听起来很好玩；总的说：表示习惯、爱好、频率（常常、总是、有时）、规律、事实动词用一般现在时；3. 动词的一般现在时的确定句、否定句、疑问句1）be 动词的一般现在时 am, is, are 否定句：在 am, is, are 加 not 一般疑问句：把 am, is, ar

5、e 提到句首I am a teacher. I m not a teacher. Are you a teacher. She is a beautiful girl. She isn t a beautiful. Is she a beautiful girl. They are careful students. They aren t careful students. Are they careful students. 2）实意动词的一般现在时确定句：主语除了三单以外的人称用动词原形,主语是三单（he, she, it,人名、物名）时,动词的表示方法与名词的复数形式是一样的,即动词的

6、三单；否定句：三单在动词原形前加 doesn t, 其余人称加 don t 疑问句：一般在句首加 Do, 三单在句首加 Does 后动词仍原；I like English. I don t like English. Do you like English. My mother teaches English. My mother doesnt teach English Does your mother teach English. 二、 一般过去时的用法 . 1. 表示方法：用动词的过去式表示动词的过去式的表示方法：名师归纳总结 be 动词的过去式：was, were 第 1 页,共 6

7、页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 实意动词的过去式：一般在动词后加-ed; 以 e 结尾的加 -d, 以辅音字母加y 结尾的,变y 为 i 加ed, 以重读闭音节结尾的双写末尾的辅音字母加 ed. 特别的动词的过去式如 take-took 等要记忆；2. 哪些情形下用一般过去时1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；例如：时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now, once 等；例如： . Where did you go just n

8、ow. 刚才你上哪儿去了？. 2）表示在过去一段时间内,常常性或习惯性的动作；例如：. When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在公路上踢足球；. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热闹欢迎；. 3）在时间状语从句中,由 when 引导从句的瞬时性动词用一般过去时,主句常用过去进行时；I was watching TV when the rai

9、nstorm suddenly came. 瞬时性动词 Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. 瞬时性 动词 4）留意：情态动词用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气；.例如： .could, would Could you lend me your bike. 你的自行车,能借用一些吗？. 重点学习一下,used to / be used to . used to + do：过去常常 表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在；例如：. Mother us

10、ed not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘；. Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常漫步；. be used to + doing：对 已感到习惯,或 习惯于 ,to 是介词,后需加名词或动名词；例如：. He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于漫步了；. 典型例题 . - Your phone number again. I _ quite catch it. . A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D.

11、 cant. 答案 A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,因此应用过去时；3. 一般过去时的否定句和疑问句但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,was, were 的否定句直接在后面加 not, 疑问句把 was, were 提前；实意动词的否定句在动词原形的前面加 didn t, 疑问句在句首加 Did 后动词仍原；She was a teacher three years ago. She was not a teacher three years ago. Was she a teacher three years ago. I watched TV yesterday eve

12、ning. I didn t watch TV yesterday evening. Did you watch TV yesterday evening. 三、一般将来时的用法名师归纳总结 1. 一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态；其表达形式“ will 或 shall + 动词原形”；表示即将发生的第 2 页,共 6 页或最近准备进行的事,或某种迹象说明将要发生某事,其表达形式“ be going to+ 动词原形”； 常用的时间状语tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening ；next year/month/weeka. Look at the clouds in

13、the sky. It is going to rain. 要下雨了； 迹象 - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - b. We are going to have a meeting today. 我们今日要开个会；（准备）C. We will have a meeting next Sunday. 将来 2. 在 When, as soon as, if 等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,时态是主将从现；例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we have a meeting. 假如你今日下午过来,我们将开个会；b. W

14、hen I graduate, Ill go to countryside. 毕业后我要去乡下；C. I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 四、现在进行时1. 表示方法： am/is/are （助动词）+v-ing 现在分词 否定句：am/is/are +not+v-ing 疑问句：把 am/is/are 提到句首2. 现在分词的构成一般在动词后加-ing 如： work - working, sleep - sleeping ,study -studying ; 以 e 结尾的去 e 加 ing take -taking ,make

15、-making, dance -dancing ; 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加beginning -ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - 以-ie 结尾的动词,把变成 y 再加 -ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying3.现在进行时的用法1）现在或当前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作,常用的时间状语 She is watering the flowers. Are they working now. They are listening to the teacher. now,其它词如： look, l

16、isten 等；2 always 用在现在进行时中,表示夸奖、批判、埋怨、批判等口吻；They are always comparing them with other children. He is always helping others when they are in trouble. 3 有些动词即趋向性动词用现在进行时表示将来；这些动词是：I am leaving tomorrow. I am going to Singapore next week.五、过去进行时1. 表示方法： was/were （助动词） +v-ing否定句： was/were+not+v-ing 疑问句：

