2022年名词性从句用法归纳.docx

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1、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载名词性从句 ：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 Noun Clauses）；名词性从句在复合句中能担任:主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等；名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1、从属连词（ 5 个）：（1）that 无词义,在从句中不做成分,在宾语从句或表语从句中that 有时可以省略（2）whether,if 有词义,在从句中不做成分（whether,if 均表示 “ 是否 ” 之意,说明从句内容的不确定性）不行以省略（3）as if

2、, as though （均表示 “ 似乎 ” ,“似乎 ”之意）在从句中不做成分2、连接代词（9 个）：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever,有词义, 在从句中做成分,不行以省略 （who what which 在从句中做主语、宾语、 其中 what 指代没有范畴的事物,which 指代有范畴的事物,表“ 挑选哪一个 ” whom做宾语 whose 做定语）3、连接副词（ 7 个）：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 有词义,

3、在从句中做状语,不行以省略4、that 省略的情形 ：（1）定语从句中做宾语（2） that 引导宾语从句时（3） that 引导表语从句时（4）主语从句中 it 做形式主语, that 从句置于句末时5、that 不行省略的情形：（1）定语从句中做主语（2）由 that 引导主语从句放句首时（3） that 引导同位语从句时（4）宾语从句中 i it 做形式宾语,真正的 that 宾语从句中 that 不行以省略ii 一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导其次个和以后几个句子中的 that 不行以省略iii 与动词相隔的宾语从句,不行以省略iv that 引导的宾语从句放在句首时,不行以

4、省略二. 主语从句1、主语从句 ：作句子主语的从句叫主语从句；主语从句通常由以下词引导：1）从属连词 that,whether 等；2）连接代词 what, who,which, whatever,whoever,whom 等；3 连接副词 how,when,where,why 等；2、that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用, 在从句中充当从句的成分；whoever 表示泛指意义；例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unkno

5、wn. It is known to us how he became a writer. 注：whom、who 指人, what 指物,whatever,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 留意：有时为防止句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载把主语从句置于句末；主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式；常用句型如下：（1） It + be +

6、名词 + that 从句： It is a fact that 事实是It is an honour that 特别荣幸（2） It + be + 动词的过去分词It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a pity that 遗憾 + that 从句 : It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It has been proved that 已经证明It is believed that 人们认为It is supposed that 据推测（3） It + 不及物动词（ vi） + that 从句：It seems

7、that 似乎It happened that 碰巧It appears that 似乎（4） It + be + 形容词+ that 从句很自然 It is natural thatIt is strange that古怪的是 留意 :在主语从句中用来表示诧异、不信任、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气 “ should +do,常用的句型有： It is necessary important, natural, strange, etc. that It is suggested requested, proposed, desired, etc. that3、It 作形式主语

8、和it 引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平稳句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化； it 引导的强调句就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词 that引导,被强调部分指人时也可用 who/whom ；例如：a It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. b It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.c It is in the morning that the murder took place.（强调句型）d It is John that

9、 broke the window.（强调句型）4、留意：since, if 不能引导主语从句, 但当 it 做形式主语, 主语从句放在句末时,if, whether均可5、主语从句不行位于句首的五种情形：（1）if 引导的主语从句不行居于复合句句首；（2）It is said /reported 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达： That President Jiang will visit our school next week is s

10、aid. （3）It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达： That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn t matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不行提前；例如：正确表达： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.错误表达： Whether he is wrong or not doesnt ma

11、tter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不行提前；例如：名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载正确表达： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening. 错误表达： Is that will rain in the evening likely. 6、what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区分 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语宾语表语,而 that 就 不然；例如：a What you said yesterday

12、 is right. b That she is still alive is a consolation 三、表语从句 表语从句： 在复合句中, 位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句；引导表语从句的关 联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用 as if 引导；可以接表语从句的系动词有be ,look , remain （保持） , seem等常用的仍有 the reason is that It is because It appears/seems thatIt happens that It turns out that（结果是 .）等结构由从属连词,连接代词

13、,连接副词引导,其中 that 经常可以省略由 as if, as though 引导 It looks as if It seems as ifwhy, because 都可以引导表语从句,但why 强调结果, because强调理由当主语为 suggestion, order, requirement, advice, request, demand 等这类名词时,表语从句用虚拟语气（ should）do if 不能引导表语从句留意：当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that 引导而不是because；例如：The reason why he was late was that he m

14、issed the train by one minute this morning . 【留意】 whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的 四、同位语从句if 却通常不用于引导表语从句；1、同位语从句说明其前面的名词的详细内容；同位语从句通常由 that 引导, that 不行以省略由 whether 引导,不行用 if 2、可用于同位语从句的名词有belief、advice、demand、doubt（怀疑）、possibility 、though、proposal、case、fact、hope、idea、information 、message、news、order、problem、p

15、romise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word 等；例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 3、在 no idea 后用 wh-疑问词引导4、 同位语从句与定语从句的区分1 定语从句中的 that 既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语）,而同位语从句中的 that 是连词,只

16、起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分；2 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明；例如：1 The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告知我的消息是汤姆明年将出国；）（第一个 that 引导的从句是定语从句,that 在从句中作宾语）2The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him. （汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的；）（同位语从句, that 在句中不作任何成分）五、

17、宾语从句名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载宾语从句 ：名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句；由从属连词、连接代词、连接副词引导；1. 由连接词 that 引导的宾语从句由连接词 that 引导宾语从句时,that 在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,其次个分句前的that 不行省；例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think that we are good i

