2022年初三英语定语从句的用法和精练.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中 ,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句；被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词 二、定语从句的关系词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面；引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who 宾格 whom,全部格 whose等, 关系副词包 where, when, why 等；关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用 三、关系代词的用法,同时又作定语从句的重要成分；1. that 既可以用于指人 ,也可以用于指物；在从句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语时不行省略 ,作

2、宾语可省略；例如 : Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜爱轻柔的音乐； that 作主语 The coat that I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的；that 作宾语 2.which 用于指物 ,在句中作主语或宾语 ,作主语不行省略 ,作宾语可省略；例如 : The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. 位于火车站邻近的那座大楼是一家超市；作主语 The film which we saw last

3、night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看；作宾语 3.who, whom 用于指人 ,who 用作主语 ,whom 用作宾语；在口语中 ,有时可用 who 代替 whom, 也可省略；例如 : The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.常常在英语方面帮忙我的那个女孩是英国人；作主语 Who is the teacher whom Li Ming is talking to. 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁 .作宾语 留意:1当定语从句中含有介词 ,介词放在句末时 ,who, that, wh

4、ich 可省略 ,但介词在关系代词前时 ,只能用 “介词 +which/whom” 结构；例如 : This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子；Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告知我你从谁那借的这本英文小说；2含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不行前置 ,只能放在原先的位置上；例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人；3that 作介词的宾语时 ,介词不能放它的前面 ,

5、只能放在从句中动词的后面；例如 : The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市特别远；4关系词只能用 that 的情形 : 名师归纳总结 a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 : 第 1 页,共 5 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人；b.被修饰的先行词为 all, any, much, m

6、any, everything, anything, none, the one 等不定代词时 ,只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 : Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop. 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗 . c.先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车；等词修饰时 ,只能用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 : d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时 ,只能

7、用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 : I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清晰记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片；e.以 who 或 which 引导的特别疑问句 ,为防止重复 ,只能用 that. 例如 : Who is the girl that is crying. 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁 . f.主句是 there be 结构 ,修饰主语的定语从句用 that, 而不用 which. 例如 : There is a book on the desk that

8、belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的；5关系词只能用 which,而不用 that 的情形 : a.先行词为 that, those 时,用 which, 而不用 that. 例如 : Whats that which is under the desk. 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么. b.关系代词前有介词时 ,一般用 which, 而不用 that. 例如 : c.引导非限制性定语从句 ,用 which, 而不用 that. 例如 : 五、关系副词的用法This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间；Tom came back, wh

9、ich made us happy. 汤姆回来了 ,这使我们很兴奋；1when 指时间 ,其先行词表示时间 ,在句中作时间状语；例如 : This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间；1 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 2 The time when we got together finally came. 2where 指地点 ,其先行词表示地点 ,在句中作地点状语；例如 : 1 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 2 The

10、 house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点；3why 指缘由 ,其先行词是缘由 ,起缘由状语作用；例如 : Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到；2名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 1 Please tell me the reason why you missed th

11、e plane. 二、使用关系代词时应 留意 以下几点：2 I don t know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 1假如先行词是 all,anything,something,nothing,everything,little ,none 等不定代词,关系代词一般 只用 that例如： All that are present burst into tears. 2假如先行词被形容词最高级以及 first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very 等词修饰,关系代词常 用 that例如： The first les

12、son that I learned will never be forgotten. 3which 仍有一种特别用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念；在这种从句中,which 可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情形下意思与and this 相像；例如： He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. 4先行词中 既有人又有物 时,关系代词应当 用 that ；例如： The boy and the dog that are in the picture are ve

13、ry lovely. 5“ 介词关系代词 ”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句；此结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等,关系代词常常 只可用 whom 或 which ,不行用 that ；例如： The room in which t here is a machine is a workshop. 像 listen to, look at , depend on, pay attention to , take care of 等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不将介词与动词分开；例如：

14、 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.3名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 定语从句I. 单项填空； 1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father. -Yes, he s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _I can swim. A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3

15、. This is the best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day. A. that you bought B. you bought it C. that you bought it D. which you bought it 5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agree

16、s D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who B. whose C. that of which. 8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was 9. I love places _the pe

17、ople are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live . 用适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 填空；1. The first thing _ _you must do is to have a meal. C. where we live in D. we live in 2. April 1st is the day _ _is called Apr

18、il Fools Day in the west. 3. The family _ _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _ _we live in is very old. 5. Didn t you see the man _ _I talked with just now. 答案： CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom . 一、 典型例题 1、 -Do you know the man _is talking with

19、 your father？-Yes, hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom2、The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister. A. which ； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 3、Have you seen the film Titanic _actors are very famous. A who B whose C that D whom 4、Ann asked the policeman _he worked to conta

20、ct him whenever there was an accident. A with him B with whom C who D whom 5、A child _parents are dead is called an orphan. A which B his C whose D with 6、This is the reason _ he told me. A、that B、why C、on which D、for that 7、Do you know the scientist _ gave us a talk just now. A. who B. whom C. whic

21、h D. whose 8、This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. A. which B. what C. whose D. whom 9、Shaolin Temple _ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad. A. where B. which C. who D. what 10、Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree. She is my little

22、 sister. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which4名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 5 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 三、课后练习 1. Beijing is the 29th city _ holds the Olympic Games. A. where B. that C. which D. what 2. Have you read the book _ I gave you yesterday. A. that B. when C. where 3. The man _ came to our party

23、with a present is my old friend. A. when B. which C. who 4. I like writers _ write short stories. A. which B. what C. whom D. who 5. This is the question _ we are talking about now. A. that B. who C. where D. when 6. What are you looking for.I am looking for the book _ I bought yesterday. A. who B.

24、which C. whose 7. Jack, there is someone in the office _ would like to speak with you. A. who B. which C. whom 8. If a bag is filled with books and pens, it must belong to someone _ works hard. A. which B. / C. whom D. who 9. Many young people prefer the songs _ have great lyrics. A. which B. who C.

25、 where D. whom 10. Even teachers canunderstand some expressions _ their students use in daily life. A. whose B. who C. that D. whom 11. The bridge _ a big ship can go has been built. A. under which B. under that C. in which D. on which 12. The book _ is torn is mine. A. the cover of which B. the cov

26、er of that C. which the cover D. whose cover of 13. He talked about the classmates and the school _ he had visited. A. who B. that C. which D. about which 14. You have seen the girl _ sister is a Chinese teacher. A. whom B. of whom C. whose D. of which 15. We should do all _ is useful to people. A.

27、/ B. that C. it D. which 16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. which B. in which C. on which D. to which 17. Those _ finished doing it put up your hands. A. who have B. who has C. which have D. have 19. The man _ was a friend of mine. A. that you just talked to B. whom you

28、just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to 20. I went to the school _ my father once worked. A. that B. which C. where D. on which 21. I shall never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when;

29、 which C. which; that D. when; who 22. The weather turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 23. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which 24. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her

30、 role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what 25. Have you seen the film Titanic, _ leading actor is world famous. A. its B. its C. whose D. which 典型例题 1B2C3b4b5c6a 7a8a9b10a 课后练习 1B2A3D4D 5-9ABADA 10C 11 A12 A13 B14 C.15 B16 D17 A19 A 20 C21 B22 B23 D24 B25 C 5名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 5 页