2022年初中情态动词用法总结.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载专项：情态动词一 考点 ： 情态动词的用法和辨析, 情态动词表示估计和可能, 由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答；二 类型 ：1 只是情态动词： can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词,可做实义动词：need, dare 3 可做情态动词,可做助动词：will, would, shall, should 4 特别： have to, ought to, used to 三 特点 ：1 有肯定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,必需与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语；2 无人称和数的变化；（have to 除

2、外）Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形；4 具有助动词作用,可构成否定,疑问或简短回答；四 用法 ：1. can 表示才能, “能,会 ”；Eg : Can you play basketball. 表示怀疑,推测,常用于否定句或疑问句；Eg :Li hua can be in the classroom. 表示恳求,答应,多用于口语,译“可以” = may. Eg: you can go now. can 开头的疑问句,确定句,否定句用can或 cant.2.couldcan 的过去式,表示过去的才能；Eg :I could swim when I was s

3、even years old. could 开头的疑问句,确定和否定回答用 表示现在的委婉,用 can 回答；Eg: Could I have a drink. Yes, you can. could, couldn t 假如 could 3.may 表示估计, “可能,或许 ”,用于确定句；Eg: He may come tomorrow. 表示恳求, “许可 ,可以 ”；Eg: May I borrow your book. 注：表示恳求,许可时,主语为第一人称的一般疑问句,否定回名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - -

4、 精品资料 欢迎下载答用 mustn不行以,禁止,不许 ” ,不用 may not “可能不 ”；表示希望； Eg :May you success. 4.might 表示 “可以 ” ,用于过去时中；Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. 用于现在时,表示说话更委婉,礼貌；Eg:He might be doing his lessons now. 5.must表示 “必需,应当 ”；表示估计,常用在确定句中,表“肯定”；Eg:There is someone knocking at the door.It must be Jim. 否定句中, mu

5、stn t 表示禁止,“ 不答应” ；以 must 开头的疑问句, 确定句回答用 must,否定回答用 neednt , 表示“ 不需要,不必”=“ dont have to” . 表示“ 偏偏” ；Eg: Must you play the piano at this time. 6.need 情态动词： +do,用 need 提问或回答,确定句回答用 must ,否定句回答 用 neednt. Eg: You needn t come to school so early. 实义动词： +to do ,用助动词提问和否定；+doing 表示被动；needn t have done 表示没必

6、要做某事但是做了；Eg: I actually needn t have bought so much wine. 7.dare 情态动词,多用于疑问句,否定句,条件句中；Eg: Im afraid you dare not to do such a thing. 注：I dare say 习惯说成“ 或许,我想”；Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say. 实义动词： dare to do ,用于确定句中, 当用于否定句或疑问句时, to 可 以省略； Eg: This student doesn t dare to raise any ques

7、tion in class. 用于第一人称表示征求看法,询问；8.shall Eg: Shall I open the window. Shall we have lunch here. 表示说话人的态度, “ 命令,警告,承诺,威逼”；Eg: You shall finish your homework first. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载用于第三人称, 在条约, 规定,法令等文件中表示义务或规定, “ 应 该,必需” ；（不常用）9.should 表示义务,责任“ 应当”；Eg:We

8、 should obey traffic laws. 作为 shall 过去式,用于第一三人称,表示征求看法；Eg:Mr lee asked if he should get his visa. 表示“ 竟然” ；Eg: Its unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. 表示说话人的特别情感,如诧异,愤慨,扫兴等；Eg: How should I know. 表示劝说,建议,“ 应当” ；Eg: You should listen to your teacher. 10.will 用于其次人称表示询问, 恳求,也可以

9、表达现在的 “ 意愿” ；Eg: Will you pass me the book. 表示意愿,打算,承诺,用于各种人称；Eg: I will try my best to help you. 表示规律性的“ 注定会”；Eg: People will die without air or water. 11.would 表示过去的意愿或委婉询问；Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station. 12.have to“ 必需,不得不” ,强调客观需要,含有时态的变化；Eg: I ll have to ask Jim instead. 区分： must

10、表示“ 必需,应当“ ,主观看法；13.ought to 表示职责, 义务或要求, 及人们应当去做的正确的事或好事；Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 比 should 语气强, ought to 反映客观情形, should 表示主观看 法；ought to have done 本应当做而没有做；Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier. 14.used to表示“ 过去经常,过去是“ ,没有人称和数的变化,可以和过去的名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

11、 -第 3 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料欢迎下载to 或 didn t use to ,疑问词将时间状语连用；否定形式： usedn t use提前或 Did use to . Eg: He didnt use to be so careless. 区分 would :带有主观性,并且现在做不做不知道；Used to :客观 性,和现在进行对比,过去经常,现在就不怎么做了；Eg: He would phone me on Sunday. Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young. 区分：

12、 be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于 Used to do （情态动词）过去是,过去经常Be used to do 过去式 被用来做 Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper. 15.其他 ：had better do 最好做某事 否定： had better not do Eg: You had better stay at home. be able t

13、o 与 can 表示才能时用法相同,但前者有时态的变化,有 才能胜利做某事；Eg: We will be able to come back next week. 专题练习 ：1 1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must 2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to 3 -May I take this book out

14、. -No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent 4 You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would 5 -Can you speak Japanese. 名师归纳总结 -No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 第 4 页,共 6 页- - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2 1 -He_ be in

15、the classroom, I think. -No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustn t 2 -Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad. -Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt 3 Even the top students in our c

16、lass cant work out this problem, so it be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 5 _ I take this one. A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do 3 1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 2 You _ b

17、e late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to 3 -Must I do my homework at once. -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 4 1 His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to 2 He had to giv

18、e up the plan, _ he. A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt 3 They had to walk here, _ they. A. mustnt B. did C. didnt D. hadnt 5 1 He had better stay here, _ he. A. didnt B. dont C. hadnt D. isnt 2 Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be 3 Youd better _ your hair _ once

19、a month. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted 4 You_ ask that man over there. Maybe he knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 6 1 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday. A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Yes, please D

20、. Let me try 2 -Why dont you ask Mike to go with us. -Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may 3 -_ I take the newspaper away. 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 6 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载-No, you mustnt. You_read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 7 1 Excu

21、se me. _ you please pass me that cup. A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 2 _ you like to have another try. A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 3 -Would you like to go boating with us. -Yes, _.A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do 8 1 You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to 2 The poor man needs our help, _ he. A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt 3 -Must we do our homework first. -No, you_. You may have a rest first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cant 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 6 页