18、n everything while others are good in nothing. 留意：在 demand、order（命令）、suggest、decide、insist（坚持） , desire, urge,advice,propose,require, request, command（命令） , doubt 等表示要求、命令、建议、打算等意义 的动词后,宾语从句常用“（ should）+ 动词原形 ”；例如：I insist that she should do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops should s

19、et off at once. 2. 用 who , whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever 等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特别疑问句,应留意句子语序要用陈述语序；例 如：I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句,其

20、主语和谓语的次序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句 语序；此外, whether 与 if 在作 “是否 ” 的意思讲时在以下情形下一般只能用 whether,不用if ：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有 “ or not ”时； e. 后接动词不定式时；例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will com

21、e or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay. 4. 留意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句依据自身的句子情形,而 使用 不同时态；例如：I know that he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）I know that he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know that he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）I know that he has studied English sin

22、ce 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could, would 除外）,从句就要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,就从句 仍用现在时态；例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose ,guess, expect, fancy, consider 等等动词引起的否定性宾 语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式；即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中；例如：原谅We dont t

23、hink you are here. 我们认为你不在这；force 强迫take拿走forgiveI don t believe he will do so. 我信任他不会这样做；6、后面不能接 that 从句的动词有： condemn 声讨,判刑dislike 不喜爱refuse 拒绝let like love help admire 仰慕allow celebrate cause 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载注：以上动词后不能接that 从句,但可以用不定式,动名词做宾语；六、 wheth

24、er 与 if 均为 是否 的意思；但在以下情形下,只可用 whether：1. whether 引导主语从句并在句首时,whether,if 均可只能用 whether,当 it 做形式主语, 主语放句首时,eg:whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic 2. 引导表语从句eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her 3. whether 从句作介词宾语e.g:It depends on whether he will come. 4.if

25、与 whether 都可以与 or not 连用,但后面紧跟 or not 时只能用 whether We didnt know whether or not she was ready. （此时只能用 whether）I wonder whether/if the news is true or not. （此时就二者都可以用）5. 引导同位语从句Whether he will come is not clear. 6.后接不定式时Eg I don t know whether to go.7.在 discuss后只能用 whether 留意：（ 1）大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末

26、,用it 充当形式主语；It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. （2）whether 从句中不能有否定式,而 if 可以I don t care if he doesnt come.七、名词性 that-从句（1）由从属连词 that 引导的从句叫做名词性 that-从句； That 只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义；名词性 that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如：主语： That she is stil

27、l alive is her luck. 她仍活着全靠运气；去；宾语： John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦表语： The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他；同位语： The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室全部的人担心；形容词宾语： I am glad that you

28、are satisfied with your job. 2）That-从句作主语通常用 it 作先行词,而将 that-从句置于句末,例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清晰,整个方案注定要失败；Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不行真是件憾事；用 it 作形式主语的 that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：a. It + be + 形容词 + that-从句It is necessary that 有必要 It is important

29、that 重要的是 It is obvious that 很明显 b. It + be + -ed 分词 + that-从句It is believed that 人们信任 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 7 页精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - It is known to all that精品资料欢迎下载众所周知 It has been decided that 已打算 c. It + be + 名词 + that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人诧异的是 It is a

30、 fact that 事实是 d. It +不及物动词 + that-从句It appears that似乎 It happens that碰巧 It occurred to me that我突然想起 八、名词性 wh-从句1）由 wh- 词引导的名词从句叫做名词性 wh- 从句； Wh- 词包括 who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等连接代词和 where, when, how, why 等连接副词；Wh-从句的语法功能除了和 例如：that-从句一样外,仍可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,主语：How

31、 the book will sell depends on its author.直接宾语： In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语： The club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖；表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.宾语补足语： She will name him whatever she wants to. 同位语：I have no idea when he will return.

32、形容词宾语： Im not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.2）Wh- 从句作主语也常用先行词 it 做形式主语,而将 wh-从句置于句末,例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.It remains unknown when they are going to get married.九、 if, whether 引导的名词从句1）yes-no 型疑问从句从属连词 if, whether 引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或挑

33、选疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为 yes-no 型疑问句从句和挑选型疑问从句,其功能和 wh-从句的功能相同,例如：主语： Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 宾语： Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.表语： The point is whether we should lend him the money.同位语： They are investigating the question whether the man is tr

34、ustworthy.形容词宾语：Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.2）挑选性疑问从句挑选性疑问从句由关联词if/whether or或 whether or not 构成,例如：Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. I dont care whether you like the plan or not. if 和 w

35、hether 的区分：名师归纳总结 1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether ；如：第 6 页,共 7 页例 8 I can t decide whether to stay. - - - - - - -精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 精品资料 欢迎下载2、 在 whether or not 的固定搭配中；如：例 9 I want to know whether its good news or not .3 、在介词后,只能用 whether；如：例 10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . ；4、

36、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用 whether ；如：Whether this is true or not, I really dont know. （例 11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这 项工作仍是个问题；此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出）5、用 if 会引起歧义时,只用 whether；如：例 12 Could you tell me if you know the answer . 这句话有两种意思：“ 你能告知我是否知道答案吗？”或“ 假如你知道答案,请告知我,好吗

37、？ ”；如用 whether 可防止歧义 . 十、否定转移1 将 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到 主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用确定式；I dont think I know you. 我想我并不熟悉你；I don t believe he will come. 我信任他不回来；留意：如谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移；I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧；2 将 seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面；It doesn

38、t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去；It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气；3 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定；I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人；not 否定动名词短语having Its not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the str

39、eet. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上生疏的人；anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式； 4 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前；The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.否定状语 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食；He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. 否定 because状语 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事；She had not been married many weeks when that mans younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.否定状语 many weeks她结婚仍不到几个星期,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷；名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 7 页