17、把 was/were 提到句首come, go, leave, plan, 等；1.过去某一时刻或某一段正在进行的动作,常用的时间状语his time yesterday,at ten oclock yesterday,at that time,when he came back 等；.We were reading in class this time yesterday 2. 用于 when, while 引导的时间状语从句中 .I was drawing a picture when the teacher came in. Aron s arm was caught under a 2

18、000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. 连续性动词 While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me. Ben s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - -

19、- and radio were working. 六、现在完成时1.现在完成时的表示方法：have/has（助动词） +动词的过去分词 否定句： have/has（助动词） +not+ 动词的过去分词 疑问句：把 have/has提到句首；2. 动词的过去分词的构成方法 一般的和动词的过去式的变化是一样的,特别的需要记忆；1. 过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的副词或时间状语already,.just ,.before.,never ,ever, for three years,since 1990,these days 2. 表示过去已经开头并连续到现在的动作或状态

20、 Ive already posted the letter. We have known each other for ten years. They lived here since 1997. Have you ever been to Beijing. 2.have been to 与 have gone to的区分表示去了某地仍没有回来have been to 表示去了某地已经回来了,have gone toI m very tired because I have just been to London. -Where is Miss Smith. -She has gone to

21、 the library.练习一、用所给词的适当形式填空：1He_swimming in the river every day in summer. go 2. It_you are right. seem 3. Look, the children _ basketball on the playground. play 4 .He_to the radio when I came in, listen 5 .It is very cold .I think it _. rain 6. I need some paper . I _some for you . bring 7. I can

22、t find my pen . Who _ _it. take 8. I_my bike, so I have to walk to school. lose 9.He_down and began to read his newspaper. sit 10.I_with you if I have time . go 11.We will go to the cinema if it_tomorrow . rain 12.I will tell her the news when she_to see me next week. come 14.I will tell her the new

23、s when she_to see me next week. come 15. “ When _ you_the car .”“ In 1998 . ” buy 16.We_good friends since we met at school . （be）17.What_you_ at five yesterday afternoon . do 18.The bike is nice . How much _it_. cost 二、挑选正确答案填空名师归纳总结 （）1.Well go swimming if the weather _fine tomorrow. 第 4 页,共 6 页（A

24、. is B. was C. will be D. is going to be ）2. It_five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. have been C. is D. is going to be - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - （）3. Please don t leave the office until your friend _back. A. came B. comes C. have come D. will come buies4. I will tell him a

25、s soon as he _ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 5. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them. （A. tries buys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys） 6. Listen . Someone_in the next room . A. cried B. crying C. is crying D. has cried （ ）7.You must tell him the news as soon as youhim. A. see B. sees C. w

26、ill see D. is seeing （ ）8.We_to the Great Wall several times. A. go B. were going C. have gone D. have been （ ）9. As she_the newspaper, Granny_asleep. A. read , was falling B. fell C. was reading , was falling D. read , fell 10. He usually _ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. i

27、s watching 11. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed 12. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries 13. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games. A. swimming playing B. swimming plaiingC. swimming I pla

28、ying D. swimming plaing 14. Look . The boy students are _ football while the girls are _ . A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance 15. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening. A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins 16. _ he _ on well with his friends this t

29、erm . A. Does gets B. Does get C. Is getting D. Is geting 17. Mr Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writing is writing B. is writing wrC. writes is writing D. writes writes 18. _ you _out for a walk after supper . Yes, I _. A. Did went went B. Did go wentC. Did went did D. D

30、id go did 19. _ Jack _ on with his work or _ to have a rest. A. Did went stopped B. Did go stopC. Did went stop D. Did go stoppe 20. He _ some cooking at that time, so _ me. A. did heard B. did didnt hear C. was doing heard D. was doing didnt hear三、转换练习1. There are some apples on the tree. 改为否定句 The

31、re _ _ _ on the tree. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 2.Lisa has a computer game. 改为一般疑问句 _Lisa _ a computer game. 3.Does the boy often play basketball. 作确定和否定回答 _, _ _. _ _ _. 4. He wants to go to the movies. 改为否定句 He _ _ to go to the movies. 5.Their schoolbags are black. 对画

32、线部分提问 _ _ are their schoolbags. 6.My holiday was good. 对画线部分提问 _ 7.She was very happy last month. 改为一般疑问句 _ 8. Tom did his homework last night. 改为否定句 Tom _ _his homework last night. 9. Mary often watches TV. 用 last Sunday 改写句子 _ 10. We played basketball after school yesterday. 对画线部分提问 _ 11. Look. Th

33、ey are playing basketball on the playground. 改为否定句 _ 12. We are having English class now. 改为一般疑问句 _ 13. Are you learning how to use a computer. 作确定和否定回答 _ 14. I was doing my homework at this time yesterday. 改为否定句、疑问句、作确定和否定回答 _ _ _ 15. I have ever been to the Great Wall before. 改为否定句、疑问句、作确定和否定回答 _ _ _ 